CN111195117B - 一种基于多延迟多参数非造影磁共振脑血灌注成像的方法 - Google Patents
一种基于多延迟多参数非造影磁共振脑血灌注成像的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种多延迟多参数脑灌注成像技术。与现有技术相比，本发明提高CBF量化的准确性，可成像多数血流动力学参数（ATT，CBF和aCBV），更好地观察侧支血流以及减少扫描时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械影像领域，具体涉及一种基于多延迟多参数非造影磁共振脑血灌注成像的方法。
背景技术
通过评估脑内血管动态流量模式可以对某些临床适应症进行检测和诊断，如短暂性脑缺血发作动（TIA）或急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者的脑血灌注不足。
灌注计算机断层成像术（CTPI）和动态磁敏感对比增强灌注成像（DSC-PWI）可以算出各种脑血灌注参数：脑血流量（CBF）、动脉脑血容量（aCBV）及动脉通过时间（ATT）。成像的参数可用于诊断临床的脑灌注障碍，然而，这些成像技术存在某些缺点，侵入式创伤、依赖于放射性物质、不良反应。
动脉自旋标记（ASL）技术可以在不使用造影剂的情况下测量脑血灌注。然而，ASL技术通常受限于低内在信噪比（SNR）的影响，需要多次平均并且将采集时间增加到几分钟，在此期间由运动或背景信号中的其他不稳定性引起的生理噪声可严重影响ASL测量的准确度和精确度。运动伪影的敏感性限制了ASL技术在不具备自持力或自持力较弱患者（如中风或痴呆患者）中的使用。
因此，需要提高ASL技术信噪比以缩短扫描时间，以及提高测量精度，并降低患者的负担。
发明内容
发明目的：针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种多延迟多参数脑灌注成像技术。
技术方案：一种多延迟多参数脑灌注成像技术，该技术包括优化准连续动脉自旋标记（pCASL）扫描序列、后期处理以及取得多参数的算法。
所述优化pCASL可以进行多标签后延迟（PLD）pCASL扫描并且搭配背景抑制及3D梯度自旋回波读数。
所述后期处理可以对ASL图像进行运动校正，在标签和对照图像之间成对减去，然后平均以分别为每个PLD生成平均差异图像。
所述多参数的算法包括ATT、CBF及aCBV。首先从差异图像计算加权延迟（WD），并根据WD和ATT之间的理论关系转换成ATT。让后从每个PLD算出相应的CBF。最后aCBV由ATT和平均CBF的乘积算出。
有益效果：与现有ASL技术相比，本发明提高CBF量化的准确性，可成像多个血流动力学参数（ATT，CBF和aCBV），更好地观察侧支血流以及减少扫描时间。
附图说明
图1为本发明的扫描序列。
图2为本发明的多参数的算法。
图3为本发明的WD和ATT之间的理论关系。
具体实施方案
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等同变换均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。
如图1，以5重多延迟磁共振成像（MRI）序列作为多延迟MRI序列的示例。MRI序列包括预标记饱和脉冲，预标记背景抑制脉冲，准连续动脉自旋标记（pCASL）脉冲，5个连续背景抑制脉冲，如本申请中定义的后标记延迟（PLD）和3D体积读数。标记脉冲的持续时间可在1.00~2.00s之间。5个连续背景抑制脉冲可以在标记脉冲后0.25~3.00s之间的任何时间点发生，脉冲之间至少间隔250ms。
如上所述的MRI序列的示例性实施例还可以包括：读出时间为500ms，TR为4000ms，FOV为22cm，64×64体素矩阵，16×8mm切片，速率-2 GRAPPA，TE为22 ms，每对延迟8对标签和控制，总扫描时间为4分30秒。
如上所述的MRI序列可以任意调整，但是总扫描时间短于10分便可以获取高质量数据。
一旦如上所述在MRI序列之后获得pCASL图像，则对pCASL图像进行运动校正，在标签和对照图像之间成对减去，然后平均以分别生成每个PLD的平均差异图像。
如图2，以5重延迟pCASL的后处理步骤作为多延迟pCASL后处理步骤的示例。 将PLD的每个平均图像ΔM（i）插入公式1中以计算加权延迟（WD）。
其中w（i）是PLD（= 1.5 / 2 / 2.5 / 3 / 3.5 s）。基于WD和动脉转运时间（ATT）之间的理论关系计算ATT将在本申请中稍后描述。
