CN111186825A - Method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste - Google Patents

Method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste Download PDF

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CN111186825A
CN111186825A CN202010026357.2A CN202010026357A CN111186825A CN 111186825 A CN111186825 A CN 111186825A CN 202010026357 A CN202010026357 A CN 202010026357A CN 111186825 A CN111186825 A CN 111186825A
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phosphorus
ore
low
yellow phosphorus
pellets
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姚远
侯翠红
王好斌
谷守玉
侯黎爽
井红权
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Zhengzhou University
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/01Treating phosphate ores or other raw phosphate materials to obtain phosphorus or phosphorus compounds
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/02Preparation of phosphorus
    • C01B25/027Preparation of phosphorus of yellow phosphorus

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste, and belongs to the technical field of chemical production. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing yellow phosphorus undersize ore and low-grade phosphate ore according to the mass ratio of 45: mixing 50-60 parts of the raw materials, and adding yellow phosphorus undersize carbon accounting for 10-20% of the total mass of the mixture to obtain a mixed material; grinding the mixed material obtained in the step to obtain a powdery material with the particle size of 60-200 meshes; placing the powdery materials in the step into a disc granulator, spraying an adhesive phosphorus slag acid, and granulating until the particle size is 20-80 mm to obtain mixed pellets; p in phosphorous slag acid2O5The concentration is 33-36%; putting the mixed pellets in the step into a rotary kiln, and drying for 10-30 minutes at 180-250 ℃ by using yellow phosphorus tail gas as a heat source to obtain dried pellets; and (3) putting the dried pellets and the conventional yellow phosphorus furnace charge into a furnace together to prepare the yellow phosphorus. High-valued straightening of yellow phosphorus undersize ore, undersize carbon, low-grade phosphate ore and yellow phosphorus tail gasAnd the waste phosphoric acid slag in the wet-process phosphoric acid can be utilized simultaneously.

Description

Method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing sintered pellets, in particular to a method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste, and belongs to the technical field of chemical production.
Background
China has rich and centralized phosphorite resources, but found that the resources have more low grade and low reserve level, industrial ore deposits are mainly concentrated in five provinces of cloud, precious, Sichuan, Hubei and Xiang, the five provinces of the resources account for 79 percent of the total amount of the whole nation, the basic of the resources account for 86 percent of the total amount of the whole nation, the resources account for 94 percent of the total amount of the whole nation, and the found resources account for 85 percent of the total amount of the whole nation. The resources are characterized by less rich ore, more lean ore, more refractory ore and P in the preserved content of the phosphorite2O5More than 30% of rich ore is only 9.22 hundred million tons, which accounts for 5.4% of the total reserve, and Sichuan province concentrates 97% of the rich ore reserve of 30% of the grade of phosphorite in China.
The traditional thermal method phosphorus chemical industry mainly adopts a yellow phosphorus electric furnace process, the yellow phosphorus electric furnace mixes phosphate ore, reducing agent coke and fluxing agent silica in proportion and feeds the mixture, and the phosphate ore and the coke are subjected to reduction reaction at high temperature of the electric furnace to reduce phosphide into elemental phosphorus. The selected phosphate ore has certain requirements on granularity and grade, and the granularity of the phosphate ore is generally required to be 20-50 mm, P2O5And the content is higher than 25 percent, so that the raw ore of the yellow phosphorus fed into the furnace needs to be screened while meeting the grade requirement, and the screened ore cannot be directly utilized and usually can be directly sold at a low price. Under the background, the grade of the yellow phosphorus entering the furnace charge is reduced, and the utilization rate of the yellow phosphorus entering the furnace charge is improved, so that the market competitiveness of the yellow phosphorus industry is greatly improved.
