CN111196931A - Process method and device for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid waste - Google Patents
Process method and device for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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Abstract
The invention provides a process method and a device for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid waste, belongs to the field of solid waste treatment, and adopts a process method for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out material pretreatment on the solid waste; sending the pretreated solid waste into a pyrolysis device for temperature-section-divided temperature control pyrolysis treatment; respectively setting the heat preservation time of each temperature section of the pyrolysis device according to the different materials to be pyrolyzed; and respectively recovering and treating pyrolysis products generated in the pyrolysis treatment process. The temperature section of the S2 thermal cracking adopts a mode that the pyrolysis material is heated at a fixed position according to a conveying mode, the temperature is gradually heated and kept for a certain time in different temperature sections, and a corresponding independent recovery method or a combined recovery method of a plurality of temperature sections is adopted according to different properties of pyrolysis products of the pyrolysis material in the corresponding temperature sections; the problem that products after pyrolysis are coupled together and cannot be respectively subjected to resource treatment in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a solid waste pyrolysis process method and a solid waste pyrolysis device.
Background
In recent years, the achievement in the field of garbage treatment is obvious, mainly comprising three basic technologies of municipal garbage treatment, namely a landfill method, a composting method and an incineration method, but leachate generated by landfill causes secondary pollution; the compost treatment capacity is small, the period is long, and the adaptability is poor; the incineration can generate dangerous solid wastes such as dioxin, fly ash and the like, and the investment and the operating cost are relatively high.
Compared with incineration, pyrolysis is a decomposition reaction carried out in an inert or reducing atmosphere without oxygen or oxygen, and generates less secondary pollution emission substances. The pyrolysis technology has made great progress in the oxidation resistance of the material due to the oxygen-free operation, and in addition, the useful substances in the waste are converted into the gaseous (fuel gas) or liquid (fuel oil) form for utilization by pyrolysis, and the gaseous and liquid fuels have higher combustion efficiency and lower pollution than the waste. From the viewpoint of environmental protection, pyrolysis is a solid waste treatment method which is safer than the incineration process.
The pyrolysis product contains abundant forms from gas state, liquid state to solid state, and the resource degree is improved. However, the same feature of the incineration technique is common in the prior art pyrolysis technique as shown in fig. 1, that is, continuous operation in an integrated furnace chamber inevitably causes factors such as temperature, time, decomposition products and the like to be inseparably coupled together in the process.
At present, some researches have been made in the field of solid waste pyrolysis in China, for example, patent publication No. CN104130787A discloses a horizontal rotary pyrolysis reactor for domestic garbage, in which domestic garbage raw materials and a high-temperature inorganic heat carrier are heated in the horizontal rotary pyrolysis reactor in a direct contact manner, and high-temperature flue gas is disposed on the outer layer of the pyrolysis reactor for indirect heating, so that the garbage in the reactor undergoes pyrolysis reaction. The temperature of high-temperature flue gas is 500-1200 ℃, the temperature of pyrolysis reaction is controlled to be 300-800 ℃, the process flow can fully utilize the waste heat of the flue gas, the energy utilization rate is improved, although the temperature of the flue gas in the process has a range span, only one highest target temperature can be set in the operation process, in the processing process of garbage from normal temperature to the set temperature, the temperature of the garbage can not reach the specific temperature at specific time according to the process requirements, the heat preservation of a certain time period can not be carried out at the specific temperature according to the process requirements, and simultaneously, the pressure conditions and the atmosphere conditions of each time period can not be independently regulated and controlled. The components of domestic garbage, other industrial solid wastes and dangerous wastes are complex, the actual cracking temperature and cracking products of different components are different, the types of the cracking products can only be considered by the highest working temperature of the extensive pyrolysis process and equipment, generally, the higher the temperature is, the higher the proportion of combustible gas is, the more the economic value of the extensive pyrolysis process and equipment is close to that of the combustible gas, and finally, the carbon fixation effect of the pyrolysis process is also influenced, but the comprehensive effect can not be achieved by the pyrolysis process. Meanwhile, the process affects the pyrolysis energy consumption, the type and quality of the target product and the subsequent treatment process of the pyrolysis reaction product, and finally the sufficiency of resource utilization is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and designs a solid waste controlled pyrolysis process method and a solid waste controlled pyrolysis device, which control the temperature, the heating rate, the heat preservation time, the pressure and the atmosphere of the solid waste according to the composition and the characteristics of the solid waste and independently recycle the pyrolysis products, can fully pyrolyze the solid waste at the lowest energy cost, respectively recycle the pyrolysis products in different temperature sections (particularly low and medium temperatures) into resources, and can selectively carry out long-time heat preservation pyrolysis in a certain temperature section or certain temperature sections, thereby obtaining a certain pyrolysis product or certain pyrolysis products to the maximum extent, avoiding the final formation of combustible gas due to high temperature, changing the resources into auxiliary fuel and fully recycling the solid waste. The cracking process does not produce secondary waste, reduces the damage to the environment and has good environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
