CN111193559B - Design and debugging method of special-shaped reference ring - Google Patents
Design and debugging method of special-shaped reference ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN111193559B CN111193559B CN202010062178.4A CN202010062178A CN111193559B CN 111193559 B CN111193559 B CN 111193559B CN 202010062178 A CN202010062178 A CN 202010062178A CN 111193559 B CN111193559 B CN 111193559B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/59—Responders; Transponders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing and debugging a special-shaped reference ring, which comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the size of the reference ring according to the measured special-shaped transponder, wherein the size of the reference ring is determined to be consistent with that of the transponder, manufacturing two copper rings with double outputs according to the size, and measuring the inductance value C of the whole copper ringA(ii) a Secondly, uniformly cutting the copper ring to ensure that the magnetic field is uniformly distributed, namely, the length of each section of copper bar is basically consistent, the length of a single section of copper bar cannot exceed 300mm, and the copper ring is not cut at a corner; thirdly, tuning is carried out, and a tuning circuit of each frequency point is equivalent to
Wherein
Only the capacitor C is adjusted, and the capacitance value C is adjusted according to the required resonant frequency; by the method, the special-shaped reference ring for various special-shaped transponders can be manufactured, and the calibration requirement of the special-shaped transponders is met; and the tuning step of the reference ring simplifies the tuning circuit and the debugging step of the existing reference ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of railway communication signals, in particular to a reference ring for expanding a reference area.
Background
The reference ring is a ring-shaped conductor that surrounds the active reference area and is a calibration tool that coincides with the transponder reference area. Mainly to calibrate the transponder's uplink and radio frequency field consistency, input-output characteristics, and uplink characteristics. The transponders applied to the current railway can be divided into standard-size transponders and large-size transponders according to the standard TB/T3544, and the transponders have corresponding reference ring manufacturing standards. However, at present, a wake-up transponder, called an extended transponder, which is set in a wake-up area for realizing the unmanned sleep wake-up function in the CBTC mode does not have an applicable extended reference ring. For the transponder-dependent testing of the extended transponder, a corresponding test tool, i.e. a reference ring, is required.
In addition, the tuning circuit of the existing reference ring has high adjusting difficulty and complicated debugging steps. And the abnormal-shaped reference ring needs two groups of capacitors, and a simpler and more accurate tuning circuit is needed to ensure the accuracy of the resonance point of the reference ring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method of a reference ring of an extended reference area, which can meet the calibration requirements of an extended transponder and can also meet the design requirements of calibration reference rings of other various special transponders.
The invention provides a method for designing and debugging a special-shaped reference ring, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the size of the reference ring according to the measured special-shaped transponder, determining the size of the reference ring to be consistent with the size of the transponder in order to ensure that the magnetic field distribution of the reference ring simulates the magnetic field distribution of the transponder as much as possible, manufacturing two copper rings with double outputs according to the size, and measuring the inductance value C of the whole copper ringA；
Secondly, uniformly cutting the copper ring to ensure that the magnetic field is uniformly distributed, namely, the length of each section of copper bar is basically consistent, the length of a single section of copper bar cannot exceed 300mm, and the copper ring is not cut at a corner; according to the formula
Wherein m represents the number of cutting segments, X represents the length of the special-shaped reference ring side, B represents the length of each segment after cutting, and a is a variable parameter and is determined according to the sizes of different special-shaped reference rings; according to the sizes of different special-shaped transponders, the number of copper bar sections and the size of the copper bar corresponding to the special-shaped reference ring can be determined by using the calculation formula;
thirdly, tuning is carried out, the special-shaped reference ring adopts double-frequency point double-ring output, and a tuning circuit of each frequency point is equivalent to be
Wherein
Only the capacitor C is adjusted, and the capacitance value C is adjusted according to the required resonant frequency;
by the method, the special-shaped reference ring for various special-shaped transponders can be manufactured, and the calibration requirement of the special-shaped transponders is met; and the tuning step of the reference ring simplifies the tuning circuit and the debugging step of the existing reference ring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the design method of the reference ring can meet the structural design requirement of the special-shaped reference ring on one hand, simplifies the debugging step of the existing reference ring on the other hand, and can be used for the calibration work of special-shaped transponders including extended transponders. For an extended transponder, the consistency of uplink signals and radio frequency energy and the input and output characteristics of the extended transponder can be calibrated through the reference ring; in addition, the invention provides a novel reference ring circuit design, which can simplify the calibration steps of the existing reference ring.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a copper bar structure of a prior art reduced size reference ring.
