CN111187356A - Method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar wood powder with eutectic solvent and acid - Google Patents
Method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar wood powder with eutectic solvent and acid Download PDFInfo
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- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar powder with a eutectic solvent and an acid, which comprises the steps of mixing the poplar powder, the eutectic solvent and the acid, heating to 150-200 ℃ for reaction, and filtering the reacted materials to obtain the microcrystalline cellulose; the eutectic solvent is prepared from choline chloride, polyethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol, and the addition amount of the acid is 20-35% of the mass of poplar powder. The invention adopts the low co-dissolving solvent system containing a small amount of acid to treat the poplar powder, can omit the processes of bleaching, acid hydrolysis of crude cellulose and the like, has simple operation steps, less corrosion to equipment and safe working environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microcrystalline cellulose preparation and application, and relates to a method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar wood powder with a eutectic solvent in cooperation with acid.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The microcrystalline cellulose is a white powdery substance which is obtained by hydrolyzing natural cellulose to the limit polymerization degree after being treated by a chemical method or a biological method, has high crystallinity, is usually 20-80 mu m in particle size range, has the limit polymerization degree of 15-375, and is another multifunctional high polymer material of cellulose. The microcrystalline cellulose mainly comprises two parts, namely an organic substance (about 99.95%) and a microcrystalline inorganic substance (about 0.05%) which take cellulose as a main body, and the preparation raw materials mainly comprise wood with high cellulose content and some non-wood plant fiber raw materials, such as cotton, crop straws and the like. The microcrystalline cellulose has the characteristics of good thermal stability, low polymerization degree, high modulus, strong fluidity and the like, also has the advantages of good hydrophilicity, greenness, no pollution, good biocompatibility and the like, and is widely applied in the fields of polyurethane industry, light chemical industry, cosmetic industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry and the like.
According to the research of the inventor, the current preparation method of the microcrystalline cellulose mainly comprises an acid hydrolysis method and an enzyme hydrolysis method, wherein the acid hydrolysis method is most commonly used, and the acid used is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, phosphotungstic acid and the like. However, the process of preparing microcrystalline cellulose by the acid hydrolysis method has the defects that concentrated acid corrodes equipment, waste liquid is difficult to treat, a large amount of residual acid and impurities exist in a reaction system, the obtained product needs to be washed for many times, water consumption is large, the preparation process is complicated, and the like. The enzymatic hydrolysis method is a novel preparation method of microcrystalline cellulose, at present, microcrystalline cellulose is mainly prepared by cellulase, glucose incision enzyme in the cellulase can randomly hydrolyze and cut off cellulose molecular chains in an amorphous area to form a large amount of crystalline cellulose molecules, and cellulose is hydrolyzed to the limit polymerization degree to form the microcrystalline cellulose. Compared with the acid hydrolysis method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose, the biological enzyme method has the advantages of mild process conditions, small chemical consumption, greenness, no toxicity and the like. However, the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose by the biological enzyme method has some disadvantages: for example, cellulose has low crystallinity, high preparation cost and harsh reaction conditions, and has certain requirements on enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis substrates, enzymolysis time and solution pH. If the reaction conditions are too weak, the biological enzyme activity is too low to completely hydrolyze the amorphous region; if the reaction conditions are too strong, the biological enzyme may lose activity or be excessively hydrolyzed, so that the cellulose structure is damaged. In addition, both the acid hydrolysis method and the enzyme hydrolysis method require multiple acid-base treatments and bleaching of raw materials in the pretreatment stage, so as to remove substances such as lignin, hemicellulose and extract, and the treatment process is very complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for preparing the microcrystalline cellulose by treating the poplar wood powder with the eutectic solvent and the acid, the raw materials do not need to be subjected to acid-base treatment, bleaching and the like, the preparation process is simplified, and the using amount of the acid (particularly the using amount of sulfuric acid) can be reduced, so that the problem of preparing the microcrystalline cellulose by an acid hydrolysis method is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the method for preparing the microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar powder with the eutectic solvent and the acid comprises the steps of mixing the poplar powder, the eutectic solvent and the acid, heating to 150-200 ℃ for reaction, and filtering the reacted material to obtain the microcrystalline cellulose; the eutectic solvent is prepared from choline chloride, polyethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol, and the addition amount of the acid is 25-35% of the mass of the poplar powder.
