CN111182791B - Use of acyclic picolinamides as fungicides for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of agrochemicals, including compound I and its use for controlling fungal diseases in agriculturally useful vegetable crops.

Description

Use of acyclic picolinamides as fungicides for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in vegetables

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application serial No. 62/500172 filed on 5/2/2017, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of the use of (S) -1, 1-bis (4-fluorophenyl) propan-2-yl (3-acetoxy-4-methoxypyridinoyl) -L-alaninate for the control of fungal diseases in vegetables.

Background

Fungicides are compounds of natural or synthetic origin which act to protect plants against damage caused by agriculturally relevant fungi and to cure plants. In general, a single fungicide is not useful in all cases. Thus, research is being conducted to produce fungicides that can have better performance, are easier to use, and are less costly.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure relates to (S) -1, 1-bis (4-fluorophenyl) propan-2-yl (3-acetoxy-4-methoxypyridinoyl) -L-alaninate (compound I) and its use as a fungicide. Compound I may provide protection against ascomycetes (ascomycetes), basidiomycetes (basidiomycetes) and deuteromycetes (deuteromycetes).

One embodiment of the present disclosure includes a method of controlling a pathogen-induced disease in a plant at risk of infection by a pathogen, the method comprising contacting the plant or an area near the plant with a composition comprising compound I.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the use of compound I for protecting a plant from attack by or treating a plant infested by phytopathogenic organisms comprising applying compound I or a composition comprising compound I to the soil, the plant, a part of the plant, the leaves and/or the seeds.

In addition, another embodiment of the present disclosure is a composition for protecting a plant from attack by and/or treatment of a plant infested by phytopathogenic organisms comprising compound I and a phytologically acceptable carrier material.

Detailed Description

One exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a mixture for controlling the growth of fungi, the mixture comprising compound I:

compound I of the present disclosure may be administered by any of a variety of known techniques, either as compound I or in a formulation comprising compound I. For example, compound I can be applied to the roots, stems, seeds, flowers or leaves of plants for controlling various fungi without impairing the commercial value of the plants. Compound I may also be applied as foliar sprays, soil inclusions, soil drenchers, soil injections or seed treatments. The material may be applied in any of the usual formulation types, for example as a solution, powder, wettable powder, flowable concentrate or emulsifiable concentrate.

Preferably, compound I of the present disclosure is applied in a formulation comprising compound I and a phytologically acceptable carrier. The concentrated formulation may be dispersed in water or other liquid for application, or the formulation may be dusty or granular, which may then be applied without further treatment. The formulations may be prepared according to procedures conventional in the agrochemical art.

The present disclosure contemplates all vehicles that may be used by virtue of formulating compound I for delivery and use as fungicides. Typically, the formulations are administered as aqueous suspensions or emulsions. Such suspensions or emulsions may be produced from water-soluble, water-suspendable or emulsifiable formulations which are solids, commonly referred to as wettable powders; or a liquid, commonly referred to as an emulsifiable concentrate, aqueous suspension, or suspension concentrate. As will be readily appreciated, any material to which compound I can be added can be used so long as the material produces the desired effect without significantly interfering with the activity of compound I as an antifungal agent.

Wettable powders which can be compacted to form water-dispersible granules comprise an intimate mixture comprising compound I, an inert carrier and a surfactant. The concentration of compound I in the wettable powder may be from about 10% to about 90% by weight, more preferably from about 25% to about 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the wettable powder. In preparing wettable powder formulations, compound I may be compounded with any finely divided solid, such as pyrophyllite, talc, chalk, gypsum, fuller's earth, bentonite, attapulgite, starch, casein, gluten, montmorillonite clay, diatomaceous earth, pure silicates, and the like. In such an operation, the finely divided carrier and surfactant are typically blended and milled together with compound I.

Emulsifiable concentrates of compound I can comprise a suitable concentration, such as from about 10% to about 50% by weight of compound I in a suitable liquid, based on the total weight of the concentrate. Compound I may be dissolved in an inert carrier which is a water miscible solvent or a mixture of a water immiscible organic solvent and an emulsifier. The concentrate may be diluted with water and oil to form a spray mixture in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially the high boiling naphthalene and olefin fractions of petroleum, such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, for example terpene solvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones (such as cyclohexanone) and complex alcohols (such as 2-ethoxyethanol).

Emulsifiers that may be advantageously employed herein can be readily determined by one skilled in the art and include various nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers, or blends of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers used to prepare emulsifiable concentrates include polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, such as ethoxylated alkyl phenols and carboxylic acid esters solubilized with polyhydric alcohols or polyalkylene oxides. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include oil-soluble salts (e.g., calcium salts) of alkylaryl sulfonic acids, oil-soluble salts of phosphorylated polyglycol ethers, or sulfated polyglycol ethers and suitable salts.

Representative organic liquids that may be used to prepare the emulsifiable concentrates of compound I of the present invention are aromatic liquids such as xylene, propylbenzene fractions; or mixed naphthalene fractions, mineral oils, substituted aromatic organic liquids such as dioctyl phthalate; kerosene; dialkylamides of various fatty acids, especially dimethylamides of fatty diols and diol derivatives, such as n-butyl, ethyl or methyl ether of diethylene glycol, and methyl ether of triethylene glycol, and the like. Mixtures of two or more organic liquids may also be used to prepare the emulsifiable concentrate. The organic liquid comprises xylene and a propylbenzene fraction, with xylene being most preferred in some cases. Surface active dispersants are typically used in liquid formulations and are used in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt% based on the combined weight of the dispersant and compound I. The formulations may also contain other compatible additives such as plant growth regulators and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture.

An aqueous suspension comprising compound I may be dispersed in an aqueous vehicle at a concentration in the range of about 5% to about 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous suspension. The suspension is prepared by the following steps: compound I was finely milled and the milled material was vigorously mixed into a vehicle consisting of water and a surfactant selected from the same types discussed above. Other components such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums may also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous vehicle.

Compound I may also be applied in granular formulations, which are particularly suitable for application to soil. Particulate formulations typically contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of compound I, based on the total weight of the particulate formulation, dispersed in an inert carrier consisting entirely or mostly of coarsely divided inert materials such as attapulgite, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, clays, or similar inexpensive materials. Such formulations are typically prepared by the following steps: compound I is dissolved in a suitable solvent and then applied to a particulate carrier that has been preformed to an appropriate particle size in the range of about 0.5mm to about 3 mm. Suitable solvents are those in which compound I is substantially or completely dissolved. Such formulations can also be prepared by the following steps: a dough or paste of the vehicle and compound I and solvent is prepared, then extruded and dried to obtain the desired particles.

Dusts containing compound I can be prepared by intimately mixing the compound I in powder form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier (e.g., kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, etc.). The powder may suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% by weight of compound I, based on the total weight of the powder.

The formulations may additionally contain co-surfactants to enhance deposition, wetting and penetration of compound I on target crops and organisms. These co-surfactants may optionally be used as components of the formulation or as tank mixes. The amount of co-surfactant typically varies from 0.01 to 1.0 vol%, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 vol%, based on the volume of water sprayed. Suitable co-surfactants include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated nonylphenols, ethoxylated synthetic or natural alcohols, salts of esters or sulfosuccinic acids, ethoxylated silicones, ethoxylated fatty amines, and blends of surfactants with mineral or vegetable oils. The formulation may also comprise an oil-in-water emulsion, such as those disclosed in U.S. patent application serial No. 11/495,228, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

In certain instances, it would be advantageous to spray the formulation of compound I via aerial application using an airplane or helicopter. The exact composition of these aerial applications depends on the crop to be treated. Aerial application to vegetables employs a spray volume of preferably 15 to 50 liters per hectare (L/ha) containing preferably 0.05% to 15% of a standard surfactant, wetting, adhering, coating or penetrating additive (such as a nonionic surfactant, silicone or crop oil concentrate), based on the spray volume of water.

The formulation may optionally comprise a combination containing other pesticidal compounds. Such additional pesticidal compounds may be fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, nematocides, acaricides, arthropodicides, bactericides, additives (such as nonionic surfactants, silicones, or crop oil concentrates) or combinations thereof that are compatible with the compounds of the invention in the medium selected for application and which does not antagonize the activity of the compounds of the invention. Thus, in such embodiments, another pesticidal compound is used as a supplemental toxicant for the same pesticidal use or for a different pesticidal use. The compound I and the pesticidal compound in the combination may generally be present in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100: 1.