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a copper bar structure with a standard size reference ring.
Fig. 2a is a schematic view of the copper bar structure of the profiled size reference ring of the present invention.
Fig. 2b is an illustration of the dimensions of the rectangular copper bars in the profiled dimension reference ring of the present invention.
Fig. 2c is an illustration of the dimensions of the straight copper bars in the profiled dimension reference ring of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the present invention for a reference ring for an extended transponder design.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the manner in which the copper bars of the reference ring of the present invention are connected.
Fig. 5a is a tuned equivalent circuit of an existing reference loop.
Figure 5b is a tuned equivalent circuit of the profiled reference ring of the present invention.
Fig. 6a is a schematic structural diagram of a triangular profile reference ring.
Figure 6b is a diagram illustrating the dimensions of the rounded copper bars for the triangular profiled reference ring.
Fig. 6c is a dimension explanatory view of the straight copper bar of the triangular profile reference ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is apparent that the embodiments described below are not all embodiments. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are provided herein for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting.
The reference ring is an annular structure surrounding a specific effective reference region, and needs to be tuned in order to improve measurement accuracy, reduce sensitivity to an electric field, and make a current path be an edge of the reference region. The reference loop needs to be tuned in two frequency bands, and in order to calibrate the radio frequency energy required by the transponder when working, the reference loop needs to be tuned at 27.095 MHz; the reference loop is tuned at 4.23MHz when used to generate a magnetic field equivalent to the transponder output. Here, tuning means that the input reactance of the reference loop is minimized (i.e., close to zero).
There are two types of existing reference rings, one standard size reference ring and one large size reference ring, as specified in standard TB/T3544. The reference ring is a standard ring-like structure fabricated to simulate a transponder and therefore should have dimensions substantially identical to those of the simulated transponder. Wherein, the standard TB/T3544 defines two reference ring sizes corresponding to the existing transponder, and the reference ring of the standard size is composed of 4 sections of two completely-named solid right-angle copper bars (namely, indicated by arrows in figure 1 a) and is suitable for the transponder of the standard size; the large-size reference ring is composed of 8 sections of solid copper bars (indicated by arrows in figure 1 b) which are symmetrical pairwise, comprises 4 sections of completely symmetrical right-angle copper bars and 4 sections of completely symmetrical straight copper bars, and is suitable for large-size transponders. In addition, the lengths of the copper bars in the figures are only schematic and do not represent actual length ratios.
However, for a transponder profile, such as an extended transponder, there is currently no reference ring for which it is suitable, i.e. it is not possible to perform the necessary reference area calibration work on it. And the extension transponder plays an important role in the aspects of train warehousing, fixed-position parking and the like.
In addition, the tuning method of the existing reference loop is to tune under two frequencies of 27.095MHz and 4.23MHz, the circuit is complex, the debugging difficulty is large, and great uncertainty exists. The existing resonant circuit (as shown in FIG. 5 a) is an integration of the 4M and 27M tuned circuits by selecting C with negligible resistance at low frequencies2And C with negligible resistance at high frequencies1Achieving 4M and 27M resonance. By selecting such components, 4M resonant frequency equivalent formula
27M resonant frequency equivalent formula
It can be seen from the formula that the tuning circuit shares the inductors L1 and L2, the inductance value needs to be adjusted by considering the resonance point of two frequencies in the tuning process, and the difficulty in selecting components and tuning is high.
The invention is innovative from two aspects of reference ring structure design and tuning circuit design.
The method comprises the steps of designing the special-shaped reference ring, determining the size of the reference ring according to the special-shaped transponder to be tested, and determining the size of the reference ring to be consistent with the size of the transponder in order to ensure that the magnetic field distribution of the reference ring simulates the magnetic field distribution of the transponder as much as possible. Two copper rings with double outputs are manufactured according to the above, and the inductance value C of the whole copper ring is measuredA. Secondly, according to the cutting method provided by the invention, in order to ensure the uniform distribution of the magnetic field, uniform cutting is required, namely the lengths of each section of copper bar are basically consistent; the length of the single-section copper bar cannot exceed 300 mm; no cutting is made at the corners. According to the formula
Wherein m represents the number of cutting segments, X represents the length of the side of the heterotype reference ring, and B represents the cuttingThe length of each rear section, a, is a variable parameter and is determined according to the sizes of different special-shaped reference rings. The third step is tuning, the special-shaped reference ring of the invention adopts double-frequency point double-ring output, and the tuning circuit of each frequency point is equivalent to a double-frequency point double-ring output
Wherein
Only the capacitance C may be adjusted. According to the three design steps, the special-shaped reference ring for various special-shaped transponders can be made, and the calibration requirements of the special-shaped transponders are met; and the reference ring adjusting circuit and the adjusting steps are simplified, the debugging difficulty is reduced, and the debugging scheme is optimized.
