CN111187988B - Low-cost high-strength and high-toughness pressure vessel steel plate and production method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost high-strength and high-toughness pressure vessel steel plate and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost high-strength and high-toughness pressure vessel steel plate and a production method thereof, wherein the production method comprises the following steps: 0.13-0.16%, Si: 0.15-0.35%, Mn: 0.80-1.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, Ni: 0.30-0.40%, Cr: 0.25-0.35%, Al: 0.020-0.035, Ti: 0.010-0.020, V: 0.06-0.15, Cu: 0.20-0.30%, N: 0.010-0.020%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Can completely meet the requirements of steel for the conventional island pressure vessel of the nuclear power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a low-cost high-strength and high-toughness pressure vessel steel plate and a production method thereof.
Background
The common manufacturing method of the steel for the pressure vessel of the pressure-bearing equipment at home and abroad is that V element microalloying treatment and normalizing heat treatment after hot rolling are realized by adding ferrovanadium during steel smelting, so as to improve the toughness of the steel plate, however, the production mode has higher cost, longer production period and complex production process, and is difficult to adapt to the production mode with low cost, simplification and high efficiency at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of a pressure vessel steel plate with low cost and high toughness, which reduces the non-metal inclusion level in the steel by strictly controlling a steelmaking process; V-N microalloying is realized by adding vanadium nitride instead of adding ferrovanadium, the vanadium addition is saved by 30-40%, the cost is greatly reduced by replacing a hot-rolled normalizing heat treatment process through a normalizing rolling process, crystal grains can be refined, the effective dislocation density of steel is fully reserved, and the yield strength of a finished steel plate reaches 450-470 Mpa, the tensile strength reaches 720-750 Mpa, and the low-temperature impact toughness at-20 ℃ reaches 300J; meanwhile, the steel plate is kept at a higher level in a simulated normalizing heat treatment state and a simulated postweld heat treatment state, so that good strength and toughness matching is obtained, and the requirement of the steel for the conventional island pressure vessel of the nuclear power station can be completely met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-cost high-strength high-toughness pressure vessel steel plate is characterized in that: c: 0.13-0.16%, Si: 0.15-0.35%, Mn: 0.80-1.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, Ni: 0.30-0.40%, Cr: 0.25-0.35%, Al: 0.020-0.035, Ti: 0.010-0.020, V: 0.06-0.15, Cu: 0.20-0.30%, N: 0.010-0.020%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The design reason of adopting the components is as follows:
(1) c: c is a main component element of the steel grade, the strength of the steel mainly depends on the content of the C element in the steel, and the toughness, the plasticity and the welding performance of the steel are poor due to the excessively high content of the C element; the low C content results in lower strength and lower performance after the simulated stress relief treatment of the steel. In order to ensure that the steel plate has good matching of low-temperature impact toughness, strength and welding performance in the using process, the invention requires that the content of C in the steel is controlled within the range of 0.13-0.16%.
(2) Si: si is a common solid solution strengthening alloy element in steel, is necessary for strengthening toughness and hardenability of the steel and ensuring deoxidation of the steel, but the toughness of the steel is reduced due to high content, so that the Si content is controlled to be 0.15-0.35%.
(3) Mn: mn element can strengthen ferrite in a steel type in a solid solution strengthening mode, C-Mn strengthening is also a main mode for improving the strength of low-carbon steel, but the Mn content is too high, the production cost is increased, meanwhile, Mn element is easy to combine with S element to generate MnS, the hydrogen induced crack cracking resistance of the material is reduced, and therefore the Mn content in the steel is required to be controlled to be 0.80-1.00%.
(4) P: phosphorus is a harmful element in steel, increases cold brittleness of steel, deteriorates weldability, reduces plasticity, deteriorates cold bending properties, and P is also particularly sensitive to irradiation embrittlement. Therefore, the lower the P content in the steel, the better, the lower the invention is required to be less than 0.015%.
(5) S: sulfur is a harmful element in general. S generally tends to form brittle sulfides with alloying elements in steel, to cause hot brittleness of steel, to reduce ductility and toughness of steel, and to accelerate radiation embrittlement. Therefore, the present invention requires that the S content in the steel should be limited to 0.005% or less.