The invention provides a process method for solid waste controlled pyrolysis, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: carrying out physical pretreatment on the solid waste;
s2: sending the pretreated solid waste into a pyrolysis device for temperature-section-divided temperature control pyrolysis treatment;
s3: respectively setting the temperature control time of each temperature section of the pyrolysis device according to different pyrolyzed materials;
s4: and respectively collecting and processing pyrolysis products generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
Preferably:the temperature-controlled pyrolysis treatment in the temperature-controlled section in the step S2 includes a first temperature section, a second temperature section … … N temperature section, N is a natural number greater than 1, wherein the heat preservation temperature in the pyrolysis treatment process is determined as T according to the nature of solid waste1、T2……TN。
Preferably: in the pyrolysis treatment in the temperature-divided sections in step S2, the temperature rise rate is controlled according to the different materials to be pyrolyzed.
Preferably: the heat preservation time t corresponding to the different temperature sections in the S31To tnAre respectively and independently controlled.
Preferably: the temperature control modes of the temperature section of the S2 thermal cracking are as follows:
or a mode that the pyrolysis material is gradually heated and insulated for a certain time in different temperature sections at fixed positions is adopted, and a corresponding recovery method or a combined recovery method of several temperature sections is adopted according to different properties of the pyrolysis products in the different temperature sections;
or a pyrolysis material stepping conveying heating mode is adopted, each step adopts different temperatures and heat preservation time, and each temperature section corresponds to a corresponding recovery method or a combined recovery method of a plurality of temperature sections;
or a mode of continuously conveying and advancing the pyrolysis material is adopted, different temperatures and heat preservation time are adopted in each stage, and each temperature stage corresponds to a corresponding recovery method or a combined recovery method of a plurality of temperature stages.
Preferably: the heating mode of the temperature section for the thermal cracking of S2 can be one or more of electric heating, microwave heating, induction heating and plasma heating according to the process requirements.
Preferably: in the temperature section of the thermal cracking of S2, the different temperature sections can be respectively subjected to one of auxiliary pressure regulating operation methods of pressurization, depressurization and vacuumizing.
Preferably: in the temperature section of the thermal cracking of the S2, the heating atmosphere can be controlled according to the process requirements of the pyrolysis material, and the atmosphere can be one or more of inert gas or other gases added by the process requirements.
Preferably: the solid waste comprises one or more of domestic waste, agriculture and forestry solid waste, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, dangerous solid waste and industrial solid waste.
Preferably: the pyrolysis device in the step S2 is a pyrolysis device capable of separately and independently controlling the temperature, the temperature rise rate, the heat preservation time, the furnace pressure, the furnace atmosphere, and the independently recovered pyrolysis product according to the solid waste characteristics.
Preferably, the pyrolysis device is a single-cavity pyrolysis device, the cavity temperature, the heating rate, the heat preservation time, the hearth pressure and the hearth atmosphere can be independently controlled in a segmented mode, and corresponding pyrolysis products are independently recycled.
Preferably: the pyrolysis device is marching type pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis device includes first pyrolysis device, second pyrolysis device … … Nth pyrolysis device, and N is for being greater than 1 natural number, and wherein, the quantity of N is decided according to pyrolysis temperature and reaction time according to the nature of solid useless, but each pyrolysis device temperature, rate of rise, heat preservation time, furnace pressure, furnace atmosphere independent control correspond pyrolysis product independent recovery or some temperature zone combination are retrieved.
Preferably: the pyrolysis device is continuous pyrolysis device, can divide into at this continuous pyrolysis section the pyrolysis device includes first pyrolysis section, second pyrolysis device section … … Nth pyrolysis section, and N is the natural number that is greater than 1, and wherein, the quantity of N is decided according to pyrolysis temperature and reaction time according to the nature of solid useless, and each pyrolysis section temperature, rate of rise, heat preservation time, furnace pressure, furnace atmosphere can be independently controlled, correspond pyrolysis product independent recovery or some temperature zone combination are retrieved.