The compounds of the present disclosure may also be combined with other fungicides to form fungicidal mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. The compounds I of the present disclosure are typically applied in combination with one or more other fungicides to control a variety of undesirable diseases. When the compound I as claimed in the present invention is used in combination with one or more other fungicides, the compound I may be formulated with the one or more other fungicides, tank-mixed with the one or more other fungicides or applied sequentially with the one or more other fungicides. Such other fungicides may include 2- (thiocyanomethylthio) -benzothiazole, 2-phenylphenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, ametoctradin (ametoctradin), amisulbrom (amisulbrom), antimycin (antimycin), Ampelomyces graminis (Ampelomyces quisqualis), azaconazole (azaconazole), tolamine (azoxystrobin), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus subtilis T713 strain, bentazone (benalaxyl), tolanil (benomyl), benthiavalicarb-isoprox (Benzium), benzylaminopenzene-sulfate (BABS) salt, bicarbonate, biphenyl, bismerhiazole (bismerthiazol), paraquat (bitronol), bixafen (bixafen), milbemycin (asprellin-S), borazidine (borrelia-B), borazid (borzid), calcium polysulphide (bortebuconazole), calcium polysulphide (brome), calcium bromacil (bromacil), bromacil (boracil-S), bromacil (bromacil), bromacil-S (bromacil), bromacil (boracil) salts, bromacil (bromacil) salts, bromacil (bromacil), bromacil (bromacil) salts, bromacil (bromacil) salts, bromacil (bromacil) salts, bromacil (bromacil, bromacil (bromacil, brom, Capram (captan), benoxazide (carbazim), carboxin (carboxin), carpropamide (carpropamide), carvone (carvone), chleazafenone (chlazafenone), chlorotoluene (chloroneb), chlorothalonil (chlorothalonil), chlorohexidine (chlorozolite), Coniothyrium minitans (Coniothyrium minitans), copper hydroxide, copper octoate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate hydroxide (coppersulfate), cuprous oxide, cyazofamid (cyazofamid), cyflufenamid (cyflufenamid), cymoxanil (cymoxanil), cycozeb (cyazofamid), cyhalodinil (cyhalodinil), cyclomethicone (cyhalodinium), cyhalodinium chloride (diclofenadine), diclofenamid (diclofenamid), diclofenamid (diclofenadine), diclofenan (diclofenan), diclofenadine), diclofenan (diclofenamate), diclofenamate (diclofenamate), diclofenamate, diclofenac (diclofenamate), diclofenamate, diclofenap, and a, fenflurfenap, diclofenap, fenpropiconazole (fenpropiram (diclofenap, fenpropidium (fenpropidium, diclofenap, fenpropidium, fenpropiram (fenpropidium, fenpropidium, Dactyloxanil (diniconazole), dactyloxanil-M, dinotefuran (dinobuton), powdery mildew (dinocap), diphenylamine, azothioquinone (dithianon), dodemorph (dodemorph), dodemorph acetate, dodine (dodine), dodemodin free base, bentazone (edifenphos), enestrobin (enestroburin), enestroburin (enestroburin), eplerenone (epoxynazole), ethaboxam (ethaboxam), ethoxyquinoline (ethloxyquin), ethephrilide (ethidiazole), fenamidone (fenamidone), fenrimol (fenpropimide), fenpyrad (fenpyrad), fenpropafenib (fenpropaferol), fenpropineb (fenpropafenib), fenpyrad (fenbuconazole), fenpyrad (fenpyrad), fenpyrad (fenpyrad), fenflurazone (fenflurazone), fenflurazone (fenflurazone), fenflurazone (fenflurazone), fenflurazone (fenflurazone), fenflurazone (fenflurazone ), fenflurazone (fenflurazone ), fenflurazone (fenflurazone, fenflur, Flufenamide (fludioxolide), fluopyram (fluquinconazole), fluimide (flunomide), fluoxastrobin (fluxastrobin), fluquinconazole (fluquinconazole), fenfluride (flusilazole), fluthiamide (fluthiamide), flufenamide (fluthianil), flutolanil (flutolanil), fentefene (flutriafol), fluxapyroxapyroxamide (fluxapyroxad), thiram (fotpet), formaldehyde, fosetyl (fosetyl), fosetyl-aluminum (fosetyl-alum), fuberidazole (fuberidazazol), furalaxyl (furazaxyl), furazapyrim (furazamide), guazatine (guazate), bizidine (guazate), pyrimethamine (fenpyrazatine), fenacetrin (fenazamide), hexamidine (hexamidine), fenacetone (fenacetrimifon), fenamate (fenacetrin), fenacetrimipine (fenamate), fenacetrin (fenamate (fenacetrin (fenamate), fenamate (fenacetrin (fenamate), fenacetrin (fenamate), fenacet (fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenapyr), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fenapyr), fenapyr (fenamate), fenapyr (fena, Iprodione (iprodione), propineb (iprovalicarb), spinosad (isoprothiolane), naproxen (isopyrazam), isotianil (isotianil), calicheamicin (kasugamycin), kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin (laminarin), mancopper (mancopper), zincmanmanepham (mancozeb), mandipapamid (maneb), dexamethoxam (mefenoxam), mepanipyrin (mepanipyrim), meprobamate (mepiquat), meconococcine (meptyl-dinate), mercuric chloride, mercurous chloride, dexamethol (isothiocyanamide), dexamethomycin-M), amethomethicillin (meptyl-methyl), amethomycin (metham-iodine), amethomycin (metham-methyl), amethomycin (metham-iodine, amethomycin (metham), amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin (amethomycin-methyl), amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin (amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin-methyl, amethomycin, fenamidone (metrafenone), milbemycin (mildiomycin), mackerel (myclobutanil), sodium metbam (nabam), phthalazinone (nitrothalopropyl), nimoram (nuriol), octhiolone (octhionone), furosemide (ouroace), oleic acid (fatty acid), orysastrobin (orysastrobin), oxybenzone (oxadixyl), kuchenille (oxadixyl), oxadixyl (oxadixyl), oxozone fumarate (oxyponazole), carboxin (oxadixyl), butroxylol (pefurazoate), penoxsulin (penoxfenphos), penoxsulin (penoxfenuron), penflufen (penoxsulam), penoxsulin (penoxsulin), penoxsulin (penoxsulam), penoxsulin (penoxsulin), penoxsulin (penoxsulam), penoxsulin (penoxsulam), penoxsulin (propiconazole), propiconazole (propiconazole), propiconazole (propiconazole), propiconazole (propiconazole), propiconazole), propiconazole), propiconazole, Propamocarb (propamocarb), propamocarb hydrochloride (propamocarb hydrochloride), propiconazole (propiconazole), prothromonazole (pyraclosorbin), pyraclostrobin (pyrametosorbin), pyrazoxate (pyraoxystrobin), pyraoxystrobin (pyraoxystrobin), pyribenzolar (pyribencarb), pyributicarb (pyributicarb), fenox (pyrifenox), pyrimethanil (pyrimethanil), pyrofenpyroxene (pyriofenone), chlorothalonil (pyroquilon), dinotefuran (pyrimethanil), chlorothalonil (pyroquilon), dinotefuran (quinoxyne), flufen (quinoxyfen), flufen (flufenpyr), thifenpyr (flufenpyr), thiflufen (flufenpyr), thiflufen (flufenoxate), thiflufenoxate (flufenpyr), thiflufenozide (flufenozide), thiflufen-ethyl (flufen), thiflufen-ethyl (flufen), thiflufen (flufen), thiflufen-ethyl (flufen), thiflufen (flufen-ethyl (flufen), thiflufen-ethyl (flufen), thiflufen, thifenpyr-ethyl, thiflufen, thiflu, Examples of microorganisms include, but are not limited to, thiobendazole (Thiabendazole), cyflufenamid (thifluzamide), methylpolybutazine (thiophanate-methyl), thiram (thiram), tiadinil (tiadinil), prednisone (tolclofos-methyl), tolyfalin (tolyfluoride), tritafine (triadimimefon), tritylone (triadimimefon), triazoxide (tricyconazole), trinexazol (tricresyl), triflumuron (triflumuron), triforizole (triflumuron), triforine (triforinine), cyproconazole (triticonazol), virulicin (validamin), valineamine (valifenamate), peronosporal (valpromide), perone (virolide), peronosporal (valcaninum), penicillium (Streptomyces), zinc (triticum), penicillium (Streptomyces), Trichoderma (3- (Trichoderma), Trichoderma) s (Trichoderma), Trichoderma (Trichoderma, Trichoderma (Trichoderma) or Trichoderma (Trichoderma), Trichoderma (Trichoderma, tricho, 1, 2-dichloropropane, 1, 3-dichloro-1, 1,3, 3-tetrafluoroacetone hydrate, 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitronaphthalene, 1-chloro-2-nitropropane, 2- (2-heptadecyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl) ethanol, 2, 3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1, 4-dithia-1, 1,4, 4-tetraoxide, 2-methoxyethyl mercuric acetate, 2-methoxyethyl mercuric chloride, 2-methoxyethyl mercuric silicate, 3- (4-chlorophenyl) -5-methylrhodanine, 4- (2-nitroprop-1-enyl) phenylthiocyanato-ate, amidipyrifen, ambrosins (ampropylfos), Benomyl (anilazine), lixinine (azithiram), barium polysulfide, Bayer 32394, benoril (benodanil), quinoximones hydrazone (benquinox), tribenuron (bentalcuron), and benamacril (benzamicril); benzomaspin-isobutyl (benzacril-isobutryl), bendiocarb (benzamorf), benzovindiflupyr (benzovindiflurylpyr), binapacryl (binapacryl), bis (methylmercury) sulfate, bis (tributyltin) oxide, buthiobate, cadimiphos-copper zinc chromate sulfate, mocrocarb (carbamorph), CECA, chlorthalidone (chlorobenzothiazone), chloramphetamine (chloranformmethan), clofenzole (chlorofenazole), tetrachloroquinoxaline (chloroquinox), climbazole (climbazole), bis (3-phenyl salicylate), cuprammonium zinc chromate (copperzinc sulfate), coumoxystrobin (coumoxystrobin), copperidinocap (fructan), copper hydrazine sulfate (cuprizine), thiocyanatonium (thiocyclam), thiocyclam (chloroquinacrine), thiocyclam (chloroquine), thiocyclam (thiocyclam), thiocyclam (thiocyclam), thiocyclam (thiocyclam), thiocyclam (thiocyclam), thiocyclam) and (thiocyclam) or (thiocyclam) may be-N (thiocyclam, benacr, ben, Nitrooctyl (dinosulfon), nitrobutyl (dinterbon), dimemeprazole (dipyrmetitrone), dipyrithione (dipyrithione), propathron (ditalimfos), docoxin (docicin), fenaminodone (drazoxolon), EBP, enestroburin (enoxabin), ESBP, epoxiconazole (etaconazole), metiram (ethiam), ethanine (ethirim), fenaminosulf (fenaminosulf), fenamidone (fenaminostrobin), fenamidone (fenapanil), fenpyrazote (fenpropan), fenfenamidopropyl (fenprox), fenaminosulf (fluniconazole), fluquinconazole (fluquinconazole), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), flufenidone (flufenidone), furbenoxanil (, Isoproturon (isopathos), isopinodione (isovaledione), propanamine (mangestrobin), busulfan (mebenil), micarbine (mecarbinzid), meperfluorfen (mefenthifluzazole), metrazolon (metazoxolon), furoxamide (methfuraxam), methylmercury dicyandiamide (methyrcury dicyandiamide), tiadinamide (metsulffovax), metytetraprone, metiram (milneb), furosemide (mucochloride anhydride), metclozolium (myclozolin), N-3, 5-dichlorophenyl-succinimide, N-3-nitrophenylitaconamide, natamycin (natamycin), N-ethylmercuric-4-toluenesulfonylaniline, bis (dimethyldithiocarbamate) nickel, OCH, octopiroctone (dichlorophenolinum), dimercaptocarb (dimercaptocarb), thiuracil (dimercaptan), thifenthiuron (thiuram), thifenthiuram (thifenpyroxylum nitrate); thiophanate hydrochloride (prothiocarb hydrochloride), fluxapyroxad (pydiflumetofen), pyraclostrobin (pyraclostrobin), pyraclostrobin (pyracarb), pyraproproyne (pyraclostrobin), pyridazole (pyriflufen), pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen), pyribenzole (pyriproxyfen), pyrenox (pyrazoxazole), pyrrochlor (pyraxychlor), pyrzofurazon (pyroxyfur), hydroxyquinolyl ethanone (quinacotol), quinoline acetate sulfate (quinacol sulfate), quinazone (quinazamide), quinconazole (quinconazol), quinofluquinconazole (quinconazol), quinofluquinafur (quinafloline), pyridazole (rabenzazole), salicylanilide, SSF-109, penflufen (sultopen), tebuthion (triadimenol), thiflufenacil (fenpyraclostrobin), thiuram (thiflufenamide), thiuracil (thiuracil), pyrimethanil (trifloxystrobin), pyrimethanil (trifloxystrobin), pyrimethanil (trifloxystrobin), pyrimethanil (trifloxystrobin), pyrimethanil (trifloxystrobin), pyrimethanil (trifloxystrobin), pyrimethanil (trifloxystrobin (trifloxystrob.

