CN111184557B

CN111184557B - Neurosurgery robot driving piece

Info

Publication number: CN111184557B
Application number: CN202010133270.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张明铭; 其他发明人请求不公开姓名
Original assignee: Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
Current assignee: Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
Priority date: 2020-03-01
Filing date: 2020-03-01
Publication date: 2020-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-01
Also published as: CN111184557A

Abstract

The invention discloses a neurosurgical robot driving piece, which belongs to the field of medicine and comprises a shell and a power piece positioned in the shell, wherein the shell is connected with a long pipe, the tail end of the long pipe is provided with a clamp mouth, and the driving piece comprises a first pneumatic piece and a second pneumatic piece; the first pneumatic part comprises a connecting sleeve, a first driving pipe, a first driving rod, a first power part and a first piston, one end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the connecting channel, the other end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the first driving pipe, the first piston is positioned at the tail end of the first driving rod, the first piston is positioned in the first driving pipe, and the first driving rod is driven by the first power part to squeeze and pull the first piston so as to change the air pressure in the first driving pipe and further control the rotation of the nipper nozzle; the second pneumatic element comprises a second driving pipe, a second piston a, a second piston b and a second driving rod.

Description

Neurosurgery robot driving piece

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of neurosurgical instruments.

Background

The origin of neurosurgery dates back to 1935, at that time, grapery psychiatrist cooperated with neurosurgeons to perform bilateral prefrontal leukopheresis, pioneering the neurosurgery, and named as "Moniz-Lima" operation.

In the neurosurgery, the force reaction of human tissue to the apparatus is great, and is very positive at present medical robot for carry out minimal access surgery to neurosurgery and carry out probably, but in doing the operation, the operation doctor is in the distal end operation, will make surgical instrument have a plurality of degrees of freedom, for example switching, rotation etc. and current rotation is all accomplished through whole apparatus, and current surgical instrument causes the harm to the clamping-force of human tissue is too big easily.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a neurosurgical robot driving piece, which comprises a shell and a power piece positioned in the shell, wherein the shell is connected with a long pipe, the tail end of the long pipe is provided with a clamp mouth, and the driving piece comprises a first pneumatic piece and a second pneumatic piece; the first pneumatic part comprises a connecting sleeve, a first driving pipe, a first driving rod, a first power part and a first piston, one end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the connecting channel, the other end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the first driving pipe, the first piston is positioned at the tail end of the first driving rod, the first piston is positioned in the first driving pipe, and the first driving rod is driven by the first power part to squeeze and pull the first piston so as to change the air pressure in the first driving pipe and further control the rotation of the nipper nozzle; the second pneumatic part comprises a second driving pipe, a second piston a, a second piston b, a second driving rod and a second power part, the second piston a and the second piston b are both positioned in the second driving pipe, a sealed cavity is formed between the second piston a and the second piston b in the second driving pipe, the second piston a is connected with the connecting pipe, the second piston b is connected with the second driving rod (224), the second driving rod is driven by the second power part to enable the second piston b to move so as to change the air pressure of the sealed cavity to drive the second piston to push and pull the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is pushed and pulled to control the opening and closing of the jaw;

the first driving pipe is internally provided with a first sensing device for detecting the air pressure of the first driving pipe, and the second driving pipe is internally provided with a second sensing device for detecting the air pressure of the sealed cavity.

As an improvement, the tail end of the connecting pipe is provided with a plurality of dispersion rods a, the other ends of the dispersion rods a are connected to different positions of the second piston a, the tail end of the second driving rod is provided with a plurality of dispersion rods b, and the other ends of the dispersion rods b are connected to different positions of the second piston b.

As an improvement, the first power part comprises a first shell, a first screw is arranged in the first shell, a first sliding block is connected to a first screw upper screw rod, the first sliding block is fixedly connected with a first driving rod, and the first screw is driven by a first motor.

As an improvement, the second power part includes a second housing, a second screw is arranged in the second housing, the second screw is connected with a second slider, the second slider is fixedly connected with a second driving rod, and the second screw is connected with a second motor and is driven by the second motor to further control the second slider to move along the axial direction of the screw.

As a modification, the cross-sectional area of the first driving pipe is larger than that of the first connecting channel.