In the design process of the reference ring structure, firstly, the symmetry and the uniformity of a magnetic field generated by the reference ring are considered, and in order to ensure that the magnetic field is uniformly distributed according to the shape of the reference ring, the copper bar needs to be uniformly split, namely, the length of each section is as consistent as possible. Secondly, considering the feasibility of the tuning of the resonance point, the length of the single-section copper strip cannot be too long or too short, and the reactance value of the copper strip is too large due to the fact that the length of the single-section copper strip is too long, so that the value of the resonance point cannot be ensured; too short leads to the increase of the printed circuit board connected with the copper bar, and the capacitance value of a single circuit board is too small and has low precision, so that the debugging process is complicated.
The cutting standard of the invention is that the cutting is not carried out at the corner, and the cutting at the corner can cause difficult connection of the printed circuit board. Secondly, the length of the single-section copper bar cannot exceed 300mm, the accuracy of parameters of resonance points in the whole tuning process of the reference ring is considered by measuring the inductance values of the copper bars with different shapes and different lengths, and the length of the single-section copper bar is not more than 300mm in the design process of the reference ring. Because the perimeter of each special-shaped reference ring is uncertain, the minimum length of a single reference ring is not required, and the special-shaped reference ring can be flexibly adjusted according to different special-shaped rings.
In the design process of the reference loop tuning circuit, the existing double-frequency point single-loop output is designed into double-frequency point double-loop output. Namely, two copper rings with the same structure are superposed together (a side view is shown in fig. 4), and the two copper rings respectively reach the resonance requirements of 27MHz and 4MHz through the adjustment of component values of different circuit boards. The distance d between the two copper rings can be freely adjusted according to the actual packaging structure. According to the scheme, an existing double-frequency-point tuning circuit can be simplified (as shown in fig. 5 a), and the optimized single-frequency-point tuning circuit only needs to adjust a corresponding single capacitance value in each loop (as shown in fig. 5 b). In the optimized equivalent circuit, the inductance value of each segment of coaxial line after cutting is equivalent to L (shown as the inductance L in fig. 5 b), and the capacitance value (shown as the capacitance C in fig. 5 b) is adjusted according to the required resonant frequency. The scheme optimizes the connection mode of the existing tuning circuit and improves the complex procedure that two frequency points need to be tuned in the existing tuning process.
The design method of the reference ring of the extended reference area can meet the requirement of the reference area of the special-shaped transponder on size design. According to the sizes of different special-shaped transponders, the number of copper bar sections and the size of the copper bar corresponding to the special-shaped reference ring can be determined by using the calculation formula of the invention.
One embodiment of the reference ring fabrication for an extended transponder is as follows:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a quadrilateral reference ring structure is shown in figure 2 a. X and Y represent the length and width dimensions of the reference ring, respectively, and the profiled reference ring is composed of a plurality of solid copper rings, including 4 completely symmetrical right-angle copper bars (indicated by arrows in fig. 2 a), and a plurality of straight copper bars (indicated by m1 and m2 in fig. 2 a). Wherein the number of the straight copper bars on the reference ring width side (i.e. Y in FIG. 2 a) is m1, and the number of the straight copper bars on the long side (i.e. X in FIG. 2 a) is m 2. The invention defines the following formulas of the number m1 and m2 of the straight-line copper bars:
the 4-section completely symmetrical right-angle copper bar is shown in fig. 2b, and since the 4-section completely symmetrical structure is consistent in size, only one of the two is drawn in the figure for explanation. The length and width dimensions of the right angle copper bar are denoted by a and B, respectively.
The plurality of straight copper bars are shown in fig. 2c, and since the straight copper bars are of structures with completely consistent sizes, only one of the straight copper bars is drawn in the figure for description. The length of the straight copper bar is denoted by C.