The invention utilizes hydrogen bonds formed among components in a eutectic solvent system to reduce the activation energy required by ether bond breakage in lignin, removes lignin and hemicellulose components in wood flour, retains cellulose components in the wood flour, and simultaneously, in a low eutectic system containing a small amount of acid, the amorphous area of cellulose is easy to degrade, thereby obtaining microcrystalline cellulose. The method utilizes the eutectic solvent and acid treatment to prepare the microcrystalline cellulose, not only omits the steps of acid-base treatment, bleaching and the like to remove lignin, hemicellulose and other substances, but also reduces the using amount of acid (for example, the required amount of sulfuric acid by the existing sulfuric acid hydrolysis method is far more than 35 percent of the mass of wood flour).
Experiments show that the eutectic solvent is prepared by adopting choline chloride, polyethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol, the poplar powder is treated by utilizing the eutectic solvent and a small amount of acid as a reaction solvent system, substances such as lignin and hemicellulose are removed without pretreatment steps such as acid-base treatment, bleaching and the like, products only need to be filtered, the lignin and the hemicellulose in the finally obtained microcrystalline cellulose are basically and completely removed, and the yield of the microcrystalline cellulose is high.
On the other hand, the microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by the method for preparing the microcrystalline cellulose by using the eutectic solvent and cooperating with the acid treatment of the poplar wood powder.
The microcrystalline cellulose prepared by the invention has the characteristics of low polymerization degree, high purity, good thermal stability, excellent performance and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method takes the eutectic solvent and a small amount of acid as a reaction solvent system, not only omits the processes of bleaching, acidolysis of the crude cellulose and the like, but also reduces the using amount of the acid (particularly the using amount of sulfuric acid), simplifies the process flow and simultaneously reduces the corrosion of the acid to equipment.
2. The microcrystalline cellulose prepared by the method has the advantages of low polymerization degree, high purity, good thermal stability, excellent performance and higher yield of the microcrystalline cellulose.
3. The eutectic solvent prepared by the method can be recycled, so that the method provided by the invention is a preparation method of green microcrystalline cellulose.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The eutectic solvent is an ionic liquid, and is a low-temperature eutectic mixture consisting of hydrogen bond acceptors (such as quaternary ammonium salt) and hydrogen bond donors (such as carboxylic acid and polyalcohol) in a certain molar ratio.
The wood flour is obtained by crushing wood.
In view of the defects of complex process, high acid addition amount in the acid hydrolysis process and the like in the conventional preparation of the microcrystalline cellulose, the invention provides a method for preparing the microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar powder with eutectic solvent and acid.
The invention provides a typical embodiment of a method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar powder with a eutectic solvent and an acid, which comprises the steps of mixing the poplar powder, the eutectic solvent and the acid, heating to 150-200 ℃ for reaction, and filtering the reacted material to obtain the microcrystalline cellulose; the eutectic solvent is prepared from choline chloride, polyethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol, and the addition amount of the acid is 25-35% of the mass of the poplar powder.
The invention utilizes hydrogen bonds formed among components in a eutectic solvent system to reduce the activation energy required by ether bond breakage in lignin, removes lignin and hemicellulose components in wood flour, retains cellulose components in the wood flour, and simultaneously, in a low eutectic system containing a small amount of acid, the amorphous area of cellulose is easy to degrade, thereby obtaining microcrystalline cellulose. The method utilizes the eutectic solvent and acid treatment to prepare the microcrystalline cellulose, not only omits the steps of acid-base treatment, bleaching and the like to remove lignin, hemicellulose and other substances, but also reduces the using amount of acid (for example, the required amount of the existing sulfuric acid hydrolysis method for sulfuric acid is far more than 35 percent of the mass of wood powder).
Experiments show that when the eutectic solvent is prepared by using choline chloride, polyethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol as raw materials and is subjected to eutectic solvent and acid treatment in coordination, the steps of removing lignin, hemicellulose and other substances such as acid-base treatment, bleaching and the like are not needed, only products are filtered, the lignin and the hemicellulose in the finally obtained microcrystalline cellulose are basically and completely removed, and the yield of the microcrystalline cellulose is high. The method can obtain the poplar microcrystalline cellulose with the polymerization degree of 220-375, the purity of 97-99% and the particle size of less than or equal to 75 mu m.
In one or more embodiments of the embodiment, the reaction temperature of the poplar powder, the eutectic solvent and the acid is 155-165 ℃.
In one or more embodiments of the embodiment, the reaction time of the poplar powder, the eutectic solvent and the acid is 4-8 h. Experiments show that the yield of the microcrystalline cellulose and the removal rate of the lignin are related to the reaction time, and when the reaction time is 4-8 hours, the removal rate of the lignin and the yield of the microcrystalline cellulose can be ensured to be higher.