At present, there are many researches on the resource reuse of low-grade phosphorite, for example, Chinese patent CN103663396B (application No. 201310510341.9) discloses a method for pelletizing by using middle-low grade phosphorite or powdered rock phosphate, which uses P2O5The method for preparing yellow phosphorus or calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer by mixing and roasting medium-low grade phosphorite with about 25 percent of content and one or more of carbon powder, phosphate refractory mud, kaolin, sodium silicate and the like to prepare balls, but the roasting temperature is higher (850-950 ℃), the energy consumption is high, more raw materials are needed, and coke and the coke are needed to be matchedThe salt powder is used as raw material, and the complexity of the process is increased. Chinese patent CN103964404B (application No. 201410166984.0) discloses a method for producing powdered rock phosphate pellets by using powdered rock phosphate, which is a method for producing yellow phosphorus by mixing powdered rock phosphate with phosphoric acid and phosphate to prepare pellets, but the drying temperature is high (200-500 ℃), the energy consumption is large, and the pellets are not prepared with fluxing agent and reducing agent, so that the pellets P need to be used2O5、SiO2CaO content calculating flux (SiO)2) The feeding proportion of the reducing agent (C) and the raw material (C) increases the process complexity. Chinese patent CN104261363B (application No. 201410493098.9) discloses a method for granulating, forming and roasting powdered phosphate rock, which utilizes the method for producing yellow phosphorus by mixing phosphate rock and phosphoric acid to prepare pellets, but the roasting temperature is high (850 ℃ -950 ℃), the energy consumption is large, and the pellets are produced by crushing, screening, drying and homogenizing phosphate rock lump ore, the phosphate rock lump ore can directly enter a furnace for reaction, and the process complexity and the economic cost are greatly increased by the step.
At present, the prior art for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical waste is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical waste, aiming at the defect that the waste phosphorus slag acid in the production of low-grade phosphate ore, yellow phosphorus undersize ore, undersize carbon and wet-process phosphoric acid in the prior art can not be directly utilized.
Several terms mentioned in the present invention have the following meanings:
low-grade phosphate ore: p in phosphorus ore2O5The low-grade phosphorite with the content lower than 20 percent is called as low-grade phosphorite, and the low-grade phosphorite related by the invention mainly comprises the following components: p in raw ore2O5Less than 20% of SiO2The content is higher than 30%.
Phosphorus chemical waste: the invention comprises yellow phosphorus undersize ore, yellow phosphorus undersize carbon, phosphorus slag acid and yellow phosphorus tail gas.
Wherein, the undersize ore of the yellow phosphorus refers to the powder ore remained after the phosphate ore fed into the furnace is sieved in the yellow phosphorus electric furnace process, namely the phosphate ore with the granularity lower than 20 mm; yellow phosphorus minus sieve carbon: the coke in the furnace is left after being screenedThe granularity of the powdered carbon is less than 20 mm; the phosphorus slag acid refers to slag acid in wet-process phosphoric acid, and has high impurity content and P content2O5The content is 33-36%; yellow phosphorus tail gas: the CO concentration of tail gas from the electric furnace after water washing and alkali washing purification in the yellow phosphorus preparation process is higher than 90%.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing yellow phosphorus undersize ore and low-grade phosphate ore according to the mass ratio of 45: mixing 50-60 parts of the raw materials, and adding yellow phosphorus undersize carbon accounting for 10-20% of the total mass of the mixture to obtain a mixed material;
(2) grinding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to obtain a powdery material with the particle size of 60-200 meshes;
(3) adding the powdery material obtained in the step (2) into an adhesive phosphorous slag acid, and then placing the mixture into a disc granulator for granulation until the particle size is 20-80 mm to obtain mixed pellets; wherein P in the phosphorus slag acid2O5The concentration is 33-36%;
(4) putting the mixed pellets obtained in the step (3) into a rotary kiln, and drying for 10-30 minutes at 180-250 ℃ by using yellow phosphorus tail gas as a heat source to obtain dried pellets;
(5) and (4) putting the dried pellets obtained in the step (4) and conventional yellow phosphorus furnace burden into a furnace together to prepare yellow phosphorus.
The further technical scheme is that the mass ratio of the yellow phosphorus undersize ore to the low-grade phosphorite in the step (1) is 45: 55.
the further technical proposal is that the yellow phosphorus carbon under sieve in the step (1) accounts for 15 percent of the total mass of the mixture.
The further technical scheme is that the mixed material in the step (2) is ground into powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes, and the screen allowance is less than 5 wt%.