Using the values of m1 and m2 of the present invention, a A, B, C value can be calculated. The following calculation formula is provided:
for example, an extended transponder currently in use on a railway has dimensions of 245mm wide and 950mm long, and the reference loop designed for such a transponder profile should have dimensions substantially corresponding to those of the transponder, i.e. the reference loop is also 245mm wide and 950mm long. Combining the calculation formula (1) and the calculation formula (2) of the present invention, m1 is 1, m2 is 2, a is 125mm, B is 173mm, and C is 298 mm. The system of equations is calculated as follows, and the deformed reference ring structure corresponding to the extended transponder is shown in fig. 3.
The extended reference ring fabricated in the first embodiment can be used for calibration work of the extended transponder.
Example two:
a triangular reference ring structure is shown in figure 6 a. The invention considers an equilateral triangle structure as an illustration, X represents the side length size of the triangle, and the special-shaped reference ring is composed of a plurality of solid copper rings, including 3 completely symmetrical round-corner copper strips (indicated by arrows in figure 6 a) and a plurality of straight copper strips (indicated by m1 in figure 6 a). Wherein, the number of the reference ring straight line copper bars is m1, and the following formula is defined:
the 3-section fully symmetrical fillet copper bar is shown in fig. 6b, and since the 3-section fully symmetrical structure is adopted and the sizes are consistent, only one of the 3-section fully symmetrical fillet copper bar is drawn in the figure for description. The side length of the rounded copper bar is represented by A.
The plurality of straight copper bars (as shown in fig. 6 c) are of a structure with completely consistent size, and only one of the straight copper bars is drawn in the figure for illustration. The length of the straight copper bar is represented by B.
Using the value of m1 of the present invention, a value of A, B can be calculated. The following calculation formula is provided:
by using the cutting principle mentioned in the present invention and the cutting cases listed in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the reference ring of the present invention can be applied to all the shaped reference rings with symmetrical shapes, including quadrangle, triangle, hexagon, etc. The invention does not provide for the enumeration of other shapes.
The invention optimizes the tuning circuit, solves the complexity of the prior double-frequency point debugging, simplifies the prior debugging circuit into a single LC resonance circuit, has simple debugging steps and stable circuit, and is suitable for the design of all reference ring tuning circuits.
Example three:
the special-shaped reference ring in the embodiment is two copper rings with the same structure, and the two copper rings respectively resonate at 27MHz and 4 MHz. The cut copper bars in each copper ring are connected by a printed circuit board (shown as a PCB in fig. 4). The resonant circuit of each circuit board is an LC resonant circuit (as shown in FIG. 5 b), and the equivalent resonant equations are all
The equivalent value of the inductor L (shown as the inductor L in fig. 5 b) is the inductance of the single-stage copper ring, the inductance of the whole copper ring before cutting can be measured first, and the single-stage inductance can be calculated according to the number of the cutting stages and is equivalent to the inductor L.
Wherein the capacitance value C (as shown by the capacitance C in fig. 5 b) tunes different inductance values according to the desired resonance point. Modulation was performed at the 27M loop and 4M loop, respectively.
The reference loop tuning optimization scheme of the third embodiment optimizes the equivalent circuit of the reference loop, simplifies tuning links, simplifies the debugging process into single-frequency tuning on the basis of the existing scheme, namely independently debugs the resonance points of 4M and 27M, reduces the debugging difficulty, simplifies the debugging steps, and simultaneously ensures the performance parameters of the reference loop.
The structural design method of the special-shaped reference ring is suitable for manufacturing reference rings with all shapes. The cutting requirements of the special-shaped reference ring copper bar of the invention meet the following three points: 1. in order to ensure the uniform distribution of the magnetic field shape, the length of each section of copper bar is consistent as much as possible; 2. considering the accuracy of the debugging of the resonance point, the reactance value of the single-section copper bar cannot be too large, and the length of the single-section copper bar cannot exceed 300 mm; 3. the feasibility of circuit board installation is guaranteed, and the copper bars are not cut at the corners. The reference loop of the invention adopts double-frequency point double-loop output to independently tune 4M and 27M, and each tuning formula is
Wherein
C is adjusted individually according to the resonance point. By the aid of the reference ring design scheme, special-shaped reference rings for various special-shaped transponders can be manufactured, and calibration requirements of the special-shaped transponders are met; the optimization of the reference ring tuning scheme simplifies the tuning circuit and the debugging steps of the existing reference ring, and greatly reduces the debugging difficulty.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present novel scheme, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present novel scheme. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the new scheme shall be included in the protection scope of the new scheme.