In one or more embodiments of this embodiment, the acid is a sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of 96 to 99% by mass.
In one or more embodiments of the embodiment, the mass ratio of the poplar wood flour, the eutectic solvent and the acid is 1: 15-25: 0.25-0.35.
In one or more embodiments of this embodiment, the polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol-200.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the mass ratio of choline chloride, polyethylene glycol, and 1, 4-butanediol is 4.5-5.5: 15.5-16.5: 3.5-4.5.
In one or more embodiments of this embodiment, the eutectic solvent is prepared by: heating choline chloride, polyethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol to 65-75 ℃ for reaction.
In one or more embodiments of this embodiment, the particle size of the poplar wood flour is 60 to 80 mesh.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, after performing the benzyl alcohol extraction on the poplar wood flour, the extracted poplar wood flour eutectic solvent is mixed with an acid and reacted.
In the series of embodiments, the volume ratio of benzene to ethanol in the extraction of the benzene alcohol is 2: 0.9-1.1.
The extraction of the benzene alcohol described in the present invention was carried out according to GB/T2677.6.
In one or more embodiments of this embodiment, the manner of filtration is vacuum filtration.
In one or more embodiments of this embodiment, the filtered solids are washed.
In this series of examples, the washing solution was 1, 4-dioxane.
In this series of examples, the filtered solid was washed with 1, 4-dioxane to colorless and then with water.
In one or more embodiments of this embodiment, the filtered and washed solid is freeze-dried. The freeze drying time is 22-26 h, and the temperature is-55 to-45 ℃.
In another embodiment of the invention, the microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by the method for preparing the microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar wood powder with the eutectic solvent and the acid.
The microcrystalline cellulose prepared by the invention has the characteristics of low polymerization degree, high purity, good thermal stability, excellent performance and the like.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The analysis method adopted in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
measurement of the degree of polymerization of cellulose: refer to the Calycol-capillary viscometer method in GB/T1548-2004 "measurement of pulp viscosity".
Determination of microcrystalline cellulose particle size: the particle size of the microcrystalline cellulose was measured using a particle size analyzer MASTERSIZER 3000(malvern panalytical, UK).
Determination of the purity of microcrystalline cellulose: the cellulose content of the product was determined using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) method.
Yield of microcrystalline cellulose:
X1-yield of microcrystalline cellulose;
m1the quality of the microcrystalline cellulose obtained by the low cosolvent treatment;
m2-is the mass of cellulose contained in the raw wood flour;
the remainder of the experiments not described in detail are routine in the art.
Example 1
The preparation method of the microcrystalline cellulose comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: taking relatively uniform poplar chips, air-drying, crushing, and then screening to obtain 60-80-mesh wood powder.
(2) Extracting benzene alcohol: preparing a benzene-ethanol mixed solution with a volume ratio of 2:1, extracting the wood powder in the step (1) for 6-8 hours according to GB/T2677.6, drying and keeping the weight constant.
(3) Preparing a low cosolvent: mixing choline chloride, polyethylene glycol-200 and 1, 4-butanediol according to the mass ratio of 5:16:4, reacting at 70 ℃, and heating and stirring for 2 hours to obtain the eutectic solvent A.
(4) Low cosolvent treatment: mixing the oven-dried poplar wood powder extracted by the benzene alcohol in the step (2), the low cosolvent A and 98% sulfuric acid according to the mass ratio of 1:20:0.3, wherein the reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the heating and stirring time is 4 hours.
(5) And (3) terminating the reaction: and (3) placing the reaction bottle containing the low cosolvent and the poplar wood powder after the reaction in normal-temperature water for 5 min.
(6) And (3) suction filtration and washing: and pouring the cooled reaction product in the reaction bottle into a Buchner funnel on a filter flask, carrying out vacuum filtration, collecting the low co-soluble solvent after the low co-soluble solvent completely enters the reaction bottle, washing the solid residue in the Buchner funnel by using 1, 4-dioxane, and washing by using deionized water after the 1, 4-dioxane washing liquid is colorless.
(7) And (3) freeze drying: and (3) washing the cellulose on the Buchner funnel washed by the deionized water into a culture dish by the deionized water, and finally putting the culture dish into a freeze dryer, wherein the freeze drying time is 24 hours, and the temperature is-50 ℃, so that the microcrystalline cellulose is obtained.
As a result: through detection, the lignin removal rate is 98.52%, the polymerization degree of the microcrystalline cellulose prepared in the embodiment is 293.22, the yield is 74.16%, the purity is 98.45%, and the particle size is 51.65 μm.