(6) Al: a small amount of Al element is added into the steel, so that austenite grains can be effectively refined, ferrite grains and tissues are refined, and the impact toughness of the steel is improved. Therefore, the invention requires that the Al content in the steel is 0.020-0.035%
(7) V: v belongs to microalloy elements, V-N microalloying in the steel can form fine second phase particles, plays roles of pinning grain boundaries and precipitation strengthening, can effectively refine grains, and greatly improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the steel, such as strength, toughness, ductility, thermal fatigue resistance and the like, so the range of adding V in the steel is 0.06-0.15%.
(8) Ni: ni is a solid solution strengthening element in steel to improve the strength of the steel, the Ni reduces the dislocation motion resistance of steel grades to relax stress and further change the substructure of a matrix structure, so that the toughness, particularly the low-temperature toughness of the steel is improved, and meanwhile, Ni is a solid N element in the steel, so that the content of Ni is controlled to be 0.30-0.40%.
(9) Cr: cr can remarkably improve the antioxidation of steel and increase the corrosion resistance in the steel. Meanwhile, the austenite phase region is reduced, and the hardenability of the steel is improved. Meanwhile, Ni is also a solid N element in the steel, so the invention requires that the Cr content in the steel is controlled to be 0.25-0.35%.
(10) Cu: the prominent effect of Cu in steel is to improve the corrosion resistance of the ordinary carbon low alloy steel and also improve the strength and yield ratio of the steel, but the Cu content does not have adverse effect on the welding performance, but causes the copper brittleness phenomenon during hot deformation processing when the Cu content is higher. Therefore, the present invention requires that the Cu content in the steel be controlled to 0.20-0.30%.
(11) N: V-N realizes micro-alloying, nitrides are separated out on the grain boundary, the high-temperature strength of the grain boundary can be improved, and the creep strength of steel is increased. Combined with other elements of steel grade, has the function of precipitation strengthening. After the surface nitriding of the steel, not only the hardness and wear resistance are increased, but also the corrosion resistance is remarkably improved, so that the present invention requires that the content of N in the steel is controlled to 0.01-0.02%.
A production method of a low-cost high-strength and high-toughness pressure vessel steel plate adopts the following technical measures:
smelting:
(1) the steel plate can be produced by adopting a continuous casting billet with the thickness of 150 and 350 mm;
(2) selecting molten iron with P being less than 0.015 percent and S being less than 0.010 percent, carrying out deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron, completely removing desulfurized slag, ensuring the cleanness and the dryness of alloy and scrap steel, and carrying out production by converter smelting, external refining, vacuum degassing, electromagnetic stirring and soft reduction;
(3) in the smelting process of the converter, vanadium nitride is added to replace ferrovanadium, so that V-N microalloying is realized, the strength and toughness of the steel plate are improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The product of vanadium nitrogen content w (V) w (N) is required to be > 0.00144. In order to improve the high-temperature plasticity of the continuous casting billet and reduce the sensitivity of the occurrence of cracks of the continuous casting billet, the mass fraction of nitrogen element is required to be controlled to be 0.012-0.014%.
(4) Manufacturing white slag refined molten steel by using an LF (ladle furnace), ensuring that the static argon blowing time of a steel ladle is more than or equal to 3min before loading, and controlling the target superheat degree of a tundish to be less than 25 ℃; the whole process is protected and poured, and an electromagnetic stirring or soft reduction technology is used to ensure that the [ S ] in the steel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent and the content of non-metallic inclusions is reduced as much as possible.
