CN111180885A - Polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna - Google Patents
Polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111180885A CN111180885A CN202010100393.9A CN202010100393A CN111180885A CN 111180885 A CN111180885 A CN 111180885A CN 202010100393 A CN202010100393 A CN 202010100393A CN 111180885 A CN111180885 A CN 111180885A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 152
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna, which comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a third dielectric substrate is arranged above the second dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a square metal floor with the same shape and size as the metal floor, and the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with four circular ring-shaped metal radiating fins with the same shape and size; the third dielectric substrate comprises four circular third dielectric substrate units which are arranged on the same plane and have the same shape and size; the upper surface of each third dielectric substrate unit is printed with a metal coupling patch; a metal feed network is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate; the four metal radiating pieces are connected with a metal feed network; an SMA port is also included. The orbital angular momentum antenna can realize the fast and free combined regulation and control of two polarization modes, namely vertical polarization mode and horizontal polarization mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna.
Background
Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) electromagnetic waves carry orbital angular momentum due to the fact that the electromagnetic waves have spiral phase factors, and topological charge numbers, also called modal numbers, of the electromagnetic waves become a novel multiplexing physical dimension. The orbital angular momentum technology is originally discovered and applied in optics, and a special phase structure and a polarization structure of the orbital angular momentum technology are widely applied to the fields of optical communication, particle manipulation, optical imaging and the like, such as the manipulation of microscopic particles, capture and absorption and the like by utilizing the dark hollow characteristic of an orbital angular momentum light beam and the unique focusing characteristic of a vector orbital angular momentum light beam to realize laser processing, material processing and the like.
After the orbit angular momentum electromagnetic wave topological charge (mode) is proved by experiments, the regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave comprise the regulation and control of basic parameters of electromagnetic wave characteristics such as amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency and the like, and a new physical dimension of mode regulation and control is introduced, and the regulation and control elasticity is further enhanced. More OAM beam states can be provided by arbitrarily adjusting the number and states of OAM modes, which to some extent provides more opportunities and possibilities for future radio-electromagnetic wave communications.
The antenna plays a key role in generation and regulation of OAM wave beams in different modes as a generator of electromagnetic waves. Generally, an OAM antenna with a regulation function can be divided into two types, one is mechanical regulation, and the other is electrical regulation, which is also called agility. The advantages of electric regulation are high regulation speed and precision, effectively reducing cost and weight of the wireless communication system and being easier to realize multiple functions of the communication system. The disadvantage is that the structure of the regulation is often complicated with the increase of the total regulation, the integration degree is reduced, and the use range of the antenna is weakened.
In 2018, Y.Y.Wang et al adopt a coupling feed circular patch antenna as a unit antenna, adopt a multistage feed network structure with a phase-shifting power division function and encode a PIN radio frequency switch, and realize the excitation of a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum beam. In 2018, L.Kang et al simplified the feed network structure during multi-mode regulation by giving an initial phase based on an eight-unit uniform circular antenna array. In 2018, by a mechanical adjustment method, L.Li et al establish a circularly polarized UCA to excite a multi-mode adjustable OAM electromagnetic vortex beam by taking a planar spiral antenna as a unit. However, the design has the problems of complex antenna feed network structure, single regulation and control parameter, low mechanical regulation and control speed, low precision and the like to a certain extent. The invention provides a novel structure aiming at the problems of an electric regulation orbit angular momentum antenna, so that the designed antenna has the linear polarization in two directions and the composite regulation of different modes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna which can realize the fast and free combined regulation and control of a vertical polarization mode and a horizontal polarization mode and the two modes and maintain a very simple and symmetrical physical structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a third dielectric substrate is arranged above the second dielectric substrate, and an air dielectric layer is arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both square with the same size; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a square