As an improvement, a fixing plate is arranged in the shell to fix the first driving pipe and the second driving pipe on the shell.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the lever of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the handle of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fixing portion;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a stationary tube;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a movable chamber;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the movable chamber;

FIG. 7 is another state view of the movable chamber;

figure 8 is a schematic view of a rotary pressure control device;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a mobile pressure control device;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a surgical instrument;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a jaw;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a jaw;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an arcuate rod;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the movable tube;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the movable tube;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a drive tube;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the power member;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the power member;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a long tube;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the power member;

the labels in the figure are: 100-operating rod, 110-fixed part, 111-fixed tube, 1111-rotating cavity, 112-rotating pressure control device, 1121-first controller, 1122-first large air pump, 1123-first small air pump, 1211-second controller, 1212-second large air pump, 1213-second small air pump, 113-movable cavity, 114-rotating component, 1141-central rod, 1142-rotating rod, 1143-rotating piston, 115-fixed rod, 116-base 120-connecting part, 121-moving pressure control device, 1211-second controller, 1212-second large air pump, 1213-second small air pump, 122-moving cavity, 130-handle, 131-handle, 132-pressing rod, 133-moving piston, 134-moving rod, 200-power element, 210-a first pneumatic element, 211-a connecting sleeve, 212-a first driving tube, 213-a first driving rod, 214-a first power element, 2141-a first slide block, 2142-a first screw rod, 2143-a first housing, 2144-a first motor, 215-a first piston, 220-a second pneumatic element, 221-a second driving tube, 222-a second piston, 223-a second piston, 224-a second driving rod, 225-a dispersion rod, 226-a dispersion rod, 227-a second power element, 2271-a second slide block, 2272-a second screw rod, 2273-a second housing, 2274-a second motor, 230-a fixing plate, 300-a housing, 400-a jaw, 410 a-a first jaw, 410 b-a second jaw, 420-a connecting head, 430-movable tube, 431-movable cavity, 432-arc cavity, 440-long tube, 441-connecting channel, 450-push-pull rod, 460-driving tube, 461-rotating column, 462-connecting tube, 470-arc rod and 480-third piston.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention discloses a neurosurgical operation robot assembly which can be applied to the surgical fields of neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynecology, gastrointestinal surgery, thoracic surgery, hepatobiliary surgery and the like, and comprises a forceps nozzle 400, a driving piece and an operating rod 100, wherein the operating rod can further rotate, advance and retreat, and simultaneously or independently transmit the two instructions to the driving piece through a central processing unit, the driving piece respectively controls the opening and closing and the rotation of the forceps nozzle through different pneumatic pieces, the opening and closing correspond to the advancing and retreating of the handle, the rotation corresponds to the rotation of the handle, and the further handle can sense the biting force and the rotating force applied to the opening and closing and the rotation of the forceps nozzle through the driving piece. The details are as follows:

as shown in fig. 1-9, the present embodiment discloses a surgical robot operating rod with sensing function, which comprises a fixing portion 110, a connecting portion 120 and a handle 130, wherein the fixing portion 110 is fixed and comprises a tubular fixing tube 110, the fixing tube is connected with the connecting portion, the connecting portion is in a tubular structure, the central axes of the fixing tube and the connecting portion are coaxial, the connecting portion can rotate relative to the fixing tube, a semicircular movable cavity 113 and a rotating cavity 1111 are arranged in the fixing tube, the rotating cavity is in an arc shape, the arc center of the arc is located on the central axis of the fixing tube, the rotating cavity only has an outlet, the outlet extends into the movable cavity, the connecting portion comprises a rotating assembly 114, the rotating assembly comprises a central rod 1141, an arc rotating rod 1142 and a rotating piston 1143 located at the end of the rotating rod, the rotating rod 1142 is matched with the cross section of the rotating cavity, the rotating piston 1143 and the rotating, the central rod can be driven by the connecting part to axially rotate to drive the rotary piston 1143 to move in the rotary cavity so as to change the volume of the first sealed cavity, and the bottom end of the rotary cavity is connected with the rotary pressure control device 112 so that the air pressure of the first sealed cavity can be set;

as shown in fig. 2, the connecting portion 120 is provided with a moving cavity 122, the handle is provided with a moving piston 133 having a moving rod 134 located at the end of the moving rod, the moving piston is located in the moving cavity to form a second sealed cavity with the moving cavity, the moving piston can move along the moving cavity to change the volume of the second sealed cavity, the moving direction is the same as the central axis of the fixed tube, and the bottom of the moving cavity is connected with a moving pressure control device 121 to enable the air pressure of the second sealed cavity to be set.

As shown in FIG. 2, the handle 130 includes a grip 131, a pressing rod 132, the pressing rod 132 is connected to the grip, and the pressing rod is connected to the moving rod to drive the connecting rod to move. The sections of the moving cavity and the moving piston are regular hexagons so as to prevent the moving cavity and the moving piston from rotating relatively.

As shown in fig. 3, the fixing pipe is connected with a fixing rod 115 fixed on a base 116.

