CN111190687B - Method, device, equipment and storage medium for constructing container mirror image - Google Patents
Method, device, equipment and storage medium for constructing container mirror image Download PDFInfo
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- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for constructing a container mirror image, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving a Dockerfire creation instruction, and creating a first Dockerfire according to the Dockerfire creation instruction; merging the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile; creating a first container mirror image according to the first Dockerfile combined by the operation instructions; creating a first container from the first container image; controlling access to a container environment of the first container; acquiring a configuration file and a dependent file from a container environment of the first container, and forming a compressed file; controlling the container environment exiting the first container; modifying the basic mirror image in the first Dockerf file into a scratch empty mirror image, replacing the mirror image operation instruction in the first Dockerf file with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information to form a second Dockerf file; creating a second container mirror image according to the second Dockerfile; the method can effectively reduce the size of the mirror image of the container.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for constructing a container image.
Background
The Container technology (Linux Container) is a virtualization technology of an operating system layer with a lightweight kernel, and compared with the traditional virtualization (virtual machine) technology, the Container technology has the characteristics of extremely light weight, second-level deployment and easiness in transplanting (one-time construction and operation everywhere). The method can accelerate the application automation flow and application deployment operation of enterprise products, optimize the utilization rate and cost of the IT infrastructure of the enterprise, and accelerate the application architecture modernization process of the enterprise by using the micro-service based on the container, thereby comprehensively assisting the accelerated development of the IT of the enterprise.
The container image is made up of a series of read-only image layers, each of which contains only the incremental portion of the previous image layer. Creating a container through container mirroring creates a layer of readable and writable container layer on top of the original container mirroring layer. During use of the container, all operations on the container are actually operations on the container layer, and do not have any effect on the mirroring of the read-only portion.
Dockerfile: a text document containing commands for combining images. Dock may automatically generate a mirror image by reading an instruction in dock file: each instruction creates a layer of images, which in turn increases the overall size of the images. Dockerfile typically includes the following information: basic mirror information, mirror operation instructions, and container start-time execution instructions.
Currently, there are a typical Linux system image including a CentOS (image size of about 200M, for example, a CentOS version 7 has a size of 215M), ubuntu (image size of about 150M, for example, ubuntu trust version 188M), and Debian (image size of about 100M, for example, a Debian wheezy version has a size of 85M). When constructed by these base images, the constitution of the Dockerfile is as follows:
TABLE 1
In the "mirror image operation instruction" section of Dockerfile, since the mirror layers are superimposed stepwise, this results in that even mutually offset operation instructions result in an increase in the size of the container mirror image. For example, an instruction is executed to create a file of 50M, and then an instruction is executed to delete the file. This corresponds to no operation, but both instructions create a mirror layer, respectively, resulting in an increase in mirror size of at least 50M space.
Furthermore, the base image is typically larger: 100M-200M or so, resulting in the size of the finally created container image being at least larger than the size of the base image, i.e., the size of the container image created in this way being at least above 100M, can result in users taking up greater bandwidth and longer image transmission time when managing the container (e.g., creating containers, telescoping containers, etc.).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the container mirror image constructed by the prior art occupies a large space, the invention provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for constructing the container mirror image.
A method of constructing a container image, comprising:
receiving a Dockerfire creation instruction, and creating a first Dockerfire according to the Dockerfire creation instruction;
receiving a merging instruction, and merging the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction;
creating a first container mirror image according to the first Dockerfile combined by the operation instructions;
creating a first container from the first container image;
controlling access to a container environment of the first container;
acquiring a configuration file and a dependent file from a container environment of the first container, and forming a compressed file;
controlling the container environment exiting the first container;
modifying the first Dockerfile: modifying the basic mirror image in the first Dockerfire to a scratch empty mirror image, replacing the mirror image operation instruction in the first Dockerfire with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information to form a second Dockerfire;
and creating a second container mirror image according to the second Dockerfile.
Further, the base image adopted by the first Dockerfile is created as centOS, ubuntu or Debian.
Further, merging the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction, including:
and merging adjacent running instructions in the first Dockerfile into one.
Further, creating a first container from the first container image, comprising:
and adding a readable and writable container layer on the first container mirror image to form the first container.
Further, obtaining the configuration file and the dependency file from the container environment of the first container, and forming the compressed file includes:
acquiring a first position of a binary file of an application program;
acquiring a second position corresponding to a dynamic link library of the application program;
copying and packaging the files in the first position and the second position to form a compressed file.
Further, the configuration related information includes exposed port information of the application program.