And (3) rolling: in order to reduce the cost, simplify the production process flow and shorten the supply period, the normalized rolling process is adopted to replace the normalized heat treatment state delivery after rolling for the steel plate, and the specific process is as follows: fully heating the steel billet, uniformly burning the steel, discharging the steel billet out of the furnace to a dephosphorizing machine to remove iron scales, and discharging the steel billet out of the furnace at a temperature of 1220-1240 ℃; the starting rolling temperature of the plate blank is controlled to be more than or equal to 1080 ℃, and high-pressure water is used for fully removing phosphorus in the rolling process; the rough rolling is carried out at high temperature and high pressure and is rapidly rolled, the thickness of an intermediate blank is (2.5-3.0) x h, and h is the target thickness; the finish rolling still adopts high-pressure and rapid rolling, the initial rolling temperature is 940-980 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 860-880 ℃; the fine rolling deformation rate is 60-65%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a production method of a low-cost high-toughness steel plate for a pressure vessel, the thickness of the produced steel plate is 29-46mm, and compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the normalizing rolling process is adopted for replacing the normalizing heat treatment process after hot rolling for the steel plate, so that the cost is greatly reduced, the production period is shortened, and the production process is simplified;
(2) the V-N microalloying is realized by adding vanadium nitride instead of adding ferrovanadium, the addition of vanadium is saved by 30-40%, the smelting cost is greatly reduced, crystal grains can be refined, the effective dislocation density of steel is fully reserved, the yield strength of the finished steel plate reaches 450-470 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 720-750 MPa, the low-temperature impact toughness at-20 ℃ reaches 300J, and the toughness are well matched;
(3) after the simulated normalizing heat treatment and the simulated postweld heat treatment, the steel plate has better strength and toughness matching under different states. After simulated normalizing heat treatment, the yield strength and the tensile strength of a 46mm steel plate are 455MPa and 735MPa respectively, and the low-temperature impact toughness at-20 ℃ reaches 330J; after the simulated post-weld heat treatment, the yield strength and the tensile strength are 440MPa and 706MPa respectively, the low-temperature impact toughness at minus 20 ℃ reaches 310J, and from the result, the strength of the steel plate is reduced to a smaller extent.
(4) The invention selects low P and low S molten iron, carries out deep desulfurization treatment of the molten iron, desulphurization slag skimming, converter smelting, external refining and continuous casting process for production, thereby ensuring higher cleanliness of the molten steel and leading inclusions in the steel to reach the following levels: class A is less than or equal to 0.5 grade, class B is less than or equal to 0.5 grade, class C is less than or equal to 0.5 grade, and class D is less than or equal to 0.5 grade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of a hot rolled steel sheet according to example 2.
Detailed Description
The following description is given with reference to specific examples:
the simulated normalizing heat treatment process is carried out at the temperature of 900 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 1 min/mm; the simulated postweld heat treatment process is carried out at the temperature of 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3h, and the temperature rise and fall rate of more than 400 ℃ is less than or equal to 55 ℃/h.
The chemical composition of each example is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) of steel of each example
| Element(s) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Al | V | Ti | Cu | N |
| Example 1 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.85 | 0.014 | 0.004 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.026 | 0.14 | 0.011 | 0.210 | 0.017 |
| Example 2 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.88 | 0.013 | 0.003 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 0.013 | 0.230 | 0.018 |
| Example 3 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.013 | 0.004 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.027 | 0.12 | 0.013 | 0.230 | 0.018 |
| Example 4 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.95 | 0.014 | 0.004 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.027 | 0.13 | 0.013 | 0.230 | 0.019 |
Example one
In the production method of the embodiment, the molten steel is smelted by a converter and refined outside the converter, and is cast into a continuous casting billet (the section is 250mm), and the specification of a rolled finished steel plate is 29 mm. The compositions are shown in example 1 in Table 1, and the rolling process and mechanical property results are shown in tables 2 and 3 respectively.
TABLE 2 Rolling and Heat treatment Process
| Heating temperature/DEG C of steel billet | The initial rolling temperature/. degree.C | Second opening temperature/. degree.C | Final Rolling temperature/. degree.C |
| 1250 | 1090 | 970 | 870 |
TABLE 3 mechanical Property results
The 29mm specification steel plate in hot rolling state and different heat treatment states has good toughness and strength matching, and completely meets the I-grade requirement of GB/T4730 flaw detection standard.
Non-metallic inclusions in steel: class a 0, class B0, class C0, class D0.
Example two
In the production method of the embodiment, the molten steel is smelted by a converter, refined outside the converter, cast into a continuous casting billet (the section is 250mm), forged into a steel billet, and the specification of a rolled finished steel plate is 38 mm. The compositions are shown in example 2 in Table 1, and the rolling process and mechanical property results are shown in tables 4 and 5, respectively.