In addition, compound I of the present invention can be combined with other pesticides (including insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, arthropodicides, bactericides or combinations thereof) that are compatible with compound I of the present invention in a medium that is selected for application and that does not antagonize the activity of compound I to form pesticidal mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. The compounds I of the present disclosure may be applied in combination with one or more other pesticides to control a variety of undesirable pests. When the compound I as claimed in the present invention is used in combination with one or more other insecticides, the compound I can be formulated with one or more other insecticides, tank-mixed with one or more other insecticides, or applied sequentially with one or more other insecticides. Typical insecticides include, but are not limited to: antibiotic insecticides such as aloamindin and threoninginsin; macrolide insecticides such as spinosad and spinosad; avermectin (avermectins) insecticides such as abamectin (abamectin), doramectin (doramectin), amectin (emamectin), eprinomectin (eprinomectin), ivermectin (ivermectin) and selamectin (selamectin); milbemycin insecticides such as rapimidin (lepimectin), milbemectin (milbemectin), milbemycin oxime (milbemycin oxime), and moxidectin (moxidectin); carbamate insecticides such as bendiocarb (bendiocarb) and carbaryl (carbaryl); benzofuran methylcarbamate insecticides such as benfuracarb, carbofuran, bulgax, carbosulfan, carbofuran and furathiocarb; dimethyl carbamate insecticides, damitan (dimitan), cyromazine (dimetilan), quinacrine (hyquincarb) and picamicarb (pirimicarb); oximino carbamate insecticides such as cotton boll-carbofuran (alanycarb), aldicarb (aldicarb), aldicarb (aldoxycarb), bujiaxin (butocarboxim), butoxycarb (butoxycarbxim), methomyl (methomyl), valerylcarb (nitrilacarb), oxamyl (oxamyl), carbosulfan (tazimcarb), carbofuran (thiocarboxamide), thiodicarb (thiodicarb) and thiovar (thiofanox); phenyl methyl carbamate insecticides such as fenoxycarb (alloxycarb), methomyl (aminocarb), difenocarb (bufencarb), carbcarb (butacarb), carbofuran (carbanilate), carbofuran (cloethocarb), dichlorcarb (difesoxycarb), dioxacarb (dioxacarb), EMPC, ifenck (ethiofencarb), ethylcarb (fenthacarb), butylcarb (fenocarb), buparb (isoprocarb), methiocarb (methiocarb), methiocarb (methocarb), methocarb (mexacarb), lufenuron (promacyl), methiocarb (promecarb), XMC, and xylcarb (xylcarb); desiccant insecticides such as boric acid, diatomaceous earth and silica gel; diamide insecticides such as bromofluoroaniline (broflanilide), clavulanate (chlorendriole), cyantraniliprole (cyanamide), cyclamamide (cyclaniliprole), chlorofluorocarbonamide (cyhalodiamide), fludamide (flubendiamide), tetrachlorocyanamide (tetrachlororanipriole) and tetrapropamide (tetramiliprole); diaryl isoxazoline insecticides such as chlorofluorocarbonamide (fluxamide); dinitrophenol insecticides such as dicofol (dinex), dinoropol (dinoprop), dinopromol (dinosam), and DNOC; fluorine insecticides such as barium hexafluorosilicate, cryolite (cryolite), sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate and sulfluramid (sulfluramid); formamidine insecticides such as amitraz, chlorfenapyr (chlorfenapyr), famesoxim (formanate), and acarbon (formamidate); fumigant insecticides such as acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chloropicrin, p-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2-dichloropropane, ethyl formate, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, hydrogen cyanide, methyl iodide, methyl bromide, methyl chloroform, methylene chloride, naphthalene, phosphine, sulfonyl fluoride, and tetrachloroethane; inorganic insecticides such as borax (borax), calcium polysulfide, copper oleate, mercurous chloride, potassium thiocyanate, and sodium thiocyanate; chitin synthesis inhibitors such as bistrifluron (bistrifluron), bufenozin (buprofezin), chlorotoluron (chlorotfluazuron), cyromazine (cyromazine), difiuron (diflubenzuron), cyclohalourea (flucycloxuron), flufenuron (flufenoxuron), hexaflumuron (hexaflumuron), fenuron (lufenuron), novaluron (novaluron), noviflumuron (noviflumuron), fluazuron (penfluron), teflubenzuron (teflubenzuron) and trifiuron (triflumuron); juvenile hormone mimics such as juvenile ether (eponenane), fenoxycarb (fenoxycarb), hydroprene (hydroprene), methoprene (kinoprene), priphen (pyriproxyfen), and methoprene (triprene); juvenile hormones such as juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, and juvenile hormone III; mesoionic insecticides such as diclomezotiaz and triflumylpyrim; ecdysone antagonists such as chrysophanol (chromafenozide), halofenozide (halofenozide), methoxyfenozide (methoxyfenozide), and tebufenozide; ecdysones such as alpha-ecdysone (alpha-ecdysone) and ecdysterone (ecdysterone); molting inhibitors such as bendiofen (diofenolan); precoxins (precocenes) such as precocene I, precocene II, and precocene III; unclassified insect growth regulators such as dicyclanil (dicyclanil); nereistoxin (nereistoxin) analogue insecticides such as bensultap, cartap, thiotran and monosultap;