A container mirror image building apparatus comprising:
the creation module is used for receiving a Dockerf file creation instruction and creating a first Dockerf file according to the Dockerf file creation instruction;
the merging module is used for receiving a merging instruction and merging the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction;
the first container mirror image creation module is used for creating a first container mirror image according to the first Dockerfile after the operation instructions are combined;
a first container creation module for creating a first container from the first container image;
an environment control module for controlling access to a container environment of the first container;
the file acquisition module is used for acquiring a configuration file and a dependent file from the container environment of the first container and forming a compressed file;
an exit control module for controlling the container environment exiting the first container;
a modification module, configured to modify the first Dockerfile: modifying the basic mirror image in the first Dockerfire to a scratch empty mirror image, replacing the mirror image operation instruction in the first Dockerfire with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information to form a second Dockerfire;
and the second container image creation module is used for creating a second container image according to the second Dockerfile.
Further, the file obtaining module is further configured to obtain a first location where the binary file of the application program is located, obtain a second location corresponding to the dynamic link library of the application program, and copy and package the file in the first location and the second location to form a compressed file.
A storage medium storing a plurality of instructions loadable and executable by a processor to enable the processor to perform the method of constructing a container image as described above.
The device for constructing the container mirror image comprises a processor and a memory connected with the processor, wherein the memory stores a plurality of instructions which can be loaded and executed by the processor so that the processor can execute the method for constructing the container mirror image.
The method, the device, the equipment and the storage medium for constructing the container mirror image provided by the invention at least comprise the following beneficial effects:
(1) The size of the container mirror image constructed by the method is obviously reduced, the mirror image with smaller capacity can reduce the use amount of the disk and save the storage space of a mirror image warehouse;
(2) Reducing the transmission time of the mirror image: the time for uploading the manufactured container mirror image to the mirror image warehouse is reduced, and the time for pulling the container mirror image from the mirror image warehouse by a user is also reduced;
(3) Because the mirror capacity is smaller, the transmission is faster, and the bandwidth occupation is less, the time for constructing the container by using the container mirror by a user is also reduced, and the deployment speed of the container (including the creation time and the version update time) can be improved;
(4) Because the created image contains fewer files, the attack surface is reduced, and the security of the image is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for constructing a container image according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a device for constructing a mirror image of a container according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a container mirror image build apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for constructing a container mirror image, including:
step S101, receiving a Dockerf file creation instruction, and creating a first Dockerf file according to the Dockerf file creation instruction;
step S102, receiving a merging instruction, and merging the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction;
step S103, creating a first container mirror image according to the first Dockerfile combined by the operation instructions;
step S104, creating a first container according to the first container mirror image;
step S105, controlling to enter a container environment of the first container;
step S106, acquiring a configuration file and a dependent file from the container environment of the first container, and forming a compressed file;
step S107, controlling the container environment exiting the first container;
step S108, modifying the first Dockerfile: modifying the basic mirror image in the first Dockerfire to a scratch empty mirror image, replacing the mirror image operation instruction in the first Dockerfire with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information to form a second Dockerfire;
and step S109, creating a second container mirror image according to the second Dockerfile.
According to the method for constructing the container mirror image, the size of the constructed container mirror image is obviously reduced, the mirror image with smaller capacity can reduce the use amount of a magnetic disk, and the storage space of a mirror image warehouse is saved.
Specifically, step S101 is executed first, and it is detected whether a Dockerfile creation instruction sent by a user is received, and if so, a first Dockerfile is created according to the Dockerfile creation instruction.
The first Dockerf file comprises a base mirror image, a mirror image operation instruction and an execution instruction at the start of a container. The basic image of the first Dockerfile is selected according to the requirement of the application, and a basic Linux basic image and an adaptive version can be adopted. Because the base image is not the base image for finally constructing the lightweight container image, the base image can be selected from common CentOS, ubuntu or Debian, and the relatively lightweight base image can be selected as far as possible on the premise of meeting the requirements.
Further, step S102 is executed to detect whether a merging instruction sent by the user is received, and if yes, the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile are merged according to the merging instruction. For the mirror image operation instruction part in the first Dockerfile, adjacent Running (RUN) instructions are combined, and a plurality of Running (RUN) instructions are combined into one instruction through "&" symbols and "\" symbols. This step corresponds to merging multiple mirror layers corresponding to multiple RUN (RUN) instructions into one mirror layer. Since, after such merging, some operations that cancel each other (e.g., create before delete, install before uninstall) no longer create additional storage space, the size of this mirror layer after merging must not be larger than the corresponding size of the original multiple mirror layers.