The rotary pressure control device 112 includes a first controller 1121, and a first atmospheric pump 1122 and a first small air pump 1123 connected to the first controller, respectively, where the first atmospheric pump and the first small air pump have different air transmission powers, and the first atmospheric pump and the first small air pump are respectively communicated with the rotary cavity. When the detected rotation chamber has a large deviation (for example, 20% deviation) from the set value, the first atmospheric pump is started to quickly make the air pressure of the rotation chamber reach the set value or the assigned value. Only the first small air pump is pneumatically operated to increase the accuracy of the air pressure as much as possible when the deviation is small. The movable pressure control device 121 includes a second controller 1211, and a second atmospheric pump 1212 and a second small air pump 1223 respectively connected to the second controller, the second atmospheric pump and the second small air pump have different air transmission powers, the second atmospheric pump and the second small air pump are respectively communicated with the movable chamber, and the principle of the second atmospheric pump and the second small air pump is the same as that of the first atmospheric pump and the second small air pump.

As shown in fig. 10-16, the present embodiment further discloses a forceps mouth of a neurosurgical instrument, which comprises a first forceps mouth 410a and a second forceps mouth 410b, a connecting head 420, a long tube 440, a push-pull rod 450, wherein the first forceps mouth 410a and the second forceps mouth 410b are hinged to the connecting head, the connecting head is connected to the long tube, the push-pull rod is connected to the first forceps mouth and the second forceps mouth and is driven to move so as to open and close the first forceps mouth and the second forceps mouth, the neurosurgical instrument is characterized in that the push-pull rod is sleeved with a driving tube 460, the driving tube is fixed with an arc-shaped rod 470, the end of the arc-shaped rod is provided with a third piston 480, one end of the long tube is provided with a movable tube 430, the connecting head can rotate relative to the movable tube, a bearing is arranged between the connecting head and the movable tube, one side of the movable tube is provided with a movable chamber 431, the other side is provided with an arc, the other end of the connecting rod is communicated with a power part at the far end through a long pipe, the air pressure in the arc-shaped cavity can be changed by the power part at the far end to drive the third piston and the arc-shaped rod to move along the arc-shaped cavity, and the arc-shaped cavity is matched with the arc-shaped rod so that when the arc-shaped rod moves in the arc-shaped cavity, the driving pipe rotates around the central shaft of the driving pipe to further enable the first tong nozzle, the second tong nozzle and the connecting head to rotate relative to the movable pipe 430;

as shown in fig. 16, the push-pull rod is connected with a rotating column 461, the rotating column is connected with a connecting pipe 462, the push-pull rod can rotate relative to the connecting pipe through the rotating column, so that the connecting pipe is kept stationary relative to the long pipe when the driving pipe drives the push-pull rod 450 to rotate, the cross section of the push-pull rod is square, a passage with a square cross section is arranged in the driving pipe, so that the push-pull rod passes through the driving pipe and can move axially along the driving pipe, and the connecting pipe is driven by the power member at the far end to move axially so as to drive the push-pull rod to move axially, so that.

As shown in fig. 12, the connecting ends of the first forceps nozzle and the second forceps nozzle are provided with pulling channels, and the tail end of the push-pull rod is provided with a clamping column which is clamped into the pulling channels. The movable tube 430 and the long tube 440 are integrally formed so that the arc-shaped cavity in the movable tube is communicated with the connecting channel in the long tube 440, but may be of a separate structure, and the arc-shaped cavity and the connecting channel 441 can be communicated in a butt joint manner.

The bottom of the movable tube in the movable cavity 431 is provided with a circular concave part, the driving tube 460 is clamped in the circular concave part to fix the driving tube 460, a connecting channel 441 axially extending along the long tube is arranged in the long tube, the connecting channel is communicated with the arc-shaped cavity, and the air pressure of the connecting channel can be changed by a power part at the far end.