pyridyl pyrazole insecticides such as tyropyrazoflor; nicotinic insecticides such as flonicamid (flonicamid); nitroguanidine insecticides such as clonidine (clothianidin), dinotefuran (dinotefuran), imidacloprid (imidacloprid) and thiamethoxam (thiamethoxam); nitromethylene insecticides such as nitenpyram (nitenpyram) and nitroethylurea thiazole (nithiazine); pyridylmethyl-amine insecticides such as acetamiprid (acetamiprid), cycloxaprid (cycloxaprid), imidacloprid (imidacloprid), nitenpyram (nitenpyram), and methicillin (thiamprind); organic chlorine insecticides such as bromo-DDT, toxaphene (camphechlorir), DDT, pp' -DDT, ethyl-DDD, HCH, γ -HCH, lindane (lindane), methoxychlor (methoxychlor), pentachlorophenol, and TDE; cyclodiene insecticides such as atrazine (aldrin), carminative (bronyclene), borneolum (chlorocyne), chlordane (lordane), chlordecone (chlorodecanone), dieldrin (dieldrin), diprophylline (dilor), spinosad (endosulfan), alpha-thiodan (alpha-endosulfan), enterin (endin), HEOD, bood (hexafluor), HHDN, carboclor (isobenzan), isochloromethyl bridge (isodorin), dioxolane (kelevan), and mirex (mirex); organophosphate insecticides such as bromophenol (bromofenvinfos), kefir (chlorofenvinphos), crotonylphos (crotoxyphos), dichloropines (dichlorovos), dichloropinos (dicrotophos), dimethylnitrosamines (dimethylvinphos), chlorpyrifos (fosinate), heptenophos (heptenophos), insecticidal vinylphos (methylcrotophos), mevinphos (mevinphos), monocrotophos (monocrotophos), naled (naled), naphthylenephos (naftalos), forzen (phos), propiophos (midprophos), TEPP and bentlorphos (tetrachlorovinphos); organic thiophosphate insecticides such as acephate (dioxabenzofos), fenthion (fosmethialan), and cedarson (phenothate); aliphatic organic thiophosphate insecticides such as esparto (diethylthiophosphate), amifostide (amiton), cadusafos (cadusafos), phosphorus oxychloride (chlorophenoxyfos), chlorthion (chlorophenoxy fos), tianmephos (demeton), oxyphos (demeton-O), demeton-S, demeton-methyl, methylisothion (demeton-O-methyl), methylisothion (demeton-S-methyl), thionophosphor (demeton-S-methyl), thiosultrin (disulfoton), ethion (ethion), thioprim (IPS), thioprim (thioprim), thioprimidone (thioprimidone), thioprimidone (methasone), thiosulponate (thiamethoxide), thioprim (thiamethoxide), thioprimidone (sulpon (thiamethoxide), thioprim (thioprim), sulpon (thion (sulfamate), sulpons (thiamethoxide), sulpons (thioprim (thios (thioprim), sulpons (thios (thioprim (thios), sulpons (thiobensulpons (thios (thiobensulpons), sulpons (thios), sulpons (thiosulpons (sulpons), sulpons (sulpons) and sulpons (sulpons) as pesticides), sulpons (sulpons) and sulpons (sulpons) as pesticides), sulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbenins (sulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbens (S) and bensulbensulbensulbensulbens (S) and bensulbensulbenins (sulbenins) as, bens (bensulbensulbens (bensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbensulbenins (benins) as, Sulfotep, tolfenuron (terbufos) and thiometon (thiometon); aliphatic amide organic thiophosphate insecticides such as sulfothion (amidition), xanthofos (cyantate), dimethoate (dimethoate), phosmet-methyl (ethopate-methyl), formonones (formothoate), medakam (mecarbam), omethoate (omethoate), triamcinolone (prothioate), thiophosphor (thiophanate), and aphidicol (vamidothion); oximino organophosphothiophosphate insecticides such as chlorophoxim (chlorohexim), phoxim (phoxim), and phoxim-methyl; heterocyclic organic thiophosphate insecticides such as azamethiphos (azamethiphos), chlorambucil (coumaphos), fosthien (coumaphos), fenamiphos (dioxathion), ethoprophos (endothion), temozolon (menazon), murthon (morphhion), bensulone (phos), beclometha (pyriclofos), bensulone (pyridiphenthion), and quinalphos (quinthoon); benzothiopyran organic thiophosphate insecticides, such as dithofos and thiocofos; benzotriazine organothiophosphate insecticides such as ethylvalproate (azinphos-ethyl) and salsulosin (azinphos-methyl); isoindoline organothiophosphate insecticides such as delafosinate (dialifos) and bensulide (phosmet); isoxazole organic thiophosphate insecticides such as clorfazone (isoxathion) and zolaprofos (zolaprofos); pyrazolopyrimidine organophosphate insecticides such as chlorisonde (chloridazophos) and pinus chalybeana (pyrazophos); pyridine organic thiophosphate insecticides such as gallinaceous (chloripyrfos) and methyl gallinaceous; pyrimidine organic thiophosphate insecticides such as buthionone (butathiofos), daminon (diazinon), yidophos (etrimfos), pinocembrin (lirimfos), ethylidene-ethyl (pirimiphos-ethyl), pinocembrin (pirimiphos-methyl), pyrimidinepine (primidophos), pyrithion (pyrimitate), and ticarcissus (tebutirimfos); quinoxaline organothiophosphate insecticides such as benzoquinone (quinalphos) and benzoquinone; thiadiazole organic thiophosphate insecticides such as etozapine (athiathiathion), fosthiazate (lythidathion), methamphetamine (methidathion) and ethithion (prothhiazaton); triazole organic thiophosphate insecticides, such as chlorzofos and tribenuron (triazophos); phenyl organic thiophosphate insecticides such as azophos (azothoate), bromophos (bromophos), ethylbromophos, california (carbophenothion), bufenon (chlorophenoxy), fenvalerate (cyanophos), methidathion (cythionate), isochlorophos (dicapthon), fenamiphos (dichlofenthion), tamethofen (etophos), famprip (famchur), dimethenan (fenchlophos), prometon (fenstrothrion), fenthiuron (fenthion), fenthion (fenthion), ethofenphos, thiothiothiophos (hetetophos), iodophos (jodfenphos), metthion (mesulfenfos), barthon (parathion), methylparasons, fenthion (phenthon), parathion (chlorophenoxy), chlorphos (chlorphenothios), propathos (3-oxyphos), propathene (3-thios (propathene), and trimethophos (fenamiphos); phosphonate insecticides such as butonate (butonate) and trichloropine (trichlorofon); thiophosphonic acid insecticides such as tetramethylphosphine (mecarphon); phenylethylthiophosphonic acid insecticides such as difenofos and trichloro acid salts; phenylphenylthiophosphonic acid insecticides such as prednisone (cynofenphos), EPN and fosinophos (leptophos); phosphoric acid amide insecticides such as fosthien (crufomate), fenaminosulf (fenamiphos), thiothidiazide (foshietan), mefosfon (mefosfonan), thiothifos (fosfonan) and pyrimethasone (pirimepiphos); thiophosphoric acid amide insecticides such as, for example, isslarone (acephate), isocarbophos (isocarbophos), fenaminosulf (isofenphos), methamidophos (methamidophos), and triafamone (propetataphos); phosphoric acid diamide insecticides such as phosphorus methofluoride (dimefox), phosphorus azide (mazidox), phosphorus propanil (mipafox), and octaphosphorus (schrad); oxadiazine (oxadiazine) insecticides, such as indacarb; phthalimide insecticides such as delafosinate (dialfoss), benezole (phosmet) and metridinine (tetramethrin); pyrazole insecticides such as acetochlor (acetoprole), ethiprole (ethiprole), fipronil (fipronil), pyriproxyfen (pyrafluprole), pyriproxyfen (terbufenpyrad), tolfenpyrad (tolfenpyrad) and vaseline (vanilprole); pyrethroid (pyrethroid) insecticides such as ananine (acrinathrin), alendronine (allethrin), allethrin (bioallethrin), chrysanthemate (barthrin), bifenthrin (bifenthrin), shenethanin (bioethanomethrin), cyclopentene (cyclopenten), cycloprothrin (cycloprothrin), cyfluthrin (cyfluthrin), beta-cyfluthrin (beta-cyfluthrin), Xeronin (cyhalothrin), gamma-Xeronine, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (cypermethrin), alpha-cyromethrin, beta-nprythrin, theta-cyromethrin, cyromazine, cyphenothrin (cyphenothrin), dimehrin (tetramethrin), transfluthrin (mefhermethrin), dithhrin (fluthrin), cyfluthrin (pentafluthrin), cyfluthrin (fluthrin), cyfluthrin (cyfluthrin), cyphenothrin (cyphenothrin), dimethrin (fluthrin), cyfluthrin (fluthrin (cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin, cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin, cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin), cyhalothrin (fluthrin, cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin, Tau-flirtin (fluvalinate), pyrethroids (furethrin), enoximes (hepfluthrin), ipratron (imiprothrin), meperfluthrin (meperfluthrin), metofluthrin (methofluthrin), epsilon-metofluthrin (epsilon-metofluthrin), metofluthrin (momfluthrin), epsilon-momfluthrin (momfluthrin), permethrin (permfluthrin), permethrin (permethrin), permethrin (bioperfluthrin), transfluthrin (transfluthrin), phenothrin (phenothrin), plectranthin (prallethrin), proffluthrin (prothrin), pyrethrin (pymethrin), furethrin (reshrin), kafluthrin (diaphrin), pyrethroids (fluthrin), tefluthrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (fluthrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (fluthrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin ), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin; pyrethroid (pyrethioid) ether insecticides such as etofenprox (etofenprox), trifloxystrobin (flufenprox), hexfenin (halfenprox), propylbenzene hydrocarbon pyrethroid (protifenbute) and deltamethrin (silafluofen); pyrimidinamine insecticides such as fenfenin (flufenerim) and bethefin (pyrimidifen); pyrrole insecticides such as crovapren (chlorefenapyr); tetramic acid (tetramic acid) insecticides such as spiroperition and spirotetramat; tetronic acid insecticides such as spiromesifen (spiromesifen); thiourea insecticides, such as, for example, tiofenuron (diaflunthiuron); urea insecticides such as flucofuron (flucofuron) and chlorfenapyr (sulcofuron); unclassified nematicides such as triflumidine amide (fluzaindolizine) and tioxafen (tioxazafen); and unclassified insecticides such as bezpyrimoxan, closantel (closantel), copper naphthenate, clotrimazole (crotamiton), EXD, anti-acarid (fenzaflor), fenoxaprop (fenoxacrim), fluxasulfone (fluhexfon), flupyrmin, elminth (hydramylon), isoprothiolane (isoprothiolane), terfenapyr (malonoben), mefluzone (metaflumizone), fomesafen (nifluride), oxazlyl, triclosan (plifenate), piperonyl (pyridazole), pyridalyl (pyriproxyfen), pyrifluquine (pyrifluquinazon), iodoetheramide (rafoxanide), flufenapyr (sulafloxacin), hexythiazole (hexythiazole), pyrazox (pyrazox), pyrazox (pyrazothion), and triazamate (triazamate), and any combination thereof.

