CN111190075A - Distribution line fault positioning method based on pulse signal injection - Google Patents
Distribution line fault positioning method based on pulse signal injection Download PDFInfo
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- CN111190075A CN111190075A CN202010081960.0A CN202010081960A CN111190075A CN 111190075 A CN111190075 A CN 111190075A CN 202010081960 A CN202010081960 A CN 202010081960A CN 111190075 A CN111190075 A CN 111190075A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/28—Provision in measuring instruments for reference values, e.g. standard voltage, standard waveform
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention provides a distribution line fault positioning method and system based on pulse signal injection, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors sequentially installed on a distribution line monitor first pulse signals sent out at fault points; analyzing and obtaining the relative phase of the first pulse signals monitored by all partial discharge detection sensors relative to the power frequency voltage signals on the distribution line; obtaining a first monitoring position where a corresponding partial discharge detection sensor is located when the relative phase is the minimum value, and adjacent monitoring positions on two sides of the first monitoring position; acquiring three relative phases of the first pulse signals corresponding to the three monitoring positions; analyzing the three relative phases, and calculating to obtain distance information between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position and between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position; and judging the section where the fault point is located according to the distance information. The method and the device can realize quick positioning of the section where the fault of the distribution line is located, and have the characteristics of high efficiency, intelligence, convenience and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power grid fault detection and positioning, and particularly relates to a distribution line fault positioning method based on pulse signal injection.
Background
The power distribution network is a supply and demand link connecting a power transmission network and power consumers, belongs to the tail end of a power system, directly faces the consumers, and is an important public infrastructure for serving the residents. The length of the power distribution network line accounts for about 90% of the length of each level of power grid line, the power distribution network line has the characteristics of multiple line structure changes and complex fault conditions, statistical data show that more than 80% of power failure accidents are caused by power distribution network faults, the safe and stable operation of a power grid can be seriously influenced after the line faults, and a key area can be subjected to large-scale power failure in serious cases, so that huge loss is caused to national economy and people's life, and even personal safety is endangered.
The most common fault of a distribution line is an earth fault, where the probability of occurrence of a single-phase earth fault is the highest. Accurate positioning of power distribution network faults is a key technology for reducing power failure time and accelerating power supply recovery. The conventional single-phase earth fault positioning method utilizes an overvoltage signal, has low precision, unsatisfactory error control and low fault finding efficiency, and needs to invest a large amount of manpower and material resources. In addition, the power distribution network line structure changes a lot, and when a latent fault such as an insulation fault of a device and a power distribution line in a system occurs, the problem of difficulty in fault location also exists.
Therefore, when a single-phase earth fault and a latent fault occur in the power distribution network, how to quickly locate the fault and improve the fault location accuracy is a technical problem to be solved urgently by the person in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distribution line fault positioning method based on pulse signal injection, which solves the technical problems of rapid fault positioning and improvement of fault positioning accuracy when a single-phase earth fault and a latent fault occur in a power distribution network.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a distribution line fault location method based on pulse signal injection, which comprises the following steps:
a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors sequentially installed on a distribution line monitor first pulse signals sent out at fault points;
analyzing and obtaining the relative phase of the first pulse signal monitored by all the partial discharge detection sensors relative to a power frequency voltage signal on the distribution line;
obtaining a first monitoring position where the corresponding partial discharge detection sensor is located when the relative phase is the minimum value, and a second monitoring position and a third monitoring position which are adjacent to the first monitoring position;
acquiring a first relative phase, a second relative phase and a third relative phase of the first pulse signal corresponding to the first monitoring position, the second monitoring position and the third monitoring position;
analyzing the first relative phase, the second relative phase and the third relative phase, and calculating to obtain a first distance between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position and a second distance between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position;
judging the section where the fault point is located according to the first distance and the second distance;
if the first distance is equal to the length of the section between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location stored by the system and the second distance is not equal to the length of the section between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location stored by the system, the fault is located between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location;
if the first distance is not equal to a length value of a segment between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location stored by the system and the second distance is equal to a length value of a segment between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location stored by the system, the fault is located between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location.