The solid waste pyrolysis process method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects in the figure 1 comparing the pyrolysis states of the prior art and the technology of the invention:
a) according to different composition and pyrolysis properties of solid waste raw materials, cracking can be carried out in different temperature stages, particularly long-time heat preservation operation can be carried out in the most needed temperature range, an ideal cracking product is obtained, the cracking process is controllable, the energy cost of the obtained product is low, the product purity is high, and solid waste conversion is relatively thorough.
b) The solid waste is recycled in a segmented manner, energy waste caused by subsequent reheating is avoided, reduction or loss of economic value caused by further decomposition of products is also avoided, and the resource utilization rate of a solid waste treatment link is improved.
c) The solid waste is pyrolyzed under the anaerobic condition, no harmful toxic substance dioxin is synthesized, and no toxic carcinogenic substance dioxin is generated to pollute the environment.
d) The environmental protection index reaches the national relevant standard requirement, the product has huge market capacity, higher market demand and higher economic benefit.
e) The automation degree is high, the working environment is good, and the operator can not be adversely affected.
f) The pyrolysis technology adopts anaerobic operation, so that the oxidation resistance of the materials is greatly improved, the pyrolysis product contains rich forms from gas state, liquid state to solid state, and the resource degree is improved.
Other characteristic features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments in the embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to indicate like elements. The drawings in the following description are directed to some, but not all embodiments of the invention. For a person skilled in the art, other figures can be derived from these figures without inventive effort.
FIG. 1: comparison of pyrolysis states of the prior art and the present invention
FIG. 2: is a structural block diagram of the solid waste pyrolysis process method
FIG. 3: the invention relates to a solid waste monomer pyrolysis process
FIG. 4: the invention relates to a solid waste stepping pyrolysis process
FIG. 5: the invention relates to a solid waste continuous pyrolysis treatment process.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
For further understanding of the present invention, the solid waste pyrolysis process provided by the present invention is illustrated below with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of the solid waste pyrolysis process method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out material pretreatment on the solid waste;
s2: sending the pretreated solid waste into a pyrolysis device for temperature-section-divided temperature control pyrolysis treatment;
s3: respectively setting the temperature control time of each temperature section of the pyrolysis device according to different pyrolyzed materials;
s4: and respectively collecting and processing pyrolysis products generated in the pyrolysis treatment process, and respectively and independently collecting and processing gas, solid and liquid products generated in the pyrolysis treatment process according to the properties of the products.
In this technical scheme, at first need carry out preliminary treatment to solid useless, preliminary treatment can include treatments such as screening, classification, fragmentation, pH value adjustment, catalyst addition in step S1, and the screening process is including getting rid of debris plastics, glass, stone and metal, gets rid of the material that is heated and is difficult for the schizolysis and does not need resourceful treatment' S material, and the classification includes and divide into a plurality of classification with solid useless thermal cracking characteristic according to solid useless, and the fragmentation is handled including processing solid useless for the less granule that suitably handles the pyrolysis of diameter. Screening, classification and fragmentation are handled classification that can be better, in order to reduce the too big uneven heat that receives of raw materials, to the influence of pyrolysis process, can improve the efficiency of pyrolysis after the breakage refines, reduce the loss of the energy, the subsequent pyrolysis step of being convenient for. The pH is adjusted to reduce or avoid corrosion of the equipment by the material. The catalyst is added to adjust the thermal decomposition temperature of the material.
The classification may include classifying the solid waste into one or more of domestic waste, agriculture and forestry solid waste, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, hazardous solid waste, mineralized waste, and industrial solid waste.
The pyrolysis technology in the technical scheme requires that the pyrolysis process is decomposed according to the temperature. It is known that the pyrolysis temperature of different organics is different and the product is also different. For example, the initial pyrolysis temperature of cellulose is 180-. Therefore, in the pyrolysis process for resource recycling, the temperature parameters should be firstly separated, different substances are pyrolyzed at different temperatures, and resource recycling is performed in the temperature interval, so that various pyrolysis products with higher economic value are obtained. Therefore, the temperature required by the specific solid waste pyrolysis raw material in the technical scheme is not described in detail in an example.