In addition, the compounds I of the present invention can be combined with herbicides compatible with the compounds I of the present invention in a medium selected for application and which does not antagonize the activity of the compounds I to form pesticidal mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. The fungicidal compounds I of the present disclosure may be applied in combination with one or more herbicides to control a variety of undesirable vegetation. When the presently claimed compound I is used in combination with one or more other herbicides, the compound I can be formulated with one or more other herbicides, tank-mixed with one or more other herbicides or applied sequentially with the herbicides. Typical herbicides include, but are not limited to: amide herbicides such as chlorantraniliprole (alidochlor), beflubutamid (beflubutylamid), benzamidoxyacetic acid (benzadox), benoxacor (benzzipam), bromfenamide (bromobutide), cafenstrole (cafenstrole), CDEA, tricyclothiazole (cyprazole), metofenamid (dimethenamid), metofenamid-P, dapheniramid (diphenimide), triazamate (epinaz), pyrimethabenzethrin (etnpromide), fentrazamide (fentrazamide), flutriafol (fluxazole), fomesafen (fomesafen), halofenamid (halosafen), butanamide (isocarbamide), isoxaben (isoxabenoxaben), norfluramide (naparamide), dinafzepam (napthalamide), fenacetoamide (fenazamide), penoxfenamipramide (fenazamide), butafenacetoamide (fenacetoamide (butachlor), butafenacetoamide (butachlor (fenamate), butafenacetoamide (butachlor (fenamate); aniline herbicides such as butachlor (chloranocryl), cis-aniline, cromeprop (clomeprop), cyprodinil (cyprromide), diflufenican (diflufenican), ethofencarb (etobenzanid), bensulam (fenasulam), flufenacet (flufenacet), diflufenican (flufenacin), mefenacet (mefenacet), sulfluramid (mefluidide), metamifop (metamifop), heptanoyl (monatide), naproxen (napropamide), mechlorethamine (pentahlocor), picolinafen (picolinafen) and phen (propanil); aromatic alanine herbicides such as neodelphine (benzolprop), ryegrass flurate (flamprop) and ryegrass flurate-M (flamprop-M); chloracetanilide herbicides such as acetochlor (acetochlor), larval (alachlor), tulathroma (butachlor), butachlor (buteachlor), isobutramine (delachlor), acetochlor (diethyl), dimethachlor (dimethachlorir), dimethenamid (metazachlor), metolachlor (metolachlor), l-metolachlor (S-metolachlor), pranlac (pretilachlor), ramon (propachlor), propisochlor (prynachlor), terbutrol (terbuchlor), euphorbia (theophyllochlor) and xylamine (xylachlor); sulfoaniline herbicides such as fluroxypyr, fluazinam, pyriproxyfen, and flumetsulam; sulfonamide herbicides such as asulam (asulam), tribenuron (carbasulam), carbosulfan (fenasulam), and oryzalin (oryzalin); thioamide herbicides such as diclofen (chlorethaamid); antibiotic herbicides such as, for example, piper longum (bilinafos); benzoic acid herbicides such as chlorambum (chloramben), tebuconazole (dicamba), 2,3,6-TBA and dicamba (tricamba); pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicides such as bispyribac (bispyribac) and pyriminobac (pyriminobac); pyrimidylthiobenzoate herbicides such as pyrithiobac-methyl (pyrithiobac); phthalic acid herbicides such as chloranthus japonicus (chlorethal); picolinic acid herbicides such as aminopyralid (aminopyralid), pymetrozine (clopyralid), fluroxypyr ester (flopyrauxen), haloxifen (halauxifen) and bichroman (picloram); quinoline carboxylic acid herbicides such as Quincrasol (quinclorac) and chloroquine (quinmerac); arsenic herbicides such as dimethyl arsenate, CMA, DSMA, hexafluoro-acid salts, MAA, MAMA, MSMA, potassium arsenite and sodium arsenite; benzoyl cyclohexanedione herbicides such as fenquintrione (fenquinotrione), lanocotrione (lancotrione), mesotrione (mesotrione), sulcotrione (sulcotrione), tefurotrizone (tefuryltrione) and tembotrione (tembotrione); benzofuranyl alkylsulfonate herbicides such as benfuresate and benfluramine;

benzothiazole herbicides such as benazolin; carbamate herbicides such as asulam, carbazoles, chloroprocarb, benazolin, bencarb, triamcinolone, and terbufate; carbanilate (carbanilate) herbicides such as barban, BCPC, haloxynil (carbasulam), carbamazamide (carbadiamide), CEPC, clorfam (chloroufam), chlorpropham (chlorophorph), CPPC, desmedipham, phentermine (phenotopham), phenmedipham, ethylphentermine, propham (propham), and swep (swep); cyclohexenoxime herbicides such as galileo (alloxydim), butroxydim (butroxydim), clethodim (clethodim), cyclobutenedione (cloproxydim), cycloxydim (cycloxydim), cycloxydim (profoxdim), sixydim (sethoxydim), tebuthoxydim (teproxydim) and tralkoxydim (tralkoxydim); cyclopropyl isoxazole herbicides such as isoxachlorotole (isoxachlortolole) and isoxaflutole (isoxaflutole); dicarboximide herbicides such as ethyl-cyhalofop (cinidon-ethyl), flufenox (fluzin), flumiclorac (fluuliclorac), flumioxazin (flunixazin) and propyzamide (fluniipropyn); dinitroaniline herbicides such as flumioxazin (benfluralin), bidinin (butralin), quinramine (dinitramine), ethambucil (ethalfluralin), flumetsulam (fluchlalin), isoprotulin (isopopalin), metoclopramide (methamphalin), imazamethamphetamine (nitralin), oryzalin (oryzalin), primordium (pendimethalin), prodiamine (prodiamine), cyhalofop (profluralin), and trifuralin (fluralin); dinitrophenol herbicides such as dinotefuran, dinoprophenol, dinosam, dinotefuran, DNOC, dinotefuran and dinotefuran; diphenyl ether herbicides such as fluroxypyr (ethoxyfen); nitrophenyl ether herbicides such as aceflufen (aciflurfen), aclonifen (acifenien), bifenox (bifenox), methoxyphenoxyfen (chlorithoxyfen), cyhalofop (chlorinitrofen), pyrimethan (ethiprolide), acifluorfen (fluoronifen), fluoroglycofen (fluoroglycofen), fluorofen (fluoronifen), fomesafen (fomesafen), furacil (furoxyfen), halofen (halosafen), lactofen (lactoofen), fenugen (nitrofen), trifluoromethoxyfen (nitrofen) and fluroxyprofen (oxyfluorofen); dithiocarbamate herbicides such as meylon (dazomet) and simethid (meta); halogenated aliphatic herbicides such as orolac (alorac), trichloropropionic acid (chlorophon), delaben (dalapon), fluoropropionic acid (flupopanate), hexachloroacetone, iodomethane, bromomethane, monochloroacetic acid, SMA, and TCA; imidazolinone herbicides such as imazamethabenz (imazamethabenz), imazapic (imazamox), imazapyr (imazapic), imazapyr (imazapyr), imazaquin (imazaquin), and imazethapyr (imazethapyr); inorganic herbicides such as ammonium sulfamate, borax (borax), calcium chlorate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, and sulfuric acid; nitrile herbicides such as furfuryl cyanide (bromoonil), bromoxynil (bromoxynil), hydroxyfenapyr (chloroxynil), cyclopyranil, dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), iopronil (iodobonil), ioxynil (ioxynil), and pyraclonil (pyraclonil); organophosphorus herbicides such as amifost (amiprofos-methyl), anilofos (anilofos), bensulide (bensulide), piperafos (bilanafos), butafosinate (butamifos), 2,4-DEP, DMPA, EBEP, fosamifost (fosamine), glufosinate (glufosinate), glufosinate-P, glyphosate (glyphosate) and piperophos (piperophos); phenoxy herbicides such as bromophenol oxime (bromofeoxim), clomeprop (clomeprop), 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, glutacofen (difenopentene), cypress (disul), fenoxaprop (erbon), pyriproxyfen (etnipromid), chlorophenoxyethanol (fenteracol), and trifolium oxime (trifopsime); oxadiazoline herbicides such as methazole, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon; oxazole herbicides such as isoxasulfone (fenoxasulfone); phenoxyacetic acid herbicides such as 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 3,4-DA, MCPA-thioethyl and 2,4, 5-T; phenoxy butyric acid herbicides such as 4-CPB, 2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, MCPB and 2,4, 5-TB; phenoxypropionic acid herbicides such as clorprop, 4-CPP, 2, 4-dichlorprop-P,