Claims (5)
1. A method for designing and debugging a special-shaped reference ring comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the size of the special-shaped reference ring according to the special-shaped transponder to be measured, in order to ensure that the magnetic field distribution of the special-shaped reference ring simulates the magnetic field distribution of the transponder as much as possible, determining the size of the reference ring to be consistent with the size of the transponder, manufacturing two copper rings with double outputs according to the size, and measuring the inductance value C of the whole copper ringA(ii) a The two copper rings with double outputs are two copper rings with the same structure and respectively resonate at 27MHz and 4 MHz;
secondly, uniformly cutting the copper ring to ensure uniform distribution of the magnetic field; namely, the length of each section of copper bar is basically consistent, the length of a single section of copper bar cannot exceed 300mm, and the cutting is not carried out at the corner; according to the formula
Wherein m represents the number of cutting segments, X represents the length of the special-shaped reference ring side, B represents the length of each segment after cutting, and a is a variable parameter and is determined according to the sizes of different special-shaped reference rings; according to the sizes of different special-shaped transponders, the number of copper bar sections and the size of the copper bar corresponding to the special-shaped reference ring can be determined by using the formula;
step three, tuning is carried out; the special-shaped reference ring adopts double-frequency point double-ring output, cutting copper bars in each copper ring are connected through a printed circuit board, a resonance circuit of each circuit board is an LC resonance circuit, and equivalent resonance formulas are all
Wherein, the inductance L equivalent value is the inductance value of the single-section copper ring, and the inductance value C of the whole copper ring before cutting can be measured firstlyACalculating the inductance value of a single segment according to the number of the cutting segments, and equivalently forming an inductor L, wherein
Only the capacitor C is adjusted, and the capacitance C is adjusted in a 27M ring and a 4M ring respectively according to different inductance values of the needed resonance frequency points;
by the method, the special-shaped reference ring for various special-shaped transponders can be manufactured, and the calibration requirement of the special-shaped transponders is met; and the tuning step of the reference ring simplifies the tuning circuit and the debugging step of the existing reference ring.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance d between the two copper rings is freely adjustable depending on the actual package structure.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein for an extended quadrilateral reference ring, X and Y represent the dimensions of the reference ring length and width, respectively, the reference ring profile is composed of a plurality of solid copper rings, including 4 perfectly symmetrical right-angle copper bars, and a plurality of linear copper bars, wherein the number of linear copper bars on the wide side of the reference ring is m1, and the number of linear copper bars on the long side is m 2;
the number m1 and m2 of the straight copper bars are as follows:
the length and width dimensions of the right-angle copper bar are represented by A and B, respectively, the length of the straight-line copper bar is represented by C, and the values of m1 and m2 obtained by applying the formula (1) are calculated as follows:
a value of A, B, C can be calculated;
the extended quadrilateral reference ring can be used for calibration work of the extended transponder.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the tuning process is simplified to single frequency tuning on an existing basis, i.e. tuning the resonance points of 4M and 27M separately.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the design and commissioning method is applicable to all symmetrically shaped profiled reference rings including quadrilateral, triangular, hexagonal.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101728642A (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-06-09 | 爱特梅尔汽车股份有限公司 | Circuit for loop antenna and method used for turning |
| CN108847867A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-20 | 北京交大思诺科技股份有限公司 | transponder signal simulator |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6253588B2 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2017-12-27 | テクノロギアン トゥトキムスケスクス ヴェーテーテー オイ | Antenna structure and RFID transponder system provided with antenna structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101728642A (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-06-09 | 爱特梅尔汽车股份有限公司 | Circuit for loop antenna and method used for turning |
| CN108847867A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-20 | 北京交大思诺科技股份有限公司 | transponder signal simulator |
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| Mutual Coupling Research of Multi-antenna in Dual-channel Balise;Linfu Zhu等;《2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems》;20151102;第2200-2204页 * |
| 应答器缩小尺寸参考环9 MHz参考场的计算;陈宏然;《铁路通信信号工程技术》;20170625;第107-108页 * |
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