CN111200194A - Area antenna array composed of novel monopole antenna - Google Patents
Area antenna array composed of novel monopole antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111200194A CN111200194A CN201811380953.XA CN201811380953A CN111200194A CN 111200194 A CN111200194 A CN 111200194A CN 201811380953 A CN201811380953 A CN 201811380953A CN 111200194 A CN111200194 A CN 111200194A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an area antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas, wherein array elements of the area antenna array are monopole antennas in an open rectangular cavity; the area antenna array is a two-dimensional rectangular array; each line of the surface antenna array forms an orthogonal antenna array, and the polarization direction of the monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the orthogonal antenna array; each column of the surface antenna array forms a collinear antenna array, and the polarization direction of the monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity is consistent with the axial direction of the collinear antenna array. The monopole antennas in the novel open rectangular cavity form a dense surface antenna array, so that the antenna gain is obviously improved under the condition of the same volume, and the problem of poor antenna directivity characteristic caused by mutual coupling of antenna units is avoided; the monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity forms a dense surface antenna array, and the technical trend of antenna miniaturization is strongly supported.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of array antennas, in particular to a high-gain surface antenna array formed by monopole antennas in an open rectangular cavity.
Background
Dipole antennas, in particular half-wave dipole antennas, are a very widely used class of antennas, in particular as element antennas in array antennas. Monopole antennas (quarter wavelength) evolved from dipole antennas, with dimensions half smaller than half-wave elements and directivity factors 3dB higher than half-wave element antennas. The induced current of the ground surface in the monopole antenna plays a role in radiation, so that the directivity coefficient of the antenna is improved on one hand, and the influence of the outside on the monopole antenna is shielded on the other hand.
In order to increase the antenna gain, the unit antennas are often combined into an array antenna, and the more the antenna elements, the higher the antenna array gain. Mutual coupling between antenna elements is generally present, which affects the input impedance (mutual impedance), directivity factor, radiation pattern of the antenna and beam scanning of the phased array, which in turn affects the antenna layout. In antenna array design, designers always overcome mutual coupling between antenna elements as much as possible, so that the characteristics of the antenna elements (in the antenna array) approach the characteristics of antennas in free space, and thus, the gain of the antenna array is effectively improved.
Monopole antennas have the advantages of small size and good directivity, and have been applied to array antenna designs as unit antennas. But due to mutual coupling between existing monopole antennas, the monopole antenna element spacing in an array antenna is typically greater than or equal to one-half wavelength. If the existing monopole antenna is improved to obtain the unit antenna with smaller mutual coupling, the antenna gain can be further improved in a dense array arrangement mode, and an antenna array with more optimized electrical performance is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an area antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas, which has high gain and good directivity and can be widely applied to the technical fields of phased arrays, anti-stealth radars, over-the-horizon radars and the like.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an area antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas, wherein array elements of the area antenna array are monopole antennas in an open rectangular cavity; the area antenna array is a two-dimensional rectangular array; each line of the surface antenna array forms an orthogonal antenna array, and the polarization direction of the monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the orthogonal antenna array; each row of the upper line antenna array forms a collinear antenna array, and the polarization direction of the monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity is consistent with the axial direction of the collinear antenna array; the monopole antenna in the opening rectangular cavity comprises an opening rectangular cavity and a monopole antenna, the opening rectangular cavity is composed of a section of rectangular waveguide and a metal plate, one end of the rectangular waveguide is sealed by the metal plate, the monopole antenna is fixedly installed in the rectangular waveguide cavity, the installation point of the monopole antenna is located in the central area of a waveguide wall where the wide side of the cross section of the rectangular waveguide is located, and the monopole antenna is parallel to the cross section of the rectangular waveguide and is perpendicular to the waveguide wall where the wide side of the cross section is located.
Preferably, the number of array elements of the planar antenna array is NxM, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, M is more than or equal to 2, and the height of the array elements, namely the length of the narrow side of the section of the rectangular waveguide, is less than or equal to 0.44 lambda; for each column of the collinear antenna array, the spacing between adjacent array elements is less than 0.52 lambda; for each row of the orthogonal antenna array, the spacing between adjacent array elements is less than 0.62 λ.