3,4-DP, 2,4, 5-rhinopropionic acid (fenoprop), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid (mecoprop) and 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid-P (mecoprop-P); aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides such as clodinafop (clorazifop), clodinafop (clodinafop), chloropropionic acid (clofeop), cyhalofop (cyhalofop), diclofop (diclofop), fenoxaprop (fenoxaprop), fenoxaprop-P, thiazopyr (fenthiaprop), fluazifop (fluazifop), fluazifop-P, halofluroxypyr (haloxyfop), chlorofluorocarbon-P, isoxaflufen (isoxapyrop), metamifop (metamifop), promaquizafop (propaquizafop), sufentra (quizafop), sufenfluroxypyr-P and trifluorophenoxypropionic acid (trifop); phenylenediamine herbicides such as dinoflagellate (dinitramine) and prodiamine (prodiamine); pyrazole herbicides such as pyrazole sulfone (pyroxasulfone); benzoylpyrazole herbicides such as tralkoxydim (benzofenap), pyrasulfotole (pyrasulfotole), pyraclonil (pyrazolinate), primevern (pyrazoxyfen), topramelate (tolprim), and pyraflufen (topramezone); phenylpyrazole herbicides such as pyraflufen-ethyl (fluazolate), triclopyr (nipyraclofen), pinoxaden (pioxaden), and patchouli (pyraflufen); pyridazine herbicides such as bifenox (credazine), cyromazine (cycloprozoate), pyridaben (pyridafol) and bitrex (pyridate); pyridazinone herbicides such as atrazine (bromopyrazone), chloranil (chloridazon), pyridaben (dimyridazon), flupyridazinyl (flufenpyr), dimethomorph (metflurazon), norflurazon (norflurazon), pyridaben (oxapyr) and pyraflufen (pydanon); pyridine herbicides such as aminopyralid (aminopyralid), iodopicolinate (clodinate), pyriproxyfen (cyclopyralid), pyriproxyfen (dithiopyr), fluroxypyr (flurpyr), fluroxypyr (fluroxypyr), haloxifen (halauxifen) fluroxypyr (haloxydine), bicolor (picloram), picolinafen (picolinafen), triclopyr (pyriclor), thiazopyr (thiazopyr), and triclopyr; pyrimidinediamine herbicides such as propadine (iprymidam) and cyhalonil (tioclorim); quaternary ammonium herbicides such as pasture grass (cyperquat), dietham (diethamquat), difenzoquat (difenozoquat), diquat (diquat), varez (morfamquat) and malachite (paraquat); thiocarbamate herbicides such as butyrate, cycloate, dichlorate (di-allate), EPTC, esprocarb (esprocarb), dichlorate (ethiolate), agaricus (isopolinate), methiocarb (methiobenzate), molinate (molinate), prosulfocarb (orbencarb), trimaran (pebulate), prosulfocarb (prosulfocarb), pyributicarb (pyributicarb), suncrack (sulfallate), thiobencarb (thiobencarb), paraquat (tiocarb), triallate (triallate), and myristyl (vernolate); thiocarbonic acid herbicides such as, for example, chloramben (dimexano), EXD and prometryn (proxan); thiourea herbicides such as metoxuron; triazine herbicides such as dimethomorph (dipropetryn), indaziflam (indaziflam), triaziflam (triaziflam), and trihydroxytriazine; chlorotriazine herbicides such as atrazine, clonazine, cyanazine, cycloprozine, liquirizine, metribuzin, mesotrazine, cyclopropanenitrile, propalinazine, propazine, butrazine, semuzazine, simazine, terbuthylazine and trietazine; methoxytriazine herbicides such as atraton (atraton), metoeton (metoeton), prometon (prometon), sec-butyl (secbumeton), cimaton (simeton) and terbuton (terbumeton); methylthiotriazine herbicides such as dimethomorph, aziprotryne, cyanazine, desmethyn, dimethomorph, simetryn and terbutryn; triazinone herbicides such as metribuzin (ametridione), amethozine (amibuzin), flufenazine (hexazinone), butazidine (isomethizin), metamitron (metamitron), metribuzin (metribuzin), and triflummoxazin (triflumimoxazin); triazole herbicides such as imazapyr (amitrole), cafenstrole (cafenstrole), pyraflufen (epronaz) and flufenoxam (flupoxam); triadimefon herbicides such as amicarbazone (amicarbazone), benflurazone (bencarbazone), clenbuterol (carpfentrazone), flucarbazone (flucarbazone), fenchlorazole (ipfencarbazone), tribenuron-methyl (propaxycarbazone), flumetsulam (sulfentrazone) and ketonurenin (thiencarbazone-methyl); triazolopyrimidine herbicides such as cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam and pyroxsulam; uracil herbicides such as benfenacil (benzfendizone), comfrey (bromiacil), bufennel (butafenacil), primisulfuron-ester (flupropacil), isoxadine (isocil), lenacil (lenacil), saflufenacil (saflufenacil) and terbacil (terbacil); urea herbicides such as benzthiazuron (benzthiazuron), cumyluron (cumyluron), cycluron (cyclouron), chlorotoluron (dichloralurea), diflufenzopyr (diflufenzopyr), isoproturon (isonoruron), esturon (isouron), methabenzthiaron (methabenzthiazuron), monesulfuron (moniron), and gluron (noruron); diurea herbicides such as white grass (anisuron), clodinafuron (buturon), chlordiazuron (chlorolumon), chlordiazuron (chlorotetraron), chlortoluron (chlorotoluron), withered grass (chloroxuron), sedum (chlorsulfuron), sedum (damuron), cymarone (dimefuron), dacron (diuron), fenuron (fenuron), preduron (flumuron), chlordanum (fluothuron), isoproturon (isoproturon), synuron (linuron), chlordiazuron (methiuron), metsulfuron (methydysulfuron), pyroron (metobenuron), promonoron (metosuluron), metoxuron (metoxuron), tefluron (metoxuron), and tefluuron (halouron); pyrimidylsulfonylurea herbicides such as amidosulfuron (amidosulfuron), azimsulfuron (azimsulfuron), bensulfuron (bensulfuron), chlorimuron (chlorimuron), cyclosulfuron (cyclosulfuron), thifensulfuron (ethysulfuron), flazasulfuron (flazasulfuron), flucetosulfuron (flucetosulfuron), flazasulfuron (flupyrsulfuron), foramsulfuron (formasulfuron), synthosulfuron (halosulfuron), imazosulfuron (mesosulfuron), bisulphuron (metazosulfuron), nicosulfuron (nicosulfuron), anilosulfuron (triflussulfuron), epoxysulfuron (oxasulfuron), sulfosulfuron (sulfamuron), sulfosulfuron (propylsulfuron), sulfosulfuron (sulfosulfuron), sulfosulfuron (propylsulfuron) (triflusulfuron (propylsulfuron), sulfosulfuron (sulfosulfuron) (triflusulfuron (propylsulfuron); triazinylsulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron (chlorosulfuron), cinosulfuron (cinosulfuron), ethametsulfuron (ethametsulfuron), iodosulfuron (iodosulfuron), iodofensulfuron (iofensulfuron), sulforon (metsulfuron), prosulfuron (prosulfuron), thifensulfuron (thifensulfuron), triasulfuron (tribuloron), tribenuron (tribenuron), triflusulfuron (triflusuron) and triflusulfuron (tritosulfon); thiadiazolyl urea herbicides such as buthiuron (buthiuron), thidiazuron (ethidimuron), desmuron (tebuthiuron), thiafluuron (thiazafluron) and thidiazuron (thidiazuron); and unclassified herbicides such as acrolein (acrolein), allyl alcohol, aminocyclopyrachlor (aminocyclopyrachlor), mefenadine (azafenidin), bentazone (bentazone), benzobicyclon (benzobicyclon), dicyclopentanone (bicyclophoron), buthioimidazolone (buthizole), calcium cyanamide, diclozene (camberyl), varek (chlorifenac), avenate (chlofuran), chlorfenapyr (chloridazole), cumarol (chlorin), clofenazole (clofenazole), clofenapyr (clofenazole), clofenadine (clofenazole), clofenate (clofenpropathrin), pyrazamide (clofenate), mepiquat (dicyclopentanol), pyraflufen (dicyclopentanate), penoxsultone (chlorphenazone), penflufenate (chlorphenuron), mefenate (chlorphenbutazone), pyraflufenapyr (chlorphenuron), chlorphenbutazone (chlorphenuron (methyl), chlorphenbutazone (chlorphenuron (methyl), chlorphenuron (chlorphenbutazone), chlorphenuron (chlorphenuron), chlorphenuron (chlorphenuron), chlorphenuron (chlorphenbutazone), chlorphenuron (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenapyr (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenuron (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenapyr (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenapyr (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenuron (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenapyr (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenapyr), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphenbutafenapyr (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphenbutafenapyr (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenapyr-methyl), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphenbutafenapyr), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphenbutafenate), chlorphenbutafenate (chlorphen, Metalaxyl (prosulalin), pyribenzoxim (pyribenzoxim), pyriftalid (pyriftalid), chloranil (quinoclamine), thiocyananilide (rhodinol), threoglycabin (sulfaclin), thidiazimin (thidiazin), dichlorbenzuron (trimeturon), minium (trippingdan) and sodar (tritac).

The compounds I of the invention may also comprise further active compounds or may be administered together and/or sequentially with further active compounds. These additional compounds may be plant health stimulants such as organic compounds, inorganic fertilizers, or micronutrient donors or other preparations that affect plant growth (such as inoculants).

In another embodiment, compound I may also comprise or may be administered in conjunction and/or sequence with other biological organisms such as, but not limited to, Bacillus (Bacillus) strains, for example Bacillus subtilis var

) And Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) FZB42(

)、VotiVo^TMBacillus firmus (Bacillus firmus) Clariva^TM(Pasteuria nishizawae), Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma species (Trichoderma spp.) and/or mutants and metabolites of various strains that exhibit activity against insect, acarine, nematode and/or plant pathogens.

One embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for controlling or preventing fungal attack. The method comprises applying a fungicidally effective amount of compound I to the soil, plants, roots, foliage, seeds or locus of the fungus, or to the locus to be protected from infection (e.g., to cereal or grape plants). Compound I is suitable for the treatment of various plants at fungicidal levels, while exhibiting low phytotoxicity. Compound I can be used both as a protectant and/or an eradicator.

It has been found that the compounds of formula I have a significant fungicidal action and are particularly suitable for agricultural use. The compounds of the formula I are particularly suitable for use in crop and horticultural plants. Additional benefits may include, but are not limited to, improving the health of the plant; increasing the yield of a plant (e.g., increasing biomass and/or increasing the content of valuable ingredients); improving the vigor of the plant (e.g., improving plant growth and/or making the leaves greener); improving the quality of a plant (e.g., increasing the content or composition of certain ingredients); and improving the tolerance of plants to abiotic and/or biotic stress.

In particular, the compositions are effective against a number of undesirable fungi that infect useful vegetable crops. The compositions may be used against a number of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes fungi, including for example the following representative fungal species:

on the calabash: powdery mildew (Asteraceae powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichororaceae), pumpkin powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), ring spot (Mycosphaera brassicolola), drumstick disease (Septoria brassicaceae), anthracnose (Colletotrichum collecticum (Pleurospora Lingam), Colletotrichum (Colletotrichum higgianum) of Cruciferae, Colletotrichum cucurbitacearum (Colletotrichum obula), Colletotrichum species (Colletotrichum spp.), melon plexis (Glomella maculatum)), tendrilis (Glomula mellea), Mycoplasma melo (Mycosphaerella globosum), Microdocarpium parvum (Dimedylolla bracteatum), Stagonospodopsis curbitartrate (Staphylum maculatum); alternaria leaf spot and leaf blight (Alternaria cucumerina, Alternaria alternata variation (Alternaria alternata) alternata melon fruit fly (Alternaria alternata f.sp.cucurbitae), Alternaria species (Alternaria spp.)), Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora citricola), Cercospora species (Cercospora citricola), Cercospora wilting disease (Fusarium oxysporum), pythium rot (Rhizoctonia solani), corynebacterium blight/target spot (corynebacterium cassicola), scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum), Verticillium wilting (Verticillium dahliae), Verticillium gossypii (Verticillium albo-atrum)), black root rot (moniliforme basicola), Penicillium rot (Penicillium spp), carbon rot (phaeosphaeruma phaseolona) and stem rot (fruit) (humicola (Myrothecium roridum));