TABLE 4 Rolling and Heat treatment Process
| Heating temperature/DEG C of steel billet | The initial rolling temperature/. degree.C | Second opening temperature/. degree.C | Final Rolling temperature/. degree.C |
| 1250 | 1085 | 975 | 875 |
TABLE 5 mechanical Property results
The 38mm specification steel plate in a hot rolling state and different heat treatment states has good toughness and strength matching, and completely meets the I-grade requirement of GB/T4730 flaw detection standard.
Non-metallic inclusions in steel: class a 0, class B0, class C0, class D0.
EXAMPLE III
In the production method of the embodiment, the molten steel is smelted by a converter and refined outside the converter, a continuous casting billet (the section is 250mm) is cast, a billet is forged, and the specification of a rolled finished steel plate is 46 mm. The compositions are shown in example 3 in Table 1, and the rolling process and mechanical property results are shown in tables 6 and 7, respectively.
TABLE 6 Rolling and Heat treatment Process
| Heating temperature/DEG C of steel billet | The initial rolling temperature/. degree.C | Second opening temperature/. degree.C | Final Rolling temperature/. degree.C |
| 1250 | 1090 | 965 | 865 |
TABLE 7 mechanical Property results
The 46mm specification steel plate in a hot rolling state and different heat treatment states has good toughness and strength matching, and completely meets the I-grade requirement of the GB/T4730 flaw detection standard.
Non-metallic inclusions in steel: class a 0, class B0.5, class C0, class D0.5.
Claims (6)
1. A production method of a low-cost high-strength and high-toughness pressure vessel steel plate comprises iron making, converter steelmaking, refining and rolling, and is characterized in that: adopting a normalizing rolling process, wherein the tapping temperature of the plate blank is 1220-1240 ℃; the starting rolling temperature of the plate blank is controlled to be more than or equal to 1080 ℃, and high-pressure water is used for fully removing phosphorus in the rolling process; the thickness of the intermediate blank is (2.5-3.0) x h, and h is the target thickness; the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is 940-980 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 860-880 ℃; the finish rolling deformation rate is 60-65%;
the steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.13-0.16%, Si: 0.15-0.35%, Mn: 0.80-0.88%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, Ni: 0.33-0.40%, Cr: 0.25-0.35%, Al: 0.020-0.035, Ti: 0.010-0.020, V: 0.14-0.15, Cu: 0.20-0.30%, N: 0.010-0.020%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The method for producing a low-cost high-toughness steel plate for a pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the steel plate is 29-46 mm.
3. The method for producing a low-cost high-toughness steel plate for a pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the steel plate is produced by adopting a casting blank with the thickness of 150 and 350 mm.
4. The method for producing a low-cost high-toughness steel plate for a pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the iron making requires that the target mass percentage content P of the molten iron is less than 0.015 percent and the target mass percentage content S of the molten iron is less than 0.010 percent.
5. The method for producing a low-cost high-toughness steel plate for a pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the smelting process of the converter, vanadium nitride is added to replace ferrovanadium to realize V-N microalloying, and the mass percentage of nitrogen element is controlled to be 0.012-0.014%.
6. The method for producing a low-cost high-toughness steel plate for a pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: refining white slag produced by an LF furnace, ensuring that the static argon blowing time of a steel ladle is more than or equal to 3min before loading, and controlling the target superheat degree of a tundish to be less than 25 ℃; the whole process is protected and poured, and an electromagnetic stirring or soft reduction technology is used to ensure that the mass percentage content [ S ] in the steel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent. .
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| CN102409260A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-04-11 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Thick plate with good low-temperature toughness for pressure container and production method of thick plate |
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| CN103757549A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 355MPa-class thick plate and production method thereof |
| CN103757548A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Low-aging sensitivity hot rolled plate with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106756538A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | The high intensity moving pressure container steel and its manufacture method of anticorrosive and cracking |
| CN107475620A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-12-15 | 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 | Low-temperature pressure container quenching and tempering type A537Cl2 steel plates and its production method |
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| CN108893675A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-27 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of yield strength 500MPa grades of think gauges are hot rolled H-shaped and preparation method thereof |
| CN110184529A (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2019-08-30 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | A kind of middle low-temperature pressure container end socket carbon steel plate and its manufacturing method |
| CN110343967A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-18 | 武汉钢铁集团鄂城钢铁有限责任公司 | A kind of uniform steel plate of normalizing rolling acquisition longitudinal direction performance and its manufacturing method |
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