Preferably, the length of the rectangular waveguide is lambda/2, the length a of the wide side of the section is lambda/2, the length b of the narrow side of the section is not more than lambda/2, and the radiation surface ab of the antenna is not more than 0.25 lambda2。
Preferably, the monopole antenna is a dielectric substrate-based capacitively-loaded folded monopole antenna.
Preferably, the height of the dielectric substrate-based loaded capacitively folded monopole antenna is lambda/4.
The monopole antenna in the novel open rectangular cavity is adopted to form an intensive surface antenna array, so that the antenna gain is obviously improved under the condition of the same volume, and the problem of poor antenna directivity characteristic caused by mutual coupling of antenna units is avoided; the monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity forms a dense planar antenna array, effectively supports the technical trend of antenna miniaturization, and can better adapt to the severe requirements of the installation environment of carriers such as vehicles, airplanes and the like on the size of the antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a surface antenna array of the present invention comprised of novel monopole antennas;
FIG. 2 is a 3D directional diagram of a 2 x 2 quad-plane antenna array of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the novel monopole antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a planar antenna array composed of novel monopole antennas, in which a monopole antenna 1 in an open rectangular cavity is used as an array element (i.e., a unit antenna), and the number of the array elements is N × M (N is greater than or equal to 2, and M is greater than or equal to 2). The array elements are arranged on a straight line at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction to form a linear array called a collinear antenna array. The height of the monopole antenna 1 in the open rectangular cavity, namely the length of the narrow side of the cross section of the rectangular waveguide 4, is less than or equal to 0.44 lambda, and the polarization direction is consistent with the axis of the collinear antenna array. Owing to the small mutual coupling between monopole antenna elements in the open rectangular cavity, the collinear antenna array adopts a dense array arrangement mode, and the distance between adjacent array elements is less than 0.52 lambda. Two adjacent elements (or collinear binary array) have a one-dimensional dimension smaller than one wavelength (0.44 λ +0.52 λ ═ 0.96 λ). The array elements are arranged on a straight line at equal intervals along the X-axis direction to form a linear array, which is called an orthogonal antenna array. The polarization direction of the monopole antenna 1 in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the orthogonal antenna array. The orthogonal antenna array adopts a dense array arrangement mode, and the distance between adjacent array elements is less than 0.62 lambda. Two adjacent elements (or collinear binary antenna arrays) have a one-dimensional dimension of less than 1.12 wavelengths (0)5 λ +0.62 λ ═ 1.12 λ). The area antenna array can obtain high gain and large directivity coefficient under the condition of smaller antenna size, and the directivity coefficient is about DArea antenna array＝10log(N×M)+DUnit antenna(dB) is proportional to the number of array elements.
Fig. 2 shows a 3D directional diagram of a 2 × 2 quaternary array composed of monopole antennas 1 in 4 open rectangular cavities as array elements under far-field conditions obtained by computer simulation, and the operating frequency of the 3D directional diagram is 2 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 2, the difference between the main lobe level of the planar antenna array pattern and the pattern level in the direction of θ equal to 90 ° is about 20dB, and the directivity coefficient is greater than 12.2 dB.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the novel monopole antenna of the present invention. The monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity consists of two parts, namely the open rectangular cavity and the quarter-wave folded monopole antenna 6. The open rectangular cavity is a section of half-wavelength rectangular waveguide 4, one end of which is sealed by a metal plate 5 to form a short circuit surface, and the other end of which is an open rectangular waveguide as a radiation surface of the antenna. The length of the wide side of the section of the rectangular waveguide 4 is half wavelength; the length of the narrow side of the cross section is more than a quarter wavelength and less than a half wavelength (the length of the narrow side is 0.44 lambda in the given example), and the radiation surface ab of the antenna is less than or equal to 0.25 lambda2The rectangular waveguide cavity length is a half wavelength.
The monopole antenna 6 is arranged inside the rectangular waveguide, is parallel to the section of the rectangular waveguide 4 and is vertical to the waveguide wall where the wide side of the section is positioned. The specific installation position is in the center of the waveguide wall where the cross-section broadside is located, and can be located in the center point and the surrounding area of the waveguide wall where the broadside is located. The monopole antenna 6 has the same distance to the short-circuit surface of the open rectangular waveguide cavity and the antenna aperture surface, which is a quarter wavelength, and the distance to the two narrow sides of the waveguide section is approximately equal.