metal floor with the same shape and size as the metal floor, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with four circular ring-shaped metal radiating sheets with the same shape and size, and the four metal radiating sheets are uniformly distributed on the same circumference; the third dielectric substrate comprises four circular third dielectric substrate units which are arranged on the same plane and have the same shape and size, and the four third dielectric substrate units are respectively positioned right above the four metal radiation pieces and are superposed with the circle centers of the metal radiation pieces; the upper surface of each third medium substrate unit is printed with a circular metal coupling patch with the same radius; each third medium substrate unit is fixed by four medium studs; a metal feed network is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate; the four metal radiating pieces are connected with a metal feed network;
the antenna also comprises an SMA port arranged at the center of the orbital angular momentum antenna, an inner core of the SMA port is connected with the center point of the metal feed network, and an outer conductor of the SMA port is connected with the metal floor.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the metal feed network comprises two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches, four second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches and four phase-shifting power dividers;
the first stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch comprises a first main transmission line and two first branch transmission lines arranged on the left side and the right side of one end part of the first main transmission line; gaps exist between the two first branch transmission lines and the end parts of the first main transmission line, and a PIN radio frequency switch is arranged in one gap;
the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches are arranged in a 180-degree mode, and the ends, far away from the first branch transmission line, of the first main transmission lines of the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches are oppositely arranged and are connected with the inner core of the SMA port;
each first branch transmission line of the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches is provided with a second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch at one side far away from the first main transmission line; the second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch comprises a second main transmission line and two second branch transmission lines arranged on the left side and the right side of one end part of the second main transmission line; gaps exist between the two second branch transmission lines and the ends of the second main transmission line, and a PIN radio frequency switch is arranged in one gap; a gap exists between one end of each second main transmission line, which is far away from the second branch transmission line, and the first branch transmission line, and a blocking capacitor is arranged in each gap;
the phase-shifting power divider comprises a section of horizontally or vertically arranged microstrip transmission lines, a gap exists between each microstrip transmission line and the adjacent second branch transmission lines which respectively belong to two different second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches, and a PIN radio frequency switch is arranged in one gap; two output ports of each microstrip transmission line are respectively connected with two radiation patches; the phase difference provided by two adjacent phase-shifting power dividers is +/-90 degrees.
The first dielectric substrate is made of a square FR4 dielectric material with the relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and the thickness of 0.8mm, and the side length is 170 mm.
The second dielectric substrate is made of square F4B dielectric material with the relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and the thickness of 1.0mm, and the side length is 170 mm.
The inner diameter r1 of the radiation patch is 6.9mm, the outer diameter r2 is 14.2mm, and the distance between the center of the radiation patch and the center of the metal feed network is r4 which is 60 mm.
The third dielectric substrate unit is made of FR4 dielectric material with the radius r3 being 26.9mm and the thickness being 1 mm.
The height h of the air medium layer is 5 mm.
The SMA port junction characteristic impedance is 50 ohms.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the angular momentum antenna of the invention is based on a uniform circular array, and respectively generates four states under the same antenna aperture: horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves with an OAM mode value of + 1; a vertically polarized electromagnetic wave with an OAM mode value of + 1; horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves with an OAM mode value of-1; a vertically polarized electromagnetic wave with an OAM mode value of-1. The composite regulation and control characteristic of linear polarization and OAM modes is realized.
(2) The feed network structure arranged in the angular momentum antenna is completely symmetrical, and the number of PIN radio frequency switches is greatly reduced by adopting a design method of sharing part of transmission lines in the feed network, so that the insertion loss and the device loss are reduced. Meanwhile, the symmetrical feed network structure enables the radiation characteristics of the antenna to show good consistency in different states.
