CN111185467A - Method for treating organic solid waste - Google Patents
Method for treating organic solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111185467A CN111185467A CN202010208097.0A CN202010208097A CN111185467A CN 111185467 A CN111185467 A CN 111185467A CN 202010208097 A CN202010208097 A CN 202010208097A CN 111185467 A CN111185467 A CN 111185467A
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- solid waste
- organic solid
- pyrolysis
- salt mixture
- residue
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
- B09C1/065—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally by pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/14—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of contaminated soil, e.g. by oil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Abstract
A method for treating organic solid waste relates to the technical field of soil pollution remediation, and mustard or rape is selected as a plant for absorbing heavy metals and is mixed with phosphorus-dissolving bacteria for use. The root exudates of the plants can provide nutrient substances required by the survival of the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and various organic acids secreted by the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria can dissolve and convert heavy metals in the soil into phosphate which can be quickly absorbed by the plants, so that the soil restoration effect of the plants is promoted. The method for treating the organic solid waste has good environmental friendliness, high absorption efficiency on the heavy metal in the soil, wide absorption range and good practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution remediation, in particular to a method for treating organic solid waste.
Background
The organic solid waste is huge in quantity and serious in pollution, contains a large amount of harmful substances and also contains a lot of recyclable resources. Therefore, the organic solid waste can not be directly discharged from the aspects of environment and resource utilization. Based on this, the treatment of organic solid wastes to achieve harm reduction and resource recycling is always a concern.
The common treatment modes of the existing organic solid wastes comprise landfill, composting, incineration, pyrolysis and the like. Among them, landfill, compost and the like have the problems of occupying a large amount of land, having a long treatment period, having a low utilization rate of resources and the like, and although incineration has high treatment efficiency and can achieve the purposes of volume reduction, reduction and resource utilization, the treatment thereof cannot get rid of the problem of dioxin pollution all the time. In contrast, the pyrolysis treatment not only can clean and realize the reduction treatment of the garbage, has strong environmental friendliness, but also can obtain oil, gas and solid carbon with higher value, but has lower treatment efficiency than incineration. In addition, both of the above methods have a poor effect of treating heavy metals present in the organic solid waste. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new method for treating organic solid waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating organic solid waste, which has high treatment efficiency on the organic solid waste, can effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances and has better environmental friendliness.
The invention discloses a method for treating organic solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
incinerating the organic solid waste, and collecting incinerated residues;
mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture, and performing pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue; wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide, and hydrogen chloride is introduced in the pyrolysis process;
washing the pyrolysis residue with water to obtain a salt solution and a solid residue;
adding the salt solution into potassium hydroxide, filtering out precipitate, evaporating the filtrate to dryness and recovering the salt mixture. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a method for treating organic solid wastes, which burns the organic solid wastes first to achieve the purposes of volume reduction, decrement and heat recovery, and reduces the treatment pressure of the subsequent pyrolysis step while keeping high efficiency. And then, pyrolyzing the incineration residue, wherein the pyrolysis can not only decompose harmful components such as dioxin, but also lead hydrogen chloride to form soluble salt with heavy metal in the pyrolysis process, and the soluble salt can be separated from the pyrolysis residue in subsequent water washing. And finally, adding potassium hydroxide to precipitate heavy metal ions in the salt solution for separate treatment, evaporating the filtrate to dryness and recovering the salt mixture for reuse. The whole treatment method has higher treatment efficiency on the organic solid waste, can effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances, and has better environmental friendliness.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following describes a method for treating organic solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for treating organic solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, burning the organic solid waste, and collecting the burned residues.
S2, mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture, and carrying out pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue; wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide, and hydrogen chloride is introduced in the pyrolysis process.