The specific implementation process of the organic solid waste comprises the following steps that the temperature of the first pyrolysis treatment process or the first pyrolysis device is T1Pyrolysis time of t1(ii) a The temperature of the second pyrolysis treatment process or the second pyrolysis apparatus is T2Pyrolysis time of t2(ii) a The temperature of the third pyrolysis treatment process or the third pyrolysis device is T3Pyrolysis time of t3(ii) a The temperature of the fourth pyrolysis treatment process or the fourth pyrolysis unit is greater than T4Pyrolysis time of t4… the temperature of the Nth pyrolysis treatment or the fourth pyrolysis unit is greater than Tn,Pyrolysis time of tn. The temperature zone pyrolysis treatment in step S2 of the waste pyrolysis process includes: sending the pretreated solid waste into a collectionThe pyrolysis device carries out corresponding atmosphere control according to different chemical properties of pyrolysis materials, in specific implementation, when pyrolysis raw materials are fixed, the corresponding atmosphere control comprises temperature control of the pyrolysis raw materials in different temperature sections and one or more of temperature rise and heat preservation time of the temperature sections, furnace pressure control, atmosphere control and the like, and pyrolysis products in the temperature sections respectively enter corresponding post-treatment devices to be recycled. The process has the advantages of low investment cost and simple process.
The temperature zone pyrolysis treatment in the solid waste pyrolysis process method step S2 includes: sending the pretreated solid waste into a centralized pyrolysis device, wherein the centralized pyrolysis device comprises a first pyrolysis treatment process, a second pyrolysis treatment process … … Nth pyrolysis treatment process, N is a natural number greater than 1, in the step S2, the temperature-section-based temperature-controlled pyrolysis treatment is performed, the temperature of the pyrolysis device in the pyrolysis treatment process is a first temperature section, a second temperature section … … Nth temperature section, and N is a natural number greater than 1, wherein the heat preservation temperature in the pyrolysis treatment process is determined as T by the property of the solid waste1、T2……TN. The holding time is determined by the properties of the solid waste t1 and t2 … … tN according to the properties of the solid waste to be pyrolyzed.
In a first scheme, the pyrolyzed material in the temperature section of the S2 pyrolysis is fixed in a container with a single cavity in the pyrolysis process, the material is not conveyed, the pyrolyzed material is heated at a fixed position, and the material is gradually heated and held for a certain time in the temperature sections, in specific implementation, when the pyrolyzed raw material is fixed, corresponding atmosphere control comprises controlling the temperature of the material in the temperature sections and one or more of temperature rise and holding time, furnace pressure control, atmosphere control and the like in the temperature sections, and corresponding recovery modes are adopted according to different properties of the pyrolysis products of the pyrolyzed material in the corresponding temperature sections;
as shown in fig. 4, the second embodiment of the temperature-staged pyrolysis treatment in step S2 may further include: the pretreated solid waste sequentially passes through a stepping pyrolysis device, a pyrolysis material stepping conveying heating mode is adopted, materials respectively pass through a first pyrolysis device, a second pyrolysis device … … and an Nth pyrolysis device according to a certain beat, N is a natural number larger than 1, in the specific implementation, when pyrolysis raw materials are fixed, corresponding atmosphere control comprises temperature section control of the temperature and one or more of temperature rise and heat preservation time of the temperature section, furnace pressure control, atmosphere control and the like, each step adopts corresponding temperature section and heat preservation time according to inherent properties of the pyrolysis materials, and each temperature section or a plurality of temperature sections correspond to a set of corresponding recovery method. The splitting of the pyrolysis process is carried out in different pyrolysis devices, different pyrolysis devices are respectively regulated and controlled, pyrolysis treatment is carried out while staged, the working efficiency is improved, the conversion efficiency is high, and the conversion is more thorough.
As shown in fig. 5, meanwhile, the pyrolysis treatment in the temperature section in step S2 may further include: the pretreated solid waste sequentially passes through a continuous pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis device is a continuous pyrolysis device, a pyrolysis material is conveyed forwards continuously, the continuous pyrolysis section can be divided into a first pyrolysis section and a second pyrolysis section … … Nth pyrolysis section, N is a natural number larger than 1, the number of N is determined according to pyrolysis temperature and reaction time according to the property of the solid waste, each conveying stage adopts corresponding temperature division sections and heat preservation time according to the property of the pyrolysis material, in specific implementation, when the pyrolysis raw material is fixed, corresponding atmosphere control comprises temperature division section control of the temperature, temperature rise and heat preservation time of the temperature division sections, one or more of furnace pressure control, atmosphere control and the like, and the rest of control are controlled according to the same scheme I and scheme II. Preferably, the holding time t corresponding to the different temperature segments in S31To tnAre respectively and independently controlled.