每个PLD的脑血流量（CBF）f（i）由公式2计算。
其中R1a（= 1.5s-1 或 = 0.61s-1，在1.5或 3 T）是血液的纵向弛豫率，M0是脑组织的平衡磁化强度，α（= 0.8）是标记效率，τ（= 1.5 s）是标记脉冲的持续时间，λ（= 0.9g /ml）是血液/组织水分配系数。最终的CBF是每个PLD的估计CBF的平均值。
最后，通过公式3，乘法，计算动脉脑血容量（aCBV）。
aCBV = CBF ⋅ ATT 公式3
如图3所示，说明了WD和ATT之间的理论关系。
本发明提出一种多延迟多参数脑灌注成像技术。与现有技术相比，本发明提高CBF量化的准确性，可成像多数血流动力学参数（ATT，CBF和aCBV），更好地观察侧支血流以及减少扫描时间。
Claims (5)
1.一种多延迟多参数脑灌注成像方法，该方法包括优化准连续动脉自旋标记(pCASL)扫描序列、后期处理以及取得多参数的算法，其扫描序列特征在于：
所述扫描序列含预标记饱和脉冲；
所述扫描序列含预标记背景抑制脉冲；
所述扫描序列含准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲；
所述扫描序列中预标记饱和脉冲、预标记背景抑制脉冲和准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲的发射顺序依次为预标记饱和脉冲、预标记背景抑制脉冲和准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲；
所述扫描序列含多个连续背景抑制(PLD)脉冲；多个连续背景抑制脉冲在准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲后0.25～10.00s之间的任何时间点发生，多个连续背景抑制脉冲之间至少间隔0.25s；多个连续背景抑制脉冲数量为5，5个连续背景抑制脉冲的发生时间依次为1.5s、2s、2.5s、3s和3.5s；
所述扫描序列含3D体积读数。
2.如权利要求1所述的多延迟多参数脑灌注成像方法，其特征在于：
准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲的持续时间可在1.00～2.00s之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的多延迟多参数脑灌注成像方法，其特征在于：
总扫描时间短于10分种。
4.一种多延迟多参数脑灌注成像方法，该方法包括优化准连续动脉自旋标记(pCASL)扫描序列、后期处理以及取得多参数的算法，其扫描序列特征在于：
所述扫描序列含预标记饱和脉冲；
所述扫描序列含预标记背景抑制脉冲；
所述扫描序列含准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲；
所述扫描序列中预标记饱和脉冲、预标记背景抑制脉冲和准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲的发射顺序依次为预标记饱和脉冲、预标记背景抑制脉冲和准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲；
所述扫描序列含多个连续背景抑制(PLD)脉冲；多个连续背景抑制脉冲在准连续动脉自旋标记脉冲后0.25～10.00s之间的任何时间点发生，多个连续背景抑制脉冲之间至少间隔0.25s，多个连续背景抑制脉冲数量为5，5个连续背景抑制脉冲的发生时间依次为1.5s、2s、2.5s、3s和3.5s；
所述扫描序列含3D体积读数；
其后处理算法特征在于：
所述后处理算法含从每一个PLD计算脑血流量(CBF)的算法；
所述后处理算法含从多个PLD计算加权延迟(WD)的算法；
所述后处理算法含从WD计算动脉转运时间(ATT)的算法；
所述后处理算法含从CBF和ATT计算动脉脑血容量(aCBV)的算法。
5.如权利要求4所述的多延迟多参数脑灌注成像方法，其特征在于：
计算脑血流量(CBF)的算法中的R1a是血液的纵向弛豫率，在1.5T或3T，R1a＝1.5s-1或R1a＝0.61s-1，M0是脑组织的平衡磁化强度，α是标记效率，α＝0.8，τ是标记脉冲的持续时间，τ＝1.5s，λ是血液/组织水分配系数，λ＝0.9g/ml。
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