Compared with pyrolysis, the organic solid waste contains a large amount of hydrocarbon, and is directly incinerated, so that the purposes of volume reduction and heat recovery can be achieved. Substances such as dioxin generated by incineration can be decomposed again through the pyrolysis step, and the harm to the environment is further reduced. Meanwhile, after the volume reduction and the decrement are carried out through incineration, the treatment capacity of a pyrolysis link is greatly reduced, and the overall efficiency is higher.
Compared with the traditional pyrolysis, the molten salt has good heat storage capacity and high mass and heat transfer coefficients, can quickly and efficiently decompose organic matters by using the molten salt as a pyrolysis medium, and can absorb and convert harmful substances generated in the pyrolysis process. Wherein the mass ratio of the incineration residue to the salt mixture is 1: 2 to 3. In the above ratio range, the heat of the salt mixture is sufficient to support the decomposition of the organic matter, achieving a better pyrolysis efficiency.
In the embodiment of the invention, the salt mixture is prepared by mixing potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.15 to 0.25. The melting point of potassium chloride is close to 800 ℃, and the melting point is slightly reduced after potassium hydroxide is added. The temperature of the molten salt mixture is 800-850 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 30-60 min. Within the above parameter range, the decomposition temperature and time duration of the organic matter can be provided enough to completely decompose harmful substances such as dioxin.
And in the pyrolysis process, introducing hydrogen chloride. The mass ratio of the salt mixture to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 0.1 to 0.15. On the one hand, hydrogen chloride can promote the acid hydrolysis of organic matter into smaller molecules, and thus is more easily pyrolyzed; on the other hand, the hydrogen chloride can react with the residual heavy metal in the organic solid waste to generate soluble chloride, which is beneficial to subsequent water washing removal. In addition, the hydrogen chloride and the potassium hydroxide in the salt mixture can release heat through a neutralization reaction, the temperature of pyrolysis is kept, and the pyrolysis is promoted. Optionally, the hydrogen chloride is introduced in an amount of 2-3% of the total mass per minute. The hydrogen chloride is introduced according to the parameters to keep the continuity of the reaction and the stability of the temperature, and the pyrolysis effect is better.
Further, the invention discloses a method for treating organic solid waste, which further comprises the following steps:
s3, washing the pyrolysis residue with water to obtain a salt solution and a solid residue.
The water washing can recover potassium chloride, hydrogen chloride and heavy metal chloride in the pyrolysis residue to form a salt solution, and substances insoluble in water are used as solid residues. The heavy metal content in the solid residue is less, and the solid residue can be directly buried or used as a building material without causing secondary pollution. Optionally, when the pyrolysis residue is washed with water, the mass of the water is 10-20 times of that of the salt mixture. Within the above range, the salt content in the solid residue can be substantially removed, which facilitates the recovery of salt content.
Further, the invention discloses a method for treating organic solid waste, which further comprises the following steps:
s4, adding the salt solution into potassium hydroxide, filtering out precipitate, evaporating filtrate to dryness and recovering the salt mixture.
The hydrogen chloride is introduced in a relatively excess amount during the pyrolysis. Therefore, the obtained salt solution is acidic, so that the dissolved state of the heavy metal ions can be maintained. By adding potassium hydroxide, heavy metal ions are precipitated from the salt solution as hydroxides. The heavy metal ions can be recovered after filtration. The mass of the potassium hydroxide added into the salt solution is 0.15-0.3 times of that of the salt mixture. At this time, the added potassium hydroxide is in an excessive state relative to the residual hydrogen chloride, namely, after the potassium hydroxide is added, the salt solution is alkaline, and the precipitation of heavy metal ions is facilitated. In addition, the potassium chloride formed by the reaction of potassium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride does not change the composition of the salt mixture. Meanwhile, the dosage of the potassium hydroxide is accurately calculated, so that after the filtrate is evaporated to dryness, the amount of the residual potassium hydroxide just meets the proportion of the potassium hydroxide in the salt mixture, and the recovered salt mixture can be directly reused.