Preferably: in a specific implementation process, the heating mode of the temperature zone for thermal cracking of S2 can be one or more of electric heating, gas heating, microwave heating, induction heating and plasma heating according to the process requirements and the type of pyrolysis raw material.
Further, in order to promote the progress of the pyrolysis process, pressure regulation operations of pressurization, depressurization, and evacuation may be considered.
In the temperature section of the thermal cracking of the S2, the heating atmosphere can be controlled according to the process requirements of the pyrolysis material, and the atmosphere can be one or more of inert gas or other gases added by the process requirements. In special cases, methods such as atmosphere control and catalyst addition are also conceivable.
Since different solid wastes have different thermal cracking properties, the thermal cracking temperature and reaction time are different, but as long as the solid wastes which are easily cracked and separated by heating are in the scope of the application, organic solid wastes are intensively studied, and the organic solid wastes include domestic wastes (such as town domestic wastes), kitchen wastes, crop straws such as: wheat straw, rice straw, various plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, crops, grains, oil plants and the like, wherein the processing byproducts are as follows: bagasse, rice hulls, corncobs, vinasse, coconut shells, various shells, seed shells, melon seed shells, fruit residues, mildewed grains and animal carcasses, and forest by-products such as: wood chips, branches and leaves, and other biomass materials, materials formed from any mixture of one or more of organic-containing construction and construction solid waste (e.g., bituminous construction or road solid waste), organic-containing industrial biomass (e.g., pharmaceutical plants, chemical plant solid waste). Wherein, the domestic garbage is preferably aged domestic garbage, and the low water content characteristic and the characteristic that the decomposed organic matters are easier to pyrolyze can improve the pyrolysis efficiency and value. The organic matter in biomass can be divided into natural and synthetic organic matter. The natural organic matter at least comprises various biomasses formed by different mixing ratios of rubber, wood, paper, protein, starch, cellulose, wheat straw, waste oil and fat, sludge and the like, and the method is suitable for the pyrolysis process.
In relation to whether the material is transported and moved in the corresponding cavity or not in the pyrolysis process of the pyrolysis material in the above embodiment, in the step S2, the pyrolysis device controls the atmosphere separately and independently in a segmented manner according to the solid waste characteristics and adopts the corresponding pyrolysis device in the independent recovery manner corresponding to the pyrolysis product.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as the pyrolysis device with a single cavity, if the material does not need to be treatedThe single-cavity pyrolysis device has the advantages that the cavity can independently control the atmosphere in a segmented manner according to solid waste characteristics, and independently control one or more of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, heat preservation time, hearth pressure and hearth atmosphere, for example, a certain solid waste raw material needs pyrolysis treatment, and the pyrolysis temperature corresponds to T1, T2 and T3 … … TN according to material properties, so that the temperature heating control system arranged on the cavity controls the heat preservation time to be T by the time control system when the material in the cavity is heated to the temperature of T1 to T according to the properties1,To tn，And the pyrolysis products adopt corresponding recovery systems respectively according to the properties of the pyrolysis products, and each temperature interval corresponds to an independent recovery system.
Preferably, the pyrolysis device is a step-by-step pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis device includes a first pyrolysis device, a second pyrolysis device … … nth pyrolysis device, N is a natural number greater than 1, wherein the number of N is determined according to pyrolysis temperature and reaction time according to the nature of solid waste, the nth pyrolysis device independently controls atmosphere, and a corresponding independent recovery mode or a partial combined recovery mode is adopted according to actual composition corresponding to a pyrolysis product.
Preferably, the pyrolysis apparatus is a continuous pyrolysis apparatus, the continuous pyrolysis section may be divided into a first pyrolysis section, a second pyrolysis section … …, where N is a natural number greater than 1, the number of N is determined according to pyrolysis temperature and reaction time and according to properties of solid waste, the nth pyrolysis section independently controls atmosphere, and the corresponding independent recovery manner or partial combined recovery manner is adopted according to actual composition of the pyrolysis product.
Preferably, the independently controlled atmosphere is one or more of independently controlled pyrolysis temperature, temperature rise rate, holding time, hearth pressure and hearth atmosphere.
In the above embodiment: the process parameters (temperature, time, concentration, etc.) and the amounts of the components in each step are within the range, and any point can be applicable.