Preferably, the length of the section between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location stored by the system, and the length of the section between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location stored by the system are derived from data obtained and stored by online ranging of the distribution line, the online ranging including:
selecting a monitoring position of any one partial discharge detection sensor on a distribution line, and injecting a second pulse signal into the monitoring position;
all the partial discharge detection sensors monitor and obtain the second pulse signals;
analyzing all the second pulse signals to obtain the relative phases of the second pulse signals at all the monitoring positions relative to the power frequency voltage signals;
calculating a relative phase difference of the second pulse signal from one of the monitoring positions to an adjacent one of the monitoring positions;
according to the relative phase difference, the distance between the monitoring position and the adjacent monitoring position is obtained and stored, and the distance is as follows:
and V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the distribution line, and V is 3 x 108m/s (light speed).
Further, the phase where the maximum value of the amplitude intensity of the first pulse signal is located is the fault phase.
Further, the first distance is:
wherein, V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the line, and V is 3 × 108m/s (speed of light).
Further, the second distance is:
wherein, V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the line, and V is 3 × 108m/s (speed of light).
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power distribution line fault location system based on pulse signal injection, the system including a signal generation device, a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors, and a control center;
the signal generating device is connected with the calibration interface of the partial discharge detection sensor and is used for injecting a second pulse signal into a distribution line to be detected, wherein when the distribution line is in fault, a first pulse signal is generated;
the partial discharge detection sensors are sequentially installed along the distribution line in a segmented mode, one end of each partial discharge detection sensor is connected with one end of a coupling capacitor, the other end of each partial discharge detection sensor is grounded, and the partial discharge detection sensors are used for collecting a power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal in the distribution line and transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to the control center in a communication mode;
and the control center is used for receiving, analyzing and processing the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal, calculating to obtain distance information and fault position information of monitoring positions of two adjacent partial discharge detection sensors, and storing the distance information and the fault position information.
Further, the partial discharge detection sensor includes:
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring and recording the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal;
and the first communication module is used for transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to the control center.
Further, the control center includes:
the second communication module is used for transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal with a partial discharge detection sensor;
the data analysis module is used for analyzing and processing the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to obtain the voltage amplitude and the phase of the power distribution line and the relative phases of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal relative to the power frequency voltage signal;
the fault detection module is used for judging whether the distribution line has a fault according to the second pulse signal;
the fault positioning module is used for judging the section of the distribution line where the fault point is located according to the relative phase and calculating the distance between the fault point and the installation positions of two adjacent partial discharge detection sensors;
and the human-computer interaction module is used for displaying the operating condition of the distribution line and providing the user for inquiring the information of the distribution line.
Based on the above embodiments, it can be seen that the distribution line fault location method based on pulse signal injection provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes monitoring the amplitude intensity of a first pulse signal sent out at a fault point through a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors sequentially installed on a distribution line; obtaining a first monitoring position corresponding to the minimum value of the amplitude intensity of the first pulse signal; further obtaining a first amplitude intensity, a second amplitude intensity and a third amplitude intensity of the first pulse signal corresponding to the first monitoring position and a second monitoring position and a third monitoring position adjacent to the first monitoring position; analyzing the first amplitude intensity, the second amplitude intensity and the third amplitude intensity, and calculating to obtain a first distance between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position and a second distance between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position; judging a section where a fault point is located according to the first distance and the second distance; if the first distance is equal to the length of the segment between the stored first and second monitoring locations and the second distance is not equal to the length of the segment between the stored first and third monitoring locations, then the fault is located between the first and third monitoring locations; if the first distance is not equal to the stored length value of the segment between the first monitoring position and the second distance is equal to the stored length value of the segment between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position, the fault is located between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position; the method provided by the embodiment effectively realizes the judgment of the section where the fault point is located. The method has the advantages that the pulse signals generated when the faults occur are easy to collect, the method has the characteristic of high response speed, fault location is carried out on the basis of the voltage phase when the pulse signals are detected, the steps of precision time synchronization and the like are not involved, the problem that errors are difficult to avoid in the time synchronization process is solved, the burden of operation and maintenance personnel is greatly reduced, the troubleshooting time is shortened, and the power supply reliability and the intelligent level of the power transmission line are effectively improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distribution line fault location system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for locating a fault of a distribution line based on pulse signal injection according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a schematic diagram of a location of a fault point, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a relative phase;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a distribution line fault location method based on pulse signal injection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault location system for a distribution line according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the system includes a signal generation device 3, a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors 4, a control center 5, and a plurality of coupling capacitors 2. The partial discharge detection sensor 4 comprises a signal acquisition module and a first communication module, and the control center 5 comprises a second communication module, a data analysis module, a fault detection module, a fault positioning module and a man-machine interaction module.