Further, the heat of fusion of the salt mixture comes from the incineration of the organic solid waste. Likewise, the heat of evaporation of the filtrate to dryness comes from the incineration of the organic solid waste. By the mode, the heat generated by incineration can be fully utilized, and the optimal utilization of energy is realized.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for treating organic solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, burning the organic solid waste, and collecting the burned residues.
S2, mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, and carrying out pyrolysis for 60min to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues.
Wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio is 1: 0.15), and the salt mixture is heated to 850 ℃ for melting use.
And in the pyrolysis process, introducing hydrogen chloride. The mass ratio of the salt mixture to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 0.1. the amount of hydrogen chloride introduced per minute was 2% of the total mass thereof.
S3, washing the pyrolysis residue with water, wherein the mass of the water is 10 times of that of the salt mixture. Obtaining salt solution and solid residue, and burying the solid residue.
S4, adding the salt solution into potassium hydroxide, wherein the mass of the potassium hydroxide is 0.15 times that of the salt mixture. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to recover the salt mixture.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for treating organic solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, burning the organic solid waste, and collecting the burned residues.
S2, mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing and carrying out pyrolysis for 35min to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues.
Wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio is 1: 0.25), and the salt mixture is heated to 800 ℃ for melting use.
And in the pyrolysis process, introducing hydrogen chloride. The mass ratio of the salt mixture to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 0.15. the amount of hydrogen chloride introduced per minute was 3% of the total mass thereof.
S3, washing the pyrolysis residue with water, wherein the mass of the water is 20 times of that of the salt mixture. Obtaining salt solution and solid residue, and burying the solid residue.
S4, adding the salt solution into potassium hydroxide, wherein the mass of the potassium hydroxide is 0.3 times of that of the salt mixture. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to recover the salt mixture.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for treating organic solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, burning the organic solid waste, and collecting the burned residues.
S2, mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5 mixing and carrying out pyrolysis for 45min to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue.
Wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio is 1: 0.2), and the salt mixture is heated to 850 ℃ for melting use.
And in the pyrolysis process, introducing hydrogen chloride. The mass ratio of the salt mixture to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 0.12. the amount of hydrogen chloride introduced per minute was 2.5% of the total mass thereof.
S3, washing the pyrolysis residue with water, wherein the mass of the water is 15 times of that of the salt mixture. Obtaining salt solution and solid residue, and burying the solid residue.
S4, adding the salt solution into potassium hydroxide, wherein the mass of the potassium hydroxide is 0.2 times of that of the salt mixture. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to recover the salt mixture.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for treating organic solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, burning the organic solid waste, and collecting the burned residues.
S2, mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.2 mixing and carrying out pyrolysis for 50 min to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue.
Wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio is 1: 0.18), and the salt mixture is heated to 820 ℃ for melting use.
And in the pyrolysis process, introducing hydrogen chloride. The mass ratio of the salt mixture to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 0.13. the amount of hydrogen chloride introduced per minute was 2.3% of the total mass thereof.
S3, washing the pyrolysis residue with water, wherein the mass of the water is 18 times that of the salt mixture. Obtaining salt solution and solid residue, and burying the solid residue.
S4, adding the salt solution into potassium hydroxide, wherein the mass of the potassium hydroxide is 0.25 times that of the salt mixture. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to recover the salt mixture.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, burning the organic solid waste, and collecting the burned residues.
S2, mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, and carrying out pyrolysis for 60min to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues.
Wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide (mass ratio is 1: 0.15), and the salt mixture is heated to 850 ℃ for melting use.
S3, washing the pyrolysis residue with water, wherein the mass of the water is 10 times of that of the salt mixture. Obtaining salt solution and solid residue, and burying the solid residue.