The above-described aspects may be implemented individually or in various combinations, and such variations are within the scope of the present invention.
In this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element.
The above embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and it should be understood that the present invention is to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A process method for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: carrying out material pretreatment on the solid waste;
s2: sending the pretreated solid waste into a pyrolysis device for temperature-section-divided temperature control pyrolysis treatment;
s3: respectively setting the heat preservation time of each temperature section of the pyrolysis device according to the different materials to be pyrolyzed;
s4: and respectively recovering and treating pyrolysis products generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
2. The process of controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the temperature zone of the thermal cracking of S2 is heated by the pyrolysis material at a fixed position according to the transportation mode, and is gradually heated and maintained for a certain time in different temperature zones, and according to the different properties of the pyrolysis products of the pyrolysis material in the corresponding temperature zones, the corresponding independent recovery method or the combination of several temperature zones is adopted;
or the step-by-step conveying and heating mode of the pyrolysis material is adopted, each step adopts corresponding temperature division and heat preservation time according to the pyrolysis material, and each temperature division is independent in recovery method or a combination of several temperature division in recovery method;
or a mode of continuously conveying and advancing the pyrolysis material is adopted, each conveying stage adopts corresponding temperature sections and heat preservation time according to the properties of the pyrolysis material, and each temperature section is an independent recovery method or a combined recovery method of a plurality of temperature sections.
3. The process method for the controlled pyrolysis of the organic solid waste according to claim 2, wherein the temperature-section-divided temperature-controlled pyrolysis treatment in the step S2 comprises a first temperature section and an nth temperature section … …, wherein N is a natural number greater than 1, and the holding temperature in the pyrolysis treatment process is determined as T from the property of the solid waste1、T2……TN。
4. The process of controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes according to claim 2, wherein said pyrolysis treatment in said temperature-divided sections in step S2 is performed by controlling the temperature-increasing rate according to the material to be pyrolyzed.
5. The process of claim 2, wherein the holding time t corresponding to different temperature ranges in S3 is the same as the holding time t corresponding to different temperature ranges in S31To tnAre respectively and independently controlled.
6. The process of controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thermal cracking of S2 is carried out by one or more of electric heating, microwave heating, induction heating and plasma heating according to the process requirement.
7. The process of controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said different temperature stages of the thermal cracking at S2 can be respectively operated by one of the auxiliary pressure-regulating methods of pressurization, depressurization and evacuation.
8. The process of controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the temperature zone of the thermal cracking of S2, the heating atmosphere can be controlled separately according to the process requirements of the pyrolysis materials, and the atmosphere can be one or more of inert gases or other gases added by the process.
9. The pyrolysis apparatus for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pyrolysis apparatus in step S2 is a pyrolysis apparatus capable of controlling atmosphere separately and independently in stages according to solid waste characteristics and adopting the corresponding independent recovery manner corresponding to the pyrolysis products.
10. The pyrolysis device for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid waste according to claim 9, wherein the pyrolysis device is a single-cavity pyrolysis device, the cavity of the pyrolysis device can be used for controlling atmosphere independently in a segmented manner according to solid waste characteristics, and the corresponding independent recovery mode is adopted corresponding to pyrolysis products.
11. The pyrolysis device for the controlled pyrolysis of organic solid waste according to claim 9, wherein the pyrolysis device is a step pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis device comprises a first pyrolysis device, a second pyrolysis device … …, N is a natural number greater than 1, N is a natural number, N is determined according to pyrolysis temperature and reaction time according to the nature of solid waste, the N pyrolysis device independently controls atmosphere, and corresponding independent recovery mode is adopted according to pyrolysis products.
12. The pyrolysis apparatus for controlled pyrolysis of organic solid waste according to claim 9, wherein the pyrolysis apparatus is a continuous pyrolysis apparatus, the continuous pyrolysis section can be divided into a first pyrolysis section and a second pyrolysis section … … N pyrolysis section, N is a natural number greater than 1, wherein N is determined according to pyrolysis temperature and reaction time according to the nature of solid waste, the N pyrolysis section independently controls atmosphere, and the corresponding independent recovery mode is adopted according to the pyrolysis product.
13. The pyrolysis device for the controlled pyrolysis of organic solid wastes according to one of the claims 9 to 12, wherein the independently controlled atmosphere is one or more of independently controlled pyrolysis temperature, temperature rise rate, holding time, furnace pressure and furnace atmosphere.
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