A further technical scheme is that in the step (3), a disc granulator is used for granulating until the particle size is 20-50 mm, and the screen allowance is less than 5 wt%.
The further technical proposal is that P in the phosphorous slag acid in the step (3)2O5The concentration was 35%.
The further technical scheme is that the drying temperature in the step (4) is about 200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-15 minutes.
The further technical proposal is that the conventional yellow phosphorus furnace charge is yellow phosphorus lump ore, silica and coke.
The further technical scheme is that the acidity value is controlled to be between 0.8 and 0.9.
The reaction mechanism is as follows: the method can directly utilize yellow phosphorus undersize ore, undersize carbon and low-grade phosphate ore in a high-value way, and can utilize waste phosphorus slag acid in wet-process phosphoric acid. The pellet produced by the disk granulator can meet the requirements of granularity and strength of the yellow phosphorus fed into the furnace charge and has very high reduction rate (higher than 95 percent).
The main component of the yellow phosphorus undersize ore and the low-grade phosphate ore is Ca10F2(PO4)6Silicate and carbonate, which after mixing in the presence of a reducing agent coke, undergo the following reaction:
Figure BDA0002362615580000031
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes yellow phosphorus screen underflow and high-value thermal method phosphorus chemical industry waste solids.
(2) The invention utilizes yellow phosphorus minus sieve carbon and high value utilization of waste solids of thermal phosphorus chemical industry process.
(3) The invention utilizes low-grade phosphorite P2O5Concentration less than 20% and SiO2The concentration is higher than 30 percent, the ore belongs to low-phosphorus and high-silicon phosphorite, the ore belongs to typical middle-low grade phosphorite which is difficult to utilize, and the storage capacity is huge. Only Yunnan Bonderland group Limited stockpiles about 1000 million tons due to SiO in the raw ore2The high content is not beneficial to mineral separation and wet-process phosphate chemical industry, the stacking time is as long as 10 years, and the stacking quantity and the cost are increased year by year.
(4) In the preparation method of the invention, no silica is additionally added as a fluxing agent, and the pellet acidity (SiO) is improved2CaO ratio) can reach 0.8 to0.9。
(5) The invention utilizes phosphorus slag acid (P) in wet-process phosphoric acid2O5Concentration of 33-36%) as a binder, and high-value utilizing wet-process phosphorus chemical process waste liquid.
(6) The invention utilizes the yellow phosphorus tail gas as a drying heat source and comprehensively utilizes the waste gas of the thermal method phosphorus chemical industry process.
(7) The invention adopts the disc granulator, and has the advantages of large batch processing capacity, high production efficiency and less binder consumption compared with a ball press.
(8) The pellet can be directly used for producing yellow phosphorus; in order to not influence the yield of the existing yellow phosphorus enterprises, the yellow phosphorus can be directly mixed into the furnace charge to produce the yellow phosphorus under the condition of keeping the original ingredients unchanged (yellow phosphorus lump ore, silica and coke).
(9) The pellet granularity strength of the invention is higher than 180N, and the reduction rate is higher than 95%.
(10) The invention fully utilizes the phosphorus chemical waste, the pellet cost (including the raw material cost and the pellet manufacturing cost) is only half of that of yellow phosphorus lump ore, and the yield of 10 ten thousand tons of pellets per year is taken as an example, so that the comprehensive benefit of about 1500 ten thousand yuan per year can be brought.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Raw materials: yellow phosphorus undersize ore and yellow phosphorus undersize charcoal, and the collection place is as follows: yunnan Jinning yellow phosphorus Co., Ltd; low-grade phosphorite and phosphoric acid slag acid, and the collection place is as follows: yunnan Bonderland group Co.