The execution commands at the start of the container need not be merged.
Further, step S103 is executed, in the linux system, a first container image is created according to the first Dockerfile after the merging of the running instructions, where the first container image obtained in this step is used as a source of extraction of the dependent file required to be used in the light-weight image to be finally obtained.
Further, step S104 is performed to create a first container according to the first container image obtained in step S103, specifically, adding a readable and writable container layer on the first container image, and forming the first container.
The first container is mainly used to extract application-related configuration and dependency files.
Further, step S105 is performed to enter the environment of the created first container from the current linux environment by using a command line.
Further, step S106 is executed to obtain the configuration file and the dependent file from the container environment of the first container, and form a compressed file, specifically:
first, a first location of a binary file of an application program is obtained.
Second, a second location corresponding to the dynamic link library of the application program is acquired, and the dynamic link library of the application program may include a plurality of the second locations, and thus the second location may include a plurality of the second locations: store1, store2, … … store n.
The user can create a new folder, copy the files under the first location and the second location (store 1, store2, … … store n) to the new folder, wherein the files under the first location are configuration files, the files under the second location (store 1, store2, … … store n) are dependent files, the content in the new folder comprises the configuration files and the dependent files, the content is taken as a main component of the mirror image in the final lightweight container mirror image, and the new folder is compressed to form a compressed file.
Further, step S107 is executed, where the control exits the container environment of the first container, returns to the linux environment, and copies the compressed file in the first container environment.
Further, step S108 is performed to modify the first Dockerfile obtained in step S102: and modifying the basic image in the first Dockerf file into a scratch empty image, replacing the image operation instruction in the first Dockerf file with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information, wherein the configuration related information comprises the exposed port information of the application program, and an execution command is unchanged when a container is started, so that a second Dockerf file is formed.
Further, step S109 is executed, and a second container image is created according to the second Dockerfile, and after the construction is completed, the second container image can be pushed to an image warehouse for management and use.
The second Dockerfile obtained through the steps above, wherein the basic mirror image no longer uses the Linux basic mirror image, but uses the scratch empty mirror image, and the size of the mirror image built by using the empty mirror image is almost as large as that of the dependent package file, so that the created mirror image is very small. In the mirror operation instruction section: the compressed file copied in one step is added, the configuration related information is added, the environment configuration irrelevant to the application is removed, and the running instructions are combined, so that the lightweight container mirror image of the application is constructed.
The method for constructing the container mirror image provided by the embodiment at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) The size of the container mirror image constructed by the method is obviously reduced, the mirror image with smaller capacity can reduce the use amount of the disk and save the storage space of a mirror image warehouse;
(2) Reducing the transmission time of the mirror image: the time for uploading the manufactured container mirror image to the mirror image warehouse is reduced, and the time for pulling the container mirror image from the mirror image warehouse by a user is also reduced;
(3) Because the mirror capacity is smaller, the transmission is faster, and the bandwidth occupation is less, the time for constructing the container by using the container mirror by a user is also reduced, and the deployment speed of the container (including the creation time and the version update time) can be improved;
(4) Because the created image contains fewer files, the attack surface is reduced, and the security of the image is improved.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a construction apparatus capable of mirroring a container, including:
the creation module 201 is configured to receive a Dockerfile creation instruction, and create a first Dockerfile according to the Dockerfile creation instruction;
the merging module 202 is configured to receive a merging instruction, and merge the running instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction;
the first container image creating module 203 is configured to create a first container image according to the first Dockerfile after the operation instruction is merged;
a first container creation module 204 for creating a first container from the first container image;
an environment control module 205 for controlling access to the container environment of the first container;
a file obtaining module 206, configured to obtain a configuration file and a dependency file from a container environment of the first container, and form a compressed file;
an exit control module 207 for controlling the container environment of exiting the first container;
a modifying module 208, configured to modify the first Dockerfile: modifying the basic mirror image in the first Dockerfire to a scratch empty mirror image, replacing the mirror image operation instruction in the first Dockerfire with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information to form a second Dockerfire;
a second container image creation module 209, configured to create a second container image according to the second Dockerfile.
Specifically, the merging module 202 is further configured to merge adjacent running instructions in the first Dockerfile into one.
Further, the first container creation module 204 is further configured to add a readable and writable container layer to the first container image to form the first container.
The file obtaining module 206 is further configured to obtain a first location where the binary file of the application program is located, obtain a second location corresponding to the dynamic link library of the application program, copy and package the file in the first location and the second location, and form a compressed file.