on tomatoes: powdery mildew (leveria tatarica (leveria taurica), Septoria (Septoria lycopersici)), white mildew (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia minor), target spot disease (Corynebacterium polymorpha (Corynespora cassiicola)), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii)), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), gray leaf spot (Stenophyllum sp.), Fusarium wilt, Fusarium crown rot and root rot (Fusarium oxysporum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum coenodoides), Colletotrichum nigrostriatum (Colletotrichia punctiformis), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Colletotrichium roseum), Alternaria solani (Colletotrichioides), and Alternaria (gloeosporium), gloeosporioides (gloeosporioides), anthracnose and gloeosporiosporiosis cinerea (gloeosporiosporium), anthracnose (gloeosporiosporium sp) Cercospora leaf mold (Cercospora furigena), charcoal rot (sphacelospora phaseoloides), suberin root rot (pyenochaeta lycopersici), mycosphaerella globosa stem rot (dymemella lycopersici), early blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (botrytis fulva), cladosporium fulvum (mycovellosia fulva), Phoma stem rot (Phoma destructor rot) and acid rot (Geotrichum candidum (Geotrichum didum));

on leafy vegetables: cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora longissimi), Cercospora species (Cercospora spp.), gray mold/Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea), Alternaria leaf spot and leaf blight (Alternaria sonchii), Alternaria alternata species (Alternaria solani), Alternaria spp., powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichororaceae), powdery mildew (powdery mildew of the family compositae (Erysiphe cichororaceae), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichororaceae), inchonium species (inclina spp.))), rust (allotrophic Puccinia dioica), Septoria (Septoria lactucae), Septoria species (Septoria spp.), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii)), basal rot (Phoma exigua)), Rhizoctonia bottom rot (Rhizoctonia solani)), Sclerotinia (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (sclerotiorum)), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (sclerotiorum), and Stemphylium leaf spot (Stemphylium botrytis (stemium botrytis));

on potatoes: anthracnose or black spot disease (Colletotrichum coccoides), brown and crater diseases (Alternaria alternata)), urospora cercosporium leaf spot (Cercospora cors), carbon rot (sphacelosia phaseoloides (macrophosporium phaseolina)), common rust (Puccinia pisifera), deformed rust (aleuromyces deformans), early blight (Alternaria solani)), Fusarium xerosis and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium sp.), gangrene gangrenia, necrotis (phyma exigua sp.sp.sp.), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis), or Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea), or powdery mildew (Botrytis cinerea), anthracnose (sclerotinia sclerotiorhii (r. sp.e), anthracnose, sclerotium cinerea (sclerotium sp.sp.sp.sp.sp.sp.sp.sp.sp.sp.sp.and nevus niveus (sclerotium nivea), anthracnose, sclerotium niveum, sclerotium niveum, sclerotium niveum, and nevus (cornutum niveum vulgare) Carob blight (carob spp.), Septoria var. malagul, silverworm (Helminthosporium solani), dermatosis (polystyrrium pustulosum), stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), ustilaginoidea solani (pyrophyllum solani), rhizoctonia solani (Verticillium solani), rhizoctonia solani (rhizoctonia solani), Verticillium wilt (Verticillium wilt) and white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum);

on pepper: southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica), anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsulatum), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Colletotrichum capsaici), Colletotrichum acutanguticum (Colletotrichum acutatum), Colletotrichum species (Colletotrichum spp.), Cercospora (soybean) leaf spot (Cercospora capsaici), Cercospora spp (Cercospora spp)), carbon rot (septoria phaseoloides), damping-off and root rot (Rhizoctonia solani), Fusarium stem rot (Fusarium solani), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum var. oxysporum f.sp.capsicii), gray leaf spot (Stemphylium sp.), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Verticillium wilt (Verticillium wilt-atrum) and white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum);

on rape crops: alternaria leaf spot and leaf blight (Alternaria brassicola), Alternaria species (Alternaria spp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), black leg disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), hypocrea nigrospora (phytophthora reticulata), phomopsis nigripes (Phoma lingum), cercospora leaf spot (cercospora spp.), Fusarium yellow and other diseases (Fusarium spp.), gray mold/Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani), powdery mildew (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ), sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Rhizoctonia solani (sclerotiorum), sclerotiorum (sclerotiorum sp.), sclerotiorum, sclerotium.

It has been found that the compounds I have a pronounced fungicidal action against phytopathogenic fungi of agriculturally useful vegetable crops. These diseases include alternaria brassicae (alternaria brassicae), which causes black leaf spot of cabbage; alternaria solani (Alternaria solani), which causes early blight of tomato; sclerotinia sclerotiorum (sclerotirotiorum), which causes Sclerotinia of lettuce; colletotrichum capsicii), which causes anthracnose of capsicum; powdery mildew of the family Compositae (Erysiphe cichororaceae), which causes powdery mildew of cucumbers; cladosporium fulvum (Mycovellosiella fulva), which causes leaf mold in tomato; stagonosporas cucurbitaceae, which causes stem blight of watermelon; and Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea), which causes gray mold in broad beans, especially for agricultural use. The compounds I are particularly suitable for use in crop and horticultural plants.

Compound I has a wide range of efficacy as a fungicide. The exact amount of active material to be applied depends not only on the particular active material applied, but also on the particular action desired, the fungal species being controlled and its stage of growth, and the plant parts or other products to be contacted with the compound. Thus, compound I and the formulation containing compound I may not work the same at similar concentrations or against the same fungal species.

The compounds I can be applied to plants in a disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount. The term "disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount" refers to an amount of a compound that is capable of killing or inhibiting the plant disease for which control is desired, but that is not significantly toxic to the plant. This amount is typically from about 0.1ppm to about 1000ppm (parts per million), with 1ppm to 500ppm being preferred. The exact concentration of the compound required will vary with the fungal disease to be controlled, the type of formulation used, the method of application, the particular plant species, the climatic conditions, and the like. Suitable application rates are generally from about 0.10 to about 4 pounds per acre (about 0.01 to 0.45 grams per square meter, g/m)²) Within the range of (1).

It will be apparent to the skilled person in view of the teachings herein that any range or desired value given herein may be extended or altered without losing the effect sought.

Example (b):

field evaluation of Alternaria brassicae (ALTEBI) on cabbage

Fungicidal treatments containing compound I were sprayed on head cabbage plants (BRSOL) three times in 5% EC formulation and tank mixed with adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v), the first application being performed at 10-12LF stage of cabbage. The following applications were carried out at 7 day intervals, all being sprayed at rates of 50, 100 and 150 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). Experimental fields were inoculated with the black leaf spot pathogen 2 days after the first application. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2 x 1m, compound I was applied in a water volume of 800L/ha.

Disease severity was assessed as the percentage of diseased area of the leaf under the cabbage (6 plants per field randomized). The visible infection was assessed three times over the 7 day test period after each administration. The recorded severity dataset was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 1.

Field evaluation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SCLESC) on lettuce:

fungicidal treatments of 5% EC formulation plus adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v) containing compound I were sprayed twice on head lettuce plants (laccc), the first application being performed at the heading stage 36 days after planting and the second application being performed 7 days later. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100 and 150 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental field was inoculated with the sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen 2 days after the first application. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2 x 1m, the formulation of compound I being applied in a water volume of 800L/ha.

The percentage of disease infection was calculated by the following formula: (length of stalk lesion)/(total length of stalk) × 100% per plant (random 6 plants per field). Sclerotinia infections were assessed four times on 7 days post-administration a (DAAA) plus 7, 14 and 21 DAAB. The recorded visible infection data set was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 1.

Field assessment of pepper Colletotrichum capsicii (collectica) on pepper:

evaluation of compound I of COLLCA on pepper, in both protective and therapeutic manner, was performed in two separate field trials. For the 2-day protection test, fungicidal treatments of 5% EC formulation plus adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v) containing compound I were sprayed three times onto pepper plants (CPSAN), the first application being performed at the flowering and fruiting stage 43 days after planting, the remaining applications being performed at 7-day intervals. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100 and 150 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). Experimental plots were inoculated with the anthracnose pathogen 2 days after the first application. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2 x 1m, the formulation of compound I being applied in a water volume of 1000L/ha.

Disease severity was assessed as the percentage of diseased fruit area per plant (6 plants per field). Four anthrax infection was assessed at 7 days post a (DAAA), 7 DAAB plus 7 and 14 DAAC. The recorded visible infection data set was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 1.

For the 4-day treatment trial, fungicidal treatments with 5% EC formulation containing compound I plus adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v) were sprayed twice on pepper plants (CPSAN), the first application being performed at the flowering and fruiting stage 59 days post-planting and the second application being performed 7 days later. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). Experimental plots were inoculated with the anthracnose pathogen (treatment) 4 days prior to the first application. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2 x 1m, the formulation of compound I being applied in a water amount of 1200L/ha.

Disease severity was assessed as the percentage of diseased fruit area per plant (6 plants per field). The anthrax pathogen infection was assessed four times on 7 days post-administration a (DAAA) plus 7, 14 and 21 DAAB. The recorded visible infection data set was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 1.

Field evaluation of asteraceae powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) (ERYSCI) on cucumber:

compound I evaluation of ERYSCI on cucumber was performed in two separate field trials in both preventive and therapeutic manner. For the two-day protection test (2DP), a fungicidal treatment containing 5% EC formulation of compound I plus adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v) was sprayed twice on cucumber plants (cuma), the first application being performed in the fruiting period 41 days after planting, the remaining applications being performed 7 days later. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100 and 150 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental plots were inoculated 2 days after the first application with the powdery mildew pathogen. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2 x 1m, the formulation of compound I being applied at a water level of 1200L/ha depending on seedling size.

Disease severity was assessed as the percentage of diseased area of cucumber leaves per plant (6 plants per field randomized). Cucumber powdery mildew infection was assessed three times in 7 Days After A Administration (DAAA) and 7 and 14 DAAB. The recorded visible infection data set was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 1.

In the treatment trial, a fungicidal treatment containing 5% EC formulation of compound I plus adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v) was sprayed twice on cucumber plants (cuma), the first application being performed at a fruiting period of 29 days after planting and the second application being performed 7 days later. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100 and 150 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). Experimental plots were inoculated with the powdery mildew pathogen (treatment) 2 days before the first application. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2 x 1m, the formulation of compound I being applied at a water level of 1200L/ha depending on seedling size.