The main chemical composition of the undersize yellow phosphorus ore in this example is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002362615580000041
The main chemical composition of the low-grade phosphorite in the example is shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002362615580000042
The main chemical composition of the yellow phosphorus undersize carbon in this example is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002362615580000043
The main chemical composition of the phosphoric acid slag acid in this example is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0002362615580000044
The implementation method comprises the following steps:
mixing yellow phosphorus undersize ore, low-grade phosphate ore and yellow phosphorus undersize carbon according to a mass ratio of 45: 55: 15, proportioning by using an electronic scale; grinding the mixed material to obtain a powdery material with the particle size of 150-200 meshes (the screen residue is less than 5%); adding the powdery material into the binder phosphoric acid slag (P)2O5The concentration is 35 percent), and the mixture is put into a disc granulator for granulation until the particle size is 20-50 mm (the screen residue is less than 5 percent), so that mixed pellets are obtained; putting the mixed pellets into a rotary kiln, and drying for 15 minutes at 200 ℃ by using yellow phosphorus tail gas as a heat source to obtain dried pellets; the dried pellets are charged into a furnace together with conventional yellow phosphorus furnace materials (phosphorus block ore, silica and coke) to prepare yellow phosphorus.
The pellet composition analysis in this example is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
Figure BDA0002362615580000045
Figure BDA0002362615580000051
The results of the experiments in this example are shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6
Figure BDA0002362615580000052
As can be seen from Table 5, the pellets charged into the furnace meet the acidity requirement of the yellow phosphorus furnace charge. As can be seen from Table 6, the pellets fed into the furnace are matched with yellow phosphorus furnace charge in particle size and strength, so that process instability cannot occur, the pellets cannot be pulverized in the reaction process to cause furnace arching, the reduction rate is higher than 95% at 1450 ℃, and the pellets can be directly suitable for yellow phosphorus production.
Example 2
Raw materials: yellow phosphorus undersize ore and yellow phosphorus undersize charcoal, and the collection place is as follows: yunnan Pink yellow phosphorus works; low-grade phosphorite and phosphoric acid slag acid, and the collection place is as follows: yunnan Bonderland group Co.
The main chemical composition of the undersize yellow phosphorus ore in this example is shown in table 7:
TABLE 7
Figure BDA0002362615580000053
The main chemical composition of the low-grade phosphorite in this example is shown in Table 8:
TABLE 8
Figure BDA0002362615580000054
The main chemical composition of the yellow phosphorus undersize carbon in this example is shown in table 9:
TABLE 9
Figure BDA0002362615580000055
The main chemical composition of the phosphoric acid slag acid in this example is shown in table 10:
watch 10
Figure BDA0002362615580000056
The implementation method comprises the following steps:
mixing yellow phosphorus undersize ore, low-grade phosphate ore and yellow phosphorus undersize carbon according to a mass ratio of 45: 50: 10, proportioning by using an electronic scale; grinding the mixed material to obtain a powdery material with the particle size of 60-100 meshes (the screen residue is less than 5%); adding the powdery material into the binder phosphoric acid slag (P)2O5The concentration is 36%), granulating is carried out by a disc granulator until the particle size is 40-80 mm (the screen residue is less than 5%), and mixed pellets are obtained; putting the mixed pellets into a rotary kiln, and drying for 10 minutes at 250 ℃ by using yellow phosphorus tail gas as a heat source to obtain dried pellets; the dried pellets are charged into a furnace together with conventional yellow phosphorus furnace materials (phosphorus block ore, silica and coke) to prepare yellow phosphorus.
The pellet composition analysis in this example is shown in table 11:
TABLE 11
Figure BDA0002362615580000061
The results of the experiments in this example are shown in table 12:
TABLE 12
Figure BDA0002362615580000062
As can be seen from Table 11, the pellets charged into the furnace meet the acidity requirement of the yellow phosphorus furnace. As can be seen from Table 12, the pellets fed into the furnace are matched with the yellow phosphorus furnace charge in terms of particle size and strength, so that process instability cannot occur, the pellets cannot be pulverized in the reaction process to cause furnace arching, the reduction rate is higher than 95% at 1450 ℃, and the pellets can be directly suitable for yellow phosphorus production.
Example 3
Raw materials: yellow phosphorus undersize ore and yellow phosphorus undersize charcoal, and the collection place is as follows: van Ann county Longteng Bonders, Inc.; low-grade phosphorite and phosphoric acid slag acid, and the collection place is as follows: yunnan Bonderland group Co.