Example 2
The preparation method of the microcrystalline cellulose comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: taking relatively uniform poplar chips, air-drying, crushing, and then screening to obtain 60-80-mesh wood powder.
(2) Extracting benzene alcohol: preparing a benzene-ethanol mixed solution with a volume ratio of 2:1, extracting the wood powder in the step (1) for 6-8 hours according to GB/T2677.6, drying and keeping the weight constant.
(3) Preparing a low cosolvent: mixing choline chloride, polyethylene glycol-200 and 1, 4-butanediol according to the mass ratio of 5:16:4, reacting at 70 ℃, and heating and stirring for 2 hours to obtain the eutectic solvent A.
(4) Low cosolvent treatment: mixing the oven-dried poplar wood powder extracted by the benzene alcohol in the step (2), the low cosolvent A and 98% sulfuric acid according to the mass ratio of 1:20:0.3, wherein the reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the heating and stirring time is 8 hours.
(5) And (3) terminating the reaction: and (3) placing the reaction bottle containing the low cosolvent and the poplar wood powder after the reaction in normal-temperature water for 5 min.
(6) And (3) suction filtration and washing: and pouring the cooled reaction product in the reaction bottle into a Buchner funnel on a filter flask, carrying out vacuum filtration, collecting the low co-soluble solvent after the low co-soluble solvent completely enters the reaction bottle, washing the solid residue in the Buchner funnel by using 1, 4-dioxane, and washing by using deionized water after the 1, 4-dioxane washing liquid is colorless.
(7) And (3) freeze drying: and (3) washing the cellulose on the Buchner funnel washed by the deionized water into a culture dish by the deionized water, and finally putting the culture dish into a freeze dryer, wherein the freeze drying time is 24 hours, and the temperature is-50 ℃, so that the microcrystalline cellulose is obtained.
As a result: through detection, the lignin removal rate is 98.70%, the polymerization degree of the microcrystalline cellulose prepared in the embodiment is 213.22, the yield is 71.16%, the purity is 98.96%, and the particle size is 52.90 μm.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar powder with eutectic solvent and acid is characterized in that the poplar powder, the eutectic solvent and the acid are mixed and heated to 150-200 ℃ for reaction, and the reacted material is filtered to obtain the microcrystalline cellulose; the eutectic solvent is prepared from choline chloride, polyethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol, and the addition amount of the acid is 20-35% of the mass of poplar powder.
2. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by using the eutectic solvent and synergistic acid treatment of poplar wood flour as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature of the poplar wood flour, the eutectic solvent and the acid is 155-165 ℃;
or the reaction time of the poplar powder, the eutectic solvent and the acid is 4-8 h.
3. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by using the eutectic solvent and acid to treat poplar wood powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid is a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 96-99% by mass fraction;
or the mass ratio of the poplar wood powder to the eutectic solvent to the acid is 1: 15-25: 0.25-0.35;
or the mass ratio of the choline chloride to the polyethylene glycol to the 1, 4-butanediol is 4.5-5.5: 15.5-16.5: 3.5-4.5.
4. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose from poplar wood flour by using the eutectic solvent in cooperation with the acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of performing benzyl alcohol extraction on the poplar wood flour, and mixing and reacting the extracted poplar wood flour eutectic solvent with the acid.
5. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by utilizing eutectic solvent and synergistic acid treatment of poplar wood flour as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of benzene to ethanol in the extraction of benzene alcohol is 2: 0.9-1.1.
6. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by using eutectic solvent and acid treatment of poplar wood flour as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtration is vacuum filtration.
7. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose using eutectic solvent in cooperation with acid treatment of poplar wood flour as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtered solid is washed.
8. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose using eutectic solvent in cooperation with acid treatment of poplar wood flour as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing solution is 1, 4-dioxane;
or washing the filtered solid by 1, 4-dioxane to be colorless, and then washing by water.
9. The method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose using eutectic solvent in cooperation with acid treatment of poplar wood flour as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filtered and washed solid is freeze-dried.
10. A microcrystalline cellulose, which is characterized by being obtained by the method for preparing the microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar wood flour with the eutectic solvent and the acid as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202010217765.6A CN111187356A (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2020-03-25 | Method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar wood powder with eutectic solvent and acid |
| PCT/CN2021/072455 WO2021190110A1 (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2021-01-18 | Method for preparing microcrystalline cellulose by treating poplar wood powder with deep eutectic solvent combined with acid |
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