The specific principle is shown in the first embodiment and will not be described herein.
The device for constructing the mirror image of the container provided by the embodiment at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) The size of the container mirror image constructed by the method is obviously reduced, the mirror image with smaller capacity can reduce the use amount of the disk and save the storage space of a mirror image warehouse;
(2) Reducing the transmission time of the mirror image: the time for uploading the manufactured container mirror image to the mirror image warehouse is reduced, and the time for pulling the container mirror image from the mirror image warehouse by a user is also reduced;
(3) Because the mirror capacity is smaller, the transmission is faster, and the bandwidth occupation is less, the time for constructing the container by using the container mirror by a user is also reduced, and the deployment speed of the container (including the creation time and the version update time) can be improved;
(4) Because the created image contains fewer files, the attack surface is reduced, and the security of the image is improved.
Example III
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a container image construction apparatus 300, including a processor 301 and a memory 302 connected to the processor 301, where the memory 302 stores a plurality of instructions that can be loaded and executed by the processor 301 to enable the processor to perform the container image construction method according to the first embodiment.
In addition, the present embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a plurality of instructions that can be loaded and executed by a processor to enable the processor to perform the method for constructing a container image according to the first embodiment.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method of constructing a container image, comprising:
receiving a Dockerfire creation instruction, and creating a first Dockerfire according to the Dockerfire creation instruction;
receiving a merging instruction, and merging the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction;
creating a first container mirror image according to the first Dockerfile combined by the operation instructions;
creating a first container from the first container image;
controlling access to a container environment of the first container;
acquiring a configuration file and a dependent file from a container environment of the first container, and forming a compressed file;
controlling the container environment exiting the first container;
modifying the first Dockerfile: modifying the basic image in the first Dockerfire to a scratch empty image, replacing an image operation instruction in the first Dockerfire with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information to form a second Dockerfire, wherein the configuration related information comprises exposure port information of an application program;
creating a second container mirror image according to the second Dockerfile;
wherein obtaining the configuration file and the dependent file from the container environment of the first container, and forming the compressed file includes:
acquiring a first position of a binary file of an application program;
acquiring a second position corresponding to a dynamic link library of the application program;
copying and packaging the files in the first position and the second position to form a compressed file.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the base image employed to create the first Dockerfile is CentOS, ubuntu or Debian.
3. The method for constructing a container image according to claim 1, wherein merging the running instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction includes:
and merging adjacent running instructions in the first Dockerfile into one.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein creating a first container from the first container image comprises:
and adding a readable and writable container layer on the first container mirror image to form the first container.
5. A container mirror image building apparatus, comprising:
the creation module is used for receiving a Dockerf file creation instruction and creating a first Dockerf file according to the Dockerf file creation instruction;
the merging module is used for receiving a merging instruction and merging the operation instructions in the first Dockerfile according to the merging instruction;
the first container mirror image creation module is used for creating a first container mirror image according to the first Dockerfile after the operation instructions are combined;
a first container creation module for creating a first container from the first container image;
an environment control module for controlling access to a container environment of the first container;
the file acquisition module is used for acquiring a configuration file and a dependent file from the container environment of the first container and forming a compressed file;
an exit control module for controlling the container environment exiting the first container;
a modification module, configured to modify the first Dockerfile: modifying the basic image in the first Dockerfire to a scratch empty image, replacing an image operation instruction in the first Dockerfire with the compressed file, and adding configuration related information to form a second Dockerfire, wherein the configuration related information comprises exposure port information of an application program;
the second container mirror image creation module is used for creating a second container mirror image according to the second Dockerfile;
wherein obtaining the configuration file and the dependent file from the container environment of the first container, and forming the compressed file includes: and acquiring a first position of the binary file of the application program, acquiring a second position corresponding to the dynamic link library of the application program, and copying and packaging the files in the first position and the second position to form a compressed file.
6. A storage medium storing a plurality of instructions loadable and executable by a processor to enable the processor to perform the method of constructing a container image according to any one of claims 1-4.
7. A container image construction apparatus comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing a plurality of instructions loadable and executable by the processor to enable the processor to perform the container image construction method of any one of claims 1-4.
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| US20220058498A1 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-02-24 | Kyndryl, Inc. | Intelligent backup and restoration of containerized environment |
| CN113296879B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2024-03-08 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Container creation method and device |
| WO2022256980A1 (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-12-15 | Nvidia Corporation | Source archive optimizations for reducing container image sizes |
| CN114721783B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-26 | 龙芯中科技术股份有限公司 | Resource file extraction method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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