The monopole antenna 6 is a folded monopole loaded with a capacitor and is manufactured on a dielectric substrate, and the loaded capacitor can be used for adjusting the resonant frequency and S of the antenna11And (4) parameters. The monopole antenna 6 excites a rectangular waveguide primary mode, namely TE, in the rectangular waveguide 410Mode(s). One end of the folded monopole antenna 6 is fed by a coaxial line or a microstrip line, and the other end is directly grounded.
Claims (5)
1. A planar antenna array composed of novel monopole antennas is characterized in that: the array element of the surface antenna array is a monopole antenna (1) in an open rectangular cavity; the area antenna array is a two-dimensional rectangular array; each line of the surface antenna array forms an orthogonal antenna array (3), and the polarization direction of the monopole antenna (1) in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the orthogonal antenna array (3); each column of the surface antenna array forms a collinear antenna array (2), and the polarization direction of the monopole antenna (1) in the open rectangular cavity is consistent with the axial direction of the collinear antenna array (2); monopole antenna (1) in the opening rectangular cavity includes opening rectangular cavity and monopole antenna (6), opening rectangular cavity comprises one section rectangular waveguide (4) and metal sheet (5), the one end quilt of rectangular waveguide (4) metal sheet (5) seal, monopole antenna (6) installation is fixed in rectangular waveguide (4) intracavity, the mounting point of monopole antenna (6) is located the central zone of the waveguide wall at rectangular waveguide (4) cross-section broadside place, monopole antenna (6) are on a parallel with the cross-section of rectangular waveguide (4), the waveguide wall at perpendicular to cross-section broadside place.
2. The planar antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas of claim 1, wherein: the array element number of the area antenna array is NxM, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, M is more than or equal to 2, and the height of the array element, namely the length of the narrow side of the section of the rectangular waveguide (4), is less than or equal to 0.44 lambda; for each column of the collinear antenna array, the spacing between adjacent array elements is less than 0.52 lambda; for each row of the orthogonal antenna array, the spacing between adjacent array elements is less than 0.62 λ.
3. The planar antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas of claim 1, wherein: the length of the rectangular waveguide (4) is lambda/2, the length a of the wide side of the section is lambda/2, the length b of the narrow side of the section is not more than lambda/2, and the radiation surface ab of the antenna is not more than 0.25 lambda2。
4. The planar antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas of claim 1, wherein: the monopole antenna (6) is a capacitance-loaded folded monopole antenna based on a dielectric substrate.
5. The planar antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas of claim 4, wherein: the height of the dielectric substrate-based loaded capacitive folded monopole antenna is lambda/4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811380953.XA CN111200194A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Area antenna array composed of novel monopole antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811380953.XA CN111200194A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Area antenna array composed of novel monopole antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111200194A true CN111200194A (en) | 2020-05-26 |
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| CN201811380953.XA Pending CN111200194A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Area antenna array composed of novel monopole antenna |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4101900A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1978-07-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Modified t-bar fed slot antenna |
| US20130050036A1 (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Ippei Kashiwagi | Antenna device and electronic apparatus including antenna device |
| CN203039112U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Square short backfire antenna |
| US20150091766A1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Blackberry Limited | Broadband capacitively-loaded tunable antenna |
| CN108448218A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-24 | 李澍 | The coaxial conversion equipment of full bandwidth rectangular waveguide |
-
2018
- 2018-11-20 CN CN201811380953.XA patent/CN111200194A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4101900A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1978-07-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Modified t-bar fed slot antenna |
| US20130050036A1 (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Ippei Kashiwagi | Antenna device and electronic apparatus including antenna device |
| CN203039112U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Square short backfire antenna |
| US20150091766A1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Blackberry Limited | Broadband capacitively-loaded tunable antenna |
| CN108448218A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-24 | 李澍 | The coaxial conversion equipment of full bandwidth rectangular waveguide |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ERIC MERKLEY ET AL: ""A Compact Cavity-Backed Monopole Antenna For UWB Applications"", 《2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNCURSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200526 |
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