Disease severity was assessed as the percentage of diseased area of cucumber leaves per plant (6 plants per field randomized). Powdery mildew disease severity was assessed four times on 7 days post-application a (DAAA) plus 7, 14 and 21 DAAB. The recorded visible infection data set was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 1.

Field evaluation of Alternaria solani (Alternaria solani) (ALTESO) on tomato:

compound I of ALTESO the evaluation of tomatoes was performed in two separate field trials. In a first experiment, fungicidal treatments containing compound I were sprayed on tomato plants (LYPES) with a height of approximately 60-70cm, at a rate of 100 and 200 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha), in a manner of application in a 5% EC and 10% SC formulation and tank-mix with adjuvant (Agnique BP420, 50% w/w at 0.3% v/v). The test was based on five foliar applications at 7 day intervals and inoculated with the early blight pathogen 2 days after the first application. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 1.5 x 4 m. Compound I was applied using an AZO back-mounted sprayer with compressed air in a quantity of 1000L/ha.

Disease severity was recorded as the percentage of diseased area of 20 leaves and 20 fruits per field selected at random. The percent control was evaluated, 6 evaluations were performed between 0 and 35 days after the first application (DAA 1). The recorded severity dataset was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 2.

In repeated experiments, fungicidal treatments containing compound I were sprayed on tomato plants (LYPES, variety Taylor) approximately 21 days after planting, in a 5% EC and 10% SC formulation, applied and tank-mixed with adjuvant (Agnique BP420, 50% w/w at 0.3% v/v). The formulations of compound I were applied at a rate of 100 and 200 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The test is based on six foliar applications at 10 day intervals under natural disease pressure of tomato early blight. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2 x 4 m. The formulation of compound I was applied in an amount of 800L/ha using a back-mounted field sprayer (BKCKENG, Solo 443; HCSOLID-Albutz ATR80 orange nozzle) at a spray pressure of 300 kPa. Disease severity (percent control) was recorded as percent visible leaf infection per field and evaluated 10 days after the last application. The results are given in table 2.

Field evaluation of cladosporium fulvum (Mycovellosiella fulva) (FULVFU) on tomato:

the 10% SC formulation of compound I was tank mixed with four different adjuvants: agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v); trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v); ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v); and phase II (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v). The fungicidal treatment containing the formulation of compound I, alone or together with an adjuvant, was sprayed on tomato plants four times, the first application being carried out approximately 3 months after planting and the remaining three applications being carried out at intervals of 7-10 days. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). Experimental plots were inoculated 7 days before the first application with the leaf mold pathogen (treatment). This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2.5 x 1.4 m. The formulation of compound I was applied in an amount of water of 675L/ha.

Disease severity was recorded as a percentage of visually diseased leaves (random 6 plants per field). Tomato leaf mold infection was assessed five times on 7 days after the first administration (7 DAAAs), 7 DAAB, 5 DAAC, then 7 and 12 DAAD. The recorded severity dataset was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 3.

Field evaluation of stagonosporas cucurbitacums (DIDYBR) on watermelon:

the 10% SC formulation of compound I was tank mixed with four different adjuvants: agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v); trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v); ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v); and phase II (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v). The fungicidal treatment containing the formulation of compound I, alone or together with an adjuvant, was sprayed on watermelon plants four times, the first application being carried out approximately 2 months after planting and the remaining three applications being carried out at intervals of 7-10 days. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental field was inoculated with the gummy stem blight pathogen 2 days after the first application. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block of fields with four replicates and approximately 2.5 x 1.4 m. The formulation of compound I was applied in an amount of water of 675L/ha.

Disease severity was recorded as the length of stalk spots and the percentage of diseased leaf area (3 plants randomized per field). Watermelon was evaluated for gummy stem blight infection twice, the first evaluation was performed 6 days after the first application (6DAAA) and then at 19 DAAD. The recorded severity dataset was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 4.

Greenhouse evaluation of Botrytis cinerea (BOTRCI) on broad beans

Technical grade material was dissolved in acetone and then mixed with nine volumes of water containing 100ppm Triton X-100. The fungicide formulation is applied to the seedling plants using an automatic compartment sprayer until runoff. All sprayed plants were allowed to dry before further treatment. The test plants were inoculated with botrytis cinerea 1 day after application. When disease symptoms are fully manifested on untreated plants, the percentage of diseased area of the plants is assessed on a0 to 100% scale of disease severity. The percentage of disease control was calculated using the ratio of disease severity of the treated plants relative to the untreated plants. The results are given in table 5.

In each case of tables 1-5, the rating scale based on the percent control of AUDPC is as follows:

% control	Rating
		76–100	A
51–75	B
		26–50	C
1–25	D
		Not tested	E

Table 1: compound I based on the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) in the protection and treatment tests^aPercentage control of fungal diseases on vegetables

^aCompound I was administered with 5% EC formulation with Trycol adjuvant (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v)

^bAlternaria brassicae (alternaria brassicae) of cabbage

^cSclerotinia sclerotiorum (sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of lettuce

^dColletotrichum capsici-Colletotrichum

^ePowdery mildew of cucumber-powdery mildew of Compositae

^fGrams of active ingredient per hectare

^g2 days of protection

^h4 days of treatment

Table 2: in EC and SC formulations, Compound I^aEfficacy against early blight (ALESTO, Alternaria solani) on tomato and leaves and fruits

^aCompound I is administered with Agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v) as adjuvant

^bPercentage of disease control on tomato leaves based on Area Under Disease Progression Curve (AUDPC)

^cPercentage of disease control on tomato fruit based on Area Under Disease Progression Curve (AUDPC)

^dGrams of active ingredient per hectare

Table 3: efficacy of Compound I on tomato leaf mold (FULVFU, Mycoleptosporium fulvum) in 10% SC formulation with or without adjuvant^a

^aControl based on Area Under Disease Progression Curve (AUDPC)Ratio of division

^bGrams of active ingredient per hectare

^cI-adjuvant free

^dII-Agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v)

^eIII-Trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v)

^fIV-Ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v)

^gStage V-II (50% w/w at 0.2% V/V)

Table 4: effect of Compound I on gummy stem blight (DIDYBR) of watermelon in 10% SC formulation with or without adjuvant a

^aPercent control based on Area Under Disease Progression Curve (AUDPC)

^bGrams of active ingredient per hectare

^cI-adjuvant free

^dII-Agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v)

^eIII-Trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v)

^fIV-Ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v)

^gStage V-II (50% w/w at 0.2% V/V)

Table 5: effect of Compound I on Botrci Botrytis cinerea

^aParts per million

^bThe percentage control was calculated using the ratio of disease severity of treated plants relative to untreated plants.

Field evaluation of Corynespora polyspora (Corynespora cassiicola) (CORYCA) in tomato:

fungicidal treatments containing compound I were sprayed on tomato plants at a rate of 50, 75, 100 and 150 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha) at the growth phase BBCH64 (4 th flowering) in a manner of application in SC formulations (MSO included) and tank mixed with adjuvant (Agnique BP-420, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v or Adsee C80W 80) (g ai/ha) (LYPES, berger variety). The experimental field was inoculated one day after the initial application with the target spot pathogen. This treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) of fields with four replicates and approximately 6 x 25 inches (ft). Compound I was applied using a fractor sprayer (SCDISC D1 nozzle) at a water rate of 100 gallons per acre (gal/acre) at a spray pressure of 200 psi.

Disease severity (visual percentage of diseased leaves (leaves) over the entire field) was assessed four times during the trial (1-20 days after application, DAA). The recorded severity dataset was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 6.

Field evaluation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (collecticola) in tomato:

fungicidal treatments containing compound I were sprayed on tomato plants at a rate of 50, 75, 100 and 150 grams active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha) at the growth stage 12 of plant growth (LYPES, Roma and Saladette varieties) in a manner of application in SC formulations (MSO included) and tank-mixed with adjuvant (Agnique BP-420, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v or Adsee C80W 80%). By natural infection of the anthrax pathogen and on 1 st^{Applying (a) to}The experimental field was run with additional inoculum replenished about one day after. The treatment substance is designed asPart of an experimental trial with four replicates and a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) of fields of approximately 6.67 x 30 ft. Using a rear-back sprayer (carbon dioxide (CO)₂) 8004VS FF nozzle), Compound I was applied in an amount of 40gal/acre of water at a jet pressure of 38 psi.

The percentage of leaf severity was assessed three times during the trial (0-23 days after administration 1). The recorded leaf severity data was used to calculate the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) for each field. Relative AUDPC (based on% control of AUDPC) was calculated as a percentage of untreated control. The results are given in table 7.

Table 6: comparison of formulations containing MSO or calculated percent control of tomato target spot disease (CORYCA, Corynespora cassiicola) with Compound I tank-mixed with Agnique BP-420

^aRatio, unit g/ha

^bRatio, unit mL/ha

Table 7: comparison of formulations containing MSO or calculated percent control of tomato anthracnose (COLLCA, Colletotrichum coccoides) with Compound I in tank mix with Agnique BP-420

^aRatio, unit g/ha

^bRatio, unit mL/ha

Claims (2)

1. A method of controlling fungal disease in a crop at risk of the disease, the crop being selected from tomatoes, leafy vegetables, watermelons and fava beans, the method comprising the steps of: contacting at least a part of a plant and/or an area near the plant with compound I or a composition comprising compound I,

wherein the compound is effective against a fungal pathogen, and wherein the fungal pathogen is selected from the group consisting of: sclerotinia sclerotiorum of lettuce, leaf mold pathogen of tomato, gummy stem blight pathogen of watermelon, gray mold pathogen of broad bean and target spot pathogen of tomato.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises at least one additional agriculturally active ingredient selected from the group consisting of: insecticides, herbicides and fungicides.