The main chemical composition of the undersize yellow phosphorus ore in this example is shown in table 13:
watch 13
Figure BDA0002362615580000063
The main chemical composition of the low-grade phosphorite in this example is shown in table 14:
TABLE 14
Figure BDA0002362615580000064
The main chemical composition of the yellow phosphorus undersize carbon in this example is shown in Table 15:
watch 15
Figure BDA0002362615580000071
The main chemical composition of the phosphoric acid slag acid in this example is shown in table 16:
TABLE 16
Figure BDA0002362615580000072
The implementation method comprises the following steps:
mixing yellow phosphorus undersize ore, low-grade phosphate ore and yellow phosphorus undersize carbon according to a mass ratio of 45: 60: 21, proportioning by using an electronic scale; grinding the mixed material to obtain a powdery material with the particle size of 100-150 meshes (the screen residue is less than 5%); adding the powdery material into the binder phosphoric acid slag (P)2O5The concentration is 33%), granulating is carried out by a disk granulator until the particle size is 30-60 mm (the screen residue is less than 5%), and mixed pellets are obtained; putting the mixed pellets into a rotary kiln, and drying for 30 minutes at 180 ℃ by using yellow phosphorus tail gas as a heat source to obtain dried pellets; the dried pellets are charged into a furnace together with conventional yellow phosphorus furnace materials (phosphorus block ore, silica and coke) to prepare yellow phosphorus.
The pellet composition analysis in this example is shown in table 17:
TABLE 17
Figure BDA0002362615580000073
The results of the experiments in this example are shown in Table 18:
watch 18
Figure BDA0002362615580000074
As can be seen from Table 17, the pellets charged into the furnace meet the acidity requirement of the yellow phosphorus furnace burden; as can be seen from Table 18, the pellets fed into the furnace are matched with the yellow phosphorus furnace charge in terms of particle size and strength, so that process instability cannot occur, the pellets cannot be pulverized in the reaction process to cause furnace arching, the reduction rate is higher than 95% at 1450 ℃, and the pellets can be directly suitable for yellow phosphorus production.
While the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the scope of the disclosure, and that other uses will be evident to those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphate ore and phosphorus chemical waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing yellow phosphorus undersize ore and low-grade phosphate ore according to the mass ratio of 45: mixing 50-60 parts of the raw materials, and adding yellow phosphorus undersize carbon accounting for 10-20% of the total mass of the mixture to obtain a mixed material;
(2) grinding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to obtain a powdery material with the particle size of 60-200 meshes;
(3) placing the powdery material obtained in the step (2) in a disc granulator, spraying an adhesive phosphorus slag acid, and granulating until the particle size is 20-80 mm to obtain mixed pellets; wherein P in the phosphorus slag acid2O5The concentration is 33-36%;
(4) putting the mixed pellets obtained in the step (3) into a rotary kiln, and drying for 10-30 minutes at 180-250 ℃ by using yellow phosphorus tail gas as a heat source to obtain dried pellets;
(5) and (4) putting the dried pellets obtained in the step (4) and conventional yellow phosphorus furnace burden into a furnace together to prepare yellow phosphorus.
2. The method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the yellow phosphorus undersize ore to the low-grade phosphate ore in the step (1) is 45: 55.
3. the method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the yellow phosphorus undersize carbon accounts for 15% of the total mass of the mixture.
4. The method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) grinding the mixed material in the step (2) to obtain powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes, wherein the screen allowance is less than 5 wt%.
5. The method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) granulating by using a disk granulator in the step (3) until the particle size is 20-50 mm, wherein the sieve residue is less than 5 wt%.
6. The method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: p in the phosphorus slag acid in the step (3)2O5The concentration was 35%.
7. The method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (4), the drying temperature is about 200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-15 minutes.
8. The method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the conventional yellow phosphorus furnace burden is yellow phosphorus lump ore, silica and coke.
9. The method for preparing sintered pellets from low-grade phosphorus ore and phosphorus chemical industry waste material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the acidity of the pellets is controlled to be 0.8-0.9.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115532169A (en) * 2022-10-13 2022-12-30 成都天屿新磷科技有限公司 Method and system for preparing special pellets for yellow phosphorus by enriching ground phosphate rock

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Application publication date: 20200522