Test examples
Collecting organic solid wastes of the same batch, uniformly burning the organic solid wastes to obtain burning residues, and carrying out subsequent treatment on the burning residues by the methods of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 respectively. And respectively measuring the dioxin content and the heavy metal content in the incineration residue, the pyrolysis residue and the solid residue. The results are shown in Table 1.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 soil heavy metal removal test results
As shown in table 1, after pyrolysis is performed by the methods provided in embodiments 1 to 4, considering sampling and measurement errors, it can be said that the content of heavy metals is substantially unchanged, and the content of dioxin is significantly reduced to less than 100 ng/kg. The pyrolysis process can not reduce the content of heavy metal, but has obvious decomposition effect on dioxin. After the method provided by the embodiments 1 to 4 is adopted and washed by water, the content of heavy metals in the solid residue is obviously reduced, which indicates that most of the heavy metals form soluble salts in the pyrolysis process and can be removed by washing. In contrast, in the method of comparative example 1, hydrogen chloride is not introduced in the pyrolysis process, so that the content of heavy metals is basically unchanged after pyrolysis, the content of dioxin is obviously reduced, but the content of dioxin is not reduced to be less than 100 ng/kg, and 300-400 ng/kg of dioxin still remains. The fact that hydrogen chloride is introduced in the pyrolysis has a certain promotion effect on the decomposition of dioxin, the promotion effect can come from the catalysis of acid on the decomposition and can also come from the temperature rise caused by acid-base reaction, and further research and verification are needed. In contrast, in the method of comparative example 1, the heavy metal content is reduced to some extent after water washing, but the reduction range is limited, which shows that most of the heavy metals in the pyrolysis residue still exist in the form of insoluble substances and cannot be removed by water washing under the condition that hydrogen chloride does not participate.
In summary, the present invention discloses a method for treating organic solid waste, which burns organic solid waste to achieve the purpose of volume reduction and heat recovery, and reduces the treatment pressure of the subsequent pyrolysis step while maintaining high efficiency. And then, pyrolyzing the incineration residue, wherein the pyrolysis can not only decompose harmful components such as dioxin, but also lead hydrogen chloride to form soluble salt with heavy metal in the pyrolysis process, and the soluble salt can be separated from the pyrolysis residue in subsequent water washing. And finally, adding potassium hydroxide to precipitate heavy metal ions in the salt solution for separate treatment, evaporating the filtrate to dryness and recovering the salt mixture for reuse. The whole treatment method has higher treatment efficiency on the organic solid waste, can effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances, and has better environmental friendliness.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating organic solid waste, comprising:
incinerating the organic solid waste, and collecting incinerated residues;
mixing the incineration residue with the molten salt mixture, and pyrolyzing the mixture to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue; wherein the salt mixture comprises potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide, and hydrogen chloride is introduced in the pyrolysis process;
washing the pyrolysis residue with water to obtain a salt solution and a solid residue;
adding potassium hydroxide into the salt solution, filtering out precipitates, evaporating filtrate to dryness and recovering the salt mixture.
2. The method for treating organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the incineration residue to the salt mixture is 1: 2 to 3.
3. The method for treating organic solid waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the salt mixture is prepared from potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide in a mass ratio of 1: 0.15 to 0.25.
4. The method for treating organic solid waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the salt mixture to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 0.1 to 0.15.
5. The method for treating organic solid waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein the amount of hydrogen chloride introduced per minute is 2% to 3% of the total mass of the waste.
6. The method for treating organic solid waste as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature of the molten salt mixture is 800 to 850 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 30 to 60 min.
7. The method for treating organic solid waste as claimed in claim 6, wherein the amount of potassium hydroxide added to the salt solution is 0.15 to 0.3 times the amount of the salt mixture.
8. The method for treating organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat for melting the salt mixture is derived from incineration of the organic solid waste.
9. The method for treating organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat for evaporating the filtrate is derived from incineration of the organic solid waste.
10. The method for treating organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis residue is washed with water in an amount of 10 to 20 times the mass of the salt mixture.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117231985A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-15 | 南京阳森科技发展有限公司 | Organic solid waste resource recovery processing device |
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