As shown in fig. 17-20, the present embodiment discloses a neurosurgical robot driving component, which includes a housing 300 and a power component 200 located inside the housing, the housing is connected to a long tube, the end of the long tube is a forceps tip, and the driving component includes a first pneumatic component 210 and a second pneumatic component 220; the first pneumatic component 210 comprises a connecting sleeve 211, a first driving pipe 212, a first driving rod 213, a first power component 214 and a first piston 215, one end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the connecting channel 441, the other end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the first driving pipe 212, the first piston is positioned at the tail end of the first driving pipe and is positioned in the first driving pipe 212, and the first driving rod 213 is driven by the first power component to squeeze and pull the first piston so as to change the air pressure in the first driving pipe 212 and further control the rotation of the pincer nozzle; the second pneumatic part 220 comprises a second driving pipe 221, a second piston a222, a second piston b223, a second driving rod 224 and a second power part 227, wherein the second piston a and the second piston b are both located in the second driving pipe, a sealed cavity is formed between the second piston a and the second piston b in the second driving pipe, the second piston a is connected with the connecting pipe, the second piston b is connected with the second driving rod 224, the second driving rod 224 is driven by the second power part to enable the second piston b to move so as to change the air pressure of the sealed cavity to drive the second piston to push and pull the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is pushed and pulled to control the opening and closing of the nipples; the first driving pipe is internally provided with a first sensing device for detecting the air pressure of the first driving pipe, and the second driving pipe is internally provided with a second sensing device for detecting the air pressure of the sealed cavity, which is not shown in the figure and is the conventional technology.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 17, the connection pipe has a plurality of dispersion rods a225 at the end thereof, the other ends of the dispersion rods a are connected to different positions of the second piston a, and a plurality of dispersion rods b226 at the end thereof, the other ends of the dispersion rods b are connected to different positions of the second piston b.

As shown in fig. 17 and 18, in a preferred embodiment, the first power member 220 includes a first housing 2143, a first screw 2142 is disposed in the first housing, the first screw is connected to a first slide block 2141, the first slide block is fixedly connected to a first driving rod, and the first screw is driven by a first motor 2144.

As shown in fig. 17 and 18, in a preferred embodiment, the second power member 227 comprises a second housing 2273, a second screw 2272 is disposed in the second housing, the second screw is connected to a second slide 2271, the second slide is fixedly connected to a second driving rod, and the second screw is connected to a second motor 2274 and driven by the second motor to control the second slide to move axially along the screw. In a preferred arrangement, the cross-sectional area of the first drive tube is greater than the cross-sectional area of the first connecting passage, so that a greater change in gas pressure at 441 is achieved by the first piston of the first drive tube squeezing a smaller area. A fixing plate 230 is provided in the housing 300 to fix the first driving pipe and the second driving pipe to the housing 300.

In the present embodiment, the doctor operates the operating lever 100 remotely to operate the forceps nozzle 400, specifically, the rotation and opening and closing operations are performed according to the requirements of the forceps nozzle, but the forceps nozzle may also be operated with other degrees of freedom, which is a conventional technique. The operation rod is provided with a corresponding sensor to detect the movement data of the moving rod 134, and the central processing unit controls the second motor 2274 according to the movement data, the second motor 2274 works to drive the second piston b to move, so as to change the air pressure of the sealed cavity, further push the second piston a222 to move, further push and pull the connecting pipe 462, the connecting pipe pushes and pulls the push-pull rod 450, further control the opening and closing of the forceps mouth, and the driving pipe can be stationary relative to the long pipe when the push-pull rod moves. Meanwhile, when the occlusion force of the forceps mouth is large, the air pressure of the sealed cavity between the second piston a and the second piston b is small (or large), the air pressure sensor arranged in the sealed cavity detects the air pressure of the sealed cavity, and transmits the air pressure data to the second controller 1211 of the mobile pressure control device 121 through the central processing unit, the second controller 1211 enables the air pressure in the mobile cavity 122 to be controlled to be the same as the air pressure in the sealed cavity through the air pump, the mobile piston is correspondingly squeezed and pulled, and then the human hand feels squeezing and pulling force, the squeezing and pulling force is in direct proportion to the occlusion force of the forceps mouth, and particularly, the area of the mobile piston can be increased to enable the human body to feel larger occlusion force.

Similarly, when the pincer mouth needs to be rotated, the connecting portion 120 and the handle are rotated to rotate the connecting portion relative to the fixing portion, the corresponding sensor detects the rotation data of the central rod 1141, and the first motor 2144 is controlled according to the rotation data, the first motor drives the first piston 215 to move, so as to change the air pressure in the connecting channel 441, the connecting channel is communicated with the arc-shaped cavity 432, and the third piston moves to further drive the driving tube 460 to rotate, so as to further drive the push-pull rod 450 to drive the pincer mouth to rotate. Similarly, the turning force of the forceps mouth is too large, the air pressure in the first driving pipe or the connecting channel is too large, the air pressure is detected and transmitted to the first controller 1121, the air pressure of the rotating cavity 1111 is correspondingly controlled by the first controller to be the detected air pressure, and a human body can feel the turning force of the forceps mouth through the strength of the turning force, so that a corresponding operation instruction is adjusted.