Specifically, the signal generating device 3 is connected to a calibration interface of the partial discharge detection sensor 4, and is configured to inject a first pulse signal into the distribution line 1 to be measured, where a second pulse signal is generated when a latent fault such as a single-phase ground fault or an insulation fault occurs in the distribution line 1. Preferably, the signal generating device 3 is a commercially available pulse signal generating device, and the generated first pulse signal is a square wave pulse signal.
According to the specific conditions such as the regional position of distribution lines 1's place, natural environment, operating mode, partial discharge detection sensor 4 installs in proper order along distribution lines's generating line segmentation, for example, can the short distance segmentation in distribution lines district position, the environment is abominable, the operating mode is complicated, partial discharge detection sensor 4 installs relatively denseness promptly. When installing partial discharge detection sensor 4 on distribution lines 1's generating line, need install coupling capacitor 2 between distribution lines 1's generating line and partial discharge detection sensor 4, coupling capacitor 2 has the effect of separation high pressure and coupling signal, and coupling capacitor 2's configuration can realize that signal generation device 3 directly injects first pulse signal under distribution lines 1 electrified circumstances, and then realizes online range finding. The other end of the partial discharge detection sensor 4 is grounded to prevent high voltage electric shock. The partial discharge detection sensor 4 is used for acquiring a power frequency voltage signal in the distribution line 1, a first pulse signal injected by the signal generation device 3 and a second pulse signal generated when the distribution line 1 breaks down, and transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to the control center 5 in a communication manner. Further, the partial discharge detection sensor 4 comprises a signal acquisition module and a first communication module, wherein the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring and recording a power frequency voltage signal, a first pulse signal and a second pulse signal; the first communication module is used for transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to the control center 5.
And the control center 5 is used for receiving, analyzing and processing the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal, calculating to obtain distance information and fault position information of the installation positions of the two adjacent partial discharge detection sensors 4, and storing the distance information and the fault position information. Further, the control center 5 comprises a second communication module, a data analysis module, a fault detection module, a fault positioning module and a man-machine interaction module. The second communication module is used for transmitting a power frequency voltage signal, a first pulse signal and a second pulse signal with the partial discharge detection sensor 4. The data analysis module carries out digital analysis on the waveform of the power frequency voltage signal to obtain a digital signal, and further obtains the voltage amplitude and the phase of the distribution line corresponding to the power frequency voltage signal; the data analysis module analyzes the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal, and obtains the relative phase of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal relative to the power frequency voltage signal through comparison and analysis of the pulse signal and the power frequency voltage signal. And the fault detection module is used for judging whether the distribution line has a fault according to the second pulse signal, specifically, after the second communication module receives the second pulse signal and transmits the second pulse signal to the fault detection module, the fault detection module receives the second pulse signal and can judge that the distribution line 1 has a fault, and the line with the maximum amplitude of the second pulse signal is a fault phase. And the fault positioning module is used for judging the section of the distribution line 1 where the fault point is located according to the relative phase and calculating the distance between the fault point and the installation positions of the two adjacent partial discharge detection sensors 4. And the human-computer interaction module is used for displaying the running condition of the distribution line 1 and providing the user for inquiring the information of the distribution line 1.
Based on the above implementation principle, the fault location method provided by the present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for locating a fault of a distribution line based on pulse signal injection according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a schematic diagram of a location of a fault point, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a relative phase; fig. 3 is a flowchart of a distribution line fault location method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the positioning method includes the following steps:
s101 a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors sequentially installed on a distribution line monitor first pulse signals sent out at fault points.