Claims

1. A neurosurgical robot component comprises a forceps mouth (400), a driving piece and an operating rod (100)

The driving piece comprises a shell (300) and a power piece (200) positioned in the shell, the shell is connected with the long pipe, the tail end of the long pipe is a tong nozzle, and the driving piece comprises a first pneumatic piece (210) and a second pneumatic piece (220);

the first pneumatic part (210) comprises a connecting sleeve (211), a first driving pipe (212), a first driving rod (213), a first power part (214) and a first piston (215), one end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the connecting channel (441), the other end of the connecting sleeve is communicated with the first driving pipe (212), the first piston is positioned at the tail end of the first driving rod and positioned in the first driving pipe (212), and the first driving rod (213) is driven by the first power part to squeeze and pull the first piston so as to change the air pressure in the first driving pipe (212);

the second pneumatic part (220) comprises a second driving pipe (221), a second piston a (222), a second piston b (223), a second driving rod (224), and a second power part (227), wherein the second piston a and the second piston b are both positioned in the second driving pipe, a sealed cavity is formed between the second piston a and the second piston b in the second driving pipe, the second piston a is connected with the connecting pipe, the second piston b is connected with the second driving rod (224), the second driving rod (224) is driven by the second power part to enable the second piston b to move so as to change the air pressure of the sealed cavity to drive the second piston a to push and pull the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is pushed and pulled to control the opening and closing of the forceps jaws;

a first sensing device for detecting the air pressure of the first driving pipe is arranged in the first driving pipe, and a second sensing device for detecting the air pressure of the sealed cavity is arranged in the second driving pipe;

the tail end of the connecting pipe is provided with a plurality of dispersion rods a (225), the other ends of the dispersion rods a are connected to different positions of the second piston a, the tail end of the second driving rod is provided with a plurality of dispersion rods b (226), and the other ends of the dispersion rods b are connected to different positions of the second piston b;

the pliers mouth comprises a first pliers mouth (410 a) and a second pliers mouth (410 b), a connecting head (420), a long pipe (440) and a push-pull rod (450), wherein the first pliers mouth (410 a) and the second pliers mouth (410 b) are hinged to the connecting head, the connecting head is connected with the long pipe, and the push-pull rod is connected with the first pliers mouth and the second pliers mouth and is driven to move so as to open and close the first pliers mouth and the second pliers mouth; the push-pull rod is sleeved with a driving pipe (460), an arc rod (470) is fixed on the driving pipe, a third piston (480) is arranged at the tail end of the arc rod, a movable pipe (430) is arranged at one end of a long pipe, a connector can rotate relative to the movable pipe, a bearing is arranged between the connector and the movable pipe, a movable cavity (431) is arranged at one side in the movable pipe, an arc cavity (432) is arranged in the other side, the arc center of the arc cavity is positioned on the central shaft of the driving pipe, one end of the arc cavity extends to the movable cavity, the other end of the arc cavity is communicated with a first power part at the far end through the long pipe, the arc cavity is communicated with a connecting channel (441), the air pressure in the arc cavity can be changed by the first power part at the far end to drive the third piston and the arc rod to move along the arc cavity, the arc cavity and the, the second clamp mouth and the connector rotate relative to the movable pipe (430);

the push-and-pull rod is connected with and rotates post (461), it is connected with connecting pipe (462) to rotate the post, the push-and-pull rod can rotate and then make the connecting pipe keep motionless relative to the long tube when driving pipe drive push-and-pull rod (450) rotate through rotating the post, the cross-section of push-and-pull rod is the square, be equipped with the passageway that the cross-section is the square in the driving pipe so that the push-and-pull rod passes the driving pipe and can be along driving pipe axial displacement, connecting pipe (462) are by the second power piece drive axial displacement of distal end in order to drive push-and-pull rod axial displacement and then make.

2. The neurosurgical robot assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first power member (220) comprises a first housing (2143), a first screw (2142) is arranged in the first housing, a first sliding block (2141) is connected to the first screw, the first sliding block is fixedly connected with the first driving rod, and the first screw is driven by a first motor (2144).

3. The neurosurgical robot assembly according to claim 2, wherein the second power member (227) comprises a second housing (2273), a second screw (2272) is disposed in the second housing, the second screw is connected to a second slider (2271), the second slider is fixedly connected to the second driving rod, and the second screw is connected to a second motor (2274) and driven by the second motor to control the second slider to move axially along the screw.

4. A neurosurgical robot assembly according to claim 3, wherein the first drive tube has a cross-sectional area greater than the cross-sectional area of the connecting channel.

5. The neurosurgical robot assembly according to claim 4, wherein a fixing plate (230) is provided within the housing (300) to fix the first and second drive tubes on the housing (300).