When the distribution line has latent faults such as single-phase earth faults or insulation faults, pulse signals are generated at fault points and named as first pulse signals for distinguishing signals sent by the signal generator. All partial discharge detection sensors installed on the distribution line monitor a first pulse signal sent out at a fault point and send the detected first pulse signal to a control center. The fault detection module of the control center analyzes the first pulse signal and determines that the phase where the maximum amplitude intensity of the first pulse signal is located is a fault phase.
S102, analyzing and obtaining the relative phase of the first pulse signals monitored by all partial discharge detection sensors relative to the power frequency voltage signals on the distribution line.
When the distribution line has single-phase earth fault or insulation fault latency, the partial discharge detection sensors installed at different positions monitor a first pulse signal. Because the installation positions of the partial discharge detection sensors are different relative to the position of a fault point, the relative phases of the first pulse signals monitored by each partial discharge detection sensor installed on the fault line relative to the power frequency voltage signals of the power distribution line are different, and then the control center receives the second pulse signals and has different relative phases, and the different relative phases correspond to the monitoring positions of the partial discharge detection sensors one by one. And a data analysis module of the control center analyzes the obtained first pulse signals to obtain the relative phases of all the first pulse signals relative to the power frequency voltage signals on the power distribution line and the monitoring position of the partial discharge detection sensor corresponding to each relative phase.
S103, a first monitoring position where the corresponding partial discharge detection sensor is located when the minimum value of the relative phase is obtained, and a second monitoring position and a third monitoring position which are adjacent to the first monitoring position are obtained.
S104, a first relative phase, a second relative phase and a third relative phase of the first pulse signal corresponding to the first monitoring position, the second monitoring position and the third monitoring position are obtained.
According to the definition and the characteristics of the phase, the relative phase of the second pulse signal monitored by the partial discharge detection sensor at the position closest to the fault point is the minimum, and the rough position of the fault point can be preliminarily judged according to the characteristic. Therefore, the fault location module of the control center, based on the all relative phases of the first pulse signal obtained through analysis in step S102 and the monitoring positions of the partial discharge detection sensors corresponding thereto, screens out the first monitoring position of the partial discharge detection sensor corresponding to the smallest relative phase, and the second and third monitoring positions adjacent to the first monitoring position, and simultaneously obtains the first, second and third relative phases of the first pulse signal corresponding to the first, second and third monitoring positions.
S105, analyzing the first relative phase, the second relative phase and the third relative phase, and calculating to obtain a first distance between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position and a second distance between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position.
The phase represents the position information of the first pulse signal in the cycle in which it is located at a particular time instant, so that corresponding position information, and thus distance information, can be obtained from the phase information. Specifically, the fault positioning system of the control center analyzes the first relative phase, the second relative phase and the third relative phase, and calculates and obtains a first distance between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position and a second distance between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position.
The first distance is:
the second distance is:
wherein, V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the line, and V is 3 × 108m/s (speed of light).
S106, judging the section where the fault point is located according to the first distance and the second distance.
S107, if the first distance is equal to the length of the section between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position stored in the system, and the second distance is not equal to the length of the section between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position stored in the system, the fault is located between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position.
S108, if the first distance is not equal to the length value of the section between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position stored in the system, and the second distance is equal to the length value of the section between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position stored in the system, the fault is located between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position.
Preferably, the length of the section between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position stored in the system is derived from data obtained and stored by online ranging of the distribution line, and the length of the section between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position stored in the system, and the online ranging includes: selecting a monitoring position where any one partial discharge detection sensor on the distribution line is located, and injecting a second pulse signal into the monitoring position by using a signal generating device; all partial discharge detection sensors on the distribution line monitor to obtain a second pulse signal and send the second pulse signal to the control center; a data analysis module of the control center analyzes all the obtained second pulse signals to obtain the relative phases of the second pulse signals at all the monitoring positions relative to the power frequency voltage signals; the fault positioning module of the control center calculates the relative phase difference of the second pulse signal from one monitoring position to the adjacent monitoring position, and then obtains and stores the distance between the monitoring position and the adjacent monitoring position according to the relative phase difference, wherein the distance is as follows:
wherein, V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the distribution line, and V is 3X 108m/s (speed of light).
The embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, mechanically or electrically connected, or may be communicated between two elements, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the relevant art according to specific situations. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a circuit structure, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of an element identified by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element. Relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A distribution line fault location method based on pulse signal injection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors sequentially installed on a distribution line monitor first pulse signals sent out at fault points;
analyzing and obtaining the relative phase of the first pulse signal monitored by all the partial discharge detection sensors relative to a power frequency voltage signal on the distribution line;
obtaining a first monitoring position where the corresponding partial discharge detection sensor is located when the relative phase is the minimum value, and a second monitoring position and a third monitoring position which are adjacent to the first monitoring position;
acquiring a first relative phase, a second relative phase and a third relative phase of the first pulse signal corresponding to the first monitoring position, the second monitoring position and the third monitoring position;
analyzing the first relative phase, the second relative phase and the third relative phase, and calculating to obtain a first distance between the first monitoring position and the second monitoring position and a second distance between the first monitoring position and the third monitoring position;
judging the section where the fault point is located according to the first distance and the second distance;
if the first distance is equal to the length of the section between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location stored by the system and the second distance is not equal to the length of the section between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location stored by the system, the fault is located between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location;
if the first distance is not equal to a length value of a segment between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location stored by the system and the second distance is equal to a length value of a segment between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location stored by the system, the fault is located between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the system stores a length of a section between the first monitoring location and the second monitoring location, and stores a length of a section between the first monitoring location and the third monitoring location, and the online ranging includes:
selecting a monitoring position of any one partial discharge detection sensor on a distribution line, and injecting a second pulse signal into the monitoring position;
all the partial discharge detection sensors monitor and obtain the second pulse signals;
analyzing all the second pulse signals to obtain the relative phases of the second pulse signals at all the monitoring positions relative to the power frequency voltage signals;
calculating a relative phase difference of the second pulse signal from one of the monitoring positions to an adjacent one of the monitoring positions;
according to the relative phase difference, the distance between the monitoring position and the adjacent monitoring position is obtained and stored, and the distance is as follows:
wherein V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the distribution line, and V-3 x 108m/s (speed of light).
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phase of the maximum amplitude intensity of the first pulse signal is the fault phase.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first distance is:
wherein, V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the line, and V is 3 × 108m/s (speed of light).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second distance is:
wherein, V is the propagation speed of the pulse signal in the line, and V is 3 × 108m/s (speed of light).
6. A distribution line fault positioning system based on pulse signal injection is characterized by comprising a signal generating device (3), a plurality of partial discharge detection sensors (4) and a control center (5);
the signal generating device (3) is connected with a calibration interface of the partial discharge detection sensor (4) and is used for injecting a second pulse signal into the distribution line (1) to be detected, wherein when the distribution line (1) is in fault, a first pulse signal is generated;
the partial discharge detection sensors (4) are sequentially installed along the distribution line (1) in a segmented manner, one end of each partial discharge detection sensor is connected with one end of the coupling capacitor (2), the other end of each partial discharge detection sensor is grounded, and the partial discharge detection sensors are used for collecting a power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal in the distribution line (1) and transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to the control center (5) in a communication manner;
and the control center (5) is used for receiving, analyzing and processing the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal, calculating and obtaining distance information and fault position information of monitoring positions of two adjacent partial discharge detection sensors (4), and storing the distance information and the fault position information.
7. The distribution line fault location system based on pulsed signal injection according to claim 6, characterized in that the partial discharge detection sensor (4) comprises:
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring and recording the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal;
and the first communication module is used for transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to the control center (5).
8. The system according to claim 6, wherein the control center (5) comprises:
the second communication module is used for transmitting the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal with a partial discharge detection sensor (4);
the data analysis module is used for analyzing and processing the power frequency voltage signal, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to obtain the voltage amplitude and the phase of the power distribution line (1) and the relative phases of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal relative to the power frequency voltage signal;
the fault detection module is used for judging whether the distribution line (1) has a fault according to the second pulse signal;
the fault positioning module is used for judging the section of the distribution line (1) where a fault point is located according to the relative phase, and calculating the distance between the fault point and the installation positions of two adjacent partial discharge detection sensors (4);
and the human-computer interaction module is used for displaying the running state of the distribution line (1) and providing the user for inquiring the information of the distribution line (1).
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