(3) The angular momentum antenna has high integration level and integration degree, and is easy to be fused with other equipment. The agile electric regulation and control does not need an auxiliary mechanical device, and has high switching speed and high regulation precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding network of a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows reflection coefficients of a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in a first state and a second state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows reflection coefficients of a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state three and state four according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a near-field electric field distribution of the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state one according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a near-field electric field distribution of the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state two according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a near-field electric field distribution of the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state three according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a near-field electric field distribution of the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state four according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a normalized radiation pattern of a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state one according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a normalized radiation pattern of the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state two according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a normalized radiation pattern of the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state three according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a normalized radiation pattern of the polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna in state four according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a first dielectric substrate, 2, a second dielectric substrate, 3, a third dielectric substrate unit, 4, a metal floor, 5, a metal radiating sheet, 6, a metal coupling patch, 7, a metal feed network, 8, a PIN radio frequency switch, 9, a dielectric stud, 10, an SMA port and 11, a blocking capacitor;
71. a first stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 72, a second stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 73, a phase-shifting power divider;
711. a first main transmission line a, 712, a first branch transmission line a, 713, a first main transmission line b, 714, a first branch transmission line b;
721. a second main transmission line a, 722, a second branch transmission line a, 723, a second main transmission line b, 724, a second branch transmission line b, 725, a second main transmission line c, 726, a second branch transmission line c, 727, a second main transmission line d, 728, a second branch transmission line d;
731. microstrip transmission line a, 732, microstrip transmission line b, 733, microstrip transmission line c, 734, microstrip transmission line d;
8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6, 8-7, 8-8, 8-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-12, twelfth, 8-13, thirteenth, 8-14, fourteenth, 8-15, fifteenth, 8-16, sixteenth.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate 1 and a second dielectric substrate 2 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a third dielectric substrate is arranged above the second dielectric substrate 2, and an air dielectric layer is arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate 2; the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 are both square in shape and same in size; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is printed with a square metal floor 4 with the same shape and size as the metal floor, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is printed with four circular ring-shaped metal radiation pieces 5 with the same shape and size, and the four metal radiation pieces 5 are uniformly distributed on the same circumference; the third dielectric substrate comprises four circular third dielectric substrate units 3 with the same shape and size, which are arranged on the same plane, and the four third dielectric substrate units 3 are respectively positioned right above the four metal radiation pieces 5 and are superposed with the circle centers of the metal radiation pieces 5; the upper surface of each third dielectric substrate unit 3 is printed with a circular metal coupling patch 6 with the same radius; each third medium substrate unit 3 is fixed by four medium studs 9; the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is printed with a metal feed network 7; the four metal radiating fins 5 are connected with a metal feed network 7;
the antenna energy input port SMA port 10 is arranged at the center of the orbital angular momentum antenna, the inner core of the SMA port 10 is connected with the central point of the metal feed network 7, and the outer conductor of the SMA port 10 is connected with the metal floor 4.
The metal feed network 7 comprises two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches 71, four second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches 72 and four phase-shifting power dividers 73;
the first stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 71 comprises a first main transmission line and two first branch transmission lines arranged on the left side and the right side of one end part of the first main transmission line; gaps exist between the two first branch transmission lines and the end parts of the first main transmission line, and a PIN radio frequency switch 8 is arranged in one gap;
the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches 71 are arranged in a 180-degree mode, and one ends, far away from the first branch transmission line, of first main transmission lines of the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches 71 are oppositely arranged and are connected with the inner core of the SMA port 10;
a second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 72 is arranged on one side, away from the first main transmission line, of each first branch transmission line of the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches 71; the second stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 72 includes a second main transmission line and two second branch transmission lines disposed on the left and right sides of one end of the second main transmission line; gaps exist between the two second branch transmission lines and the end parts of the second main transmission line, and a PIN radio frequency switch 8 is arranged in one gap; a gap exists between one end of each second main transmission line, which is far away from the second branch transmission line, and the first branch transmission line, and a DC blocking capacitor 11 is arranged in each gap;
the phase-shifting power divider 73 comprises a section of horizontally or vertically arranged microstrip transmission lines, a gap exists between each microstrip transmission line and the adjacent second branch transmission lines which respectively belong to two different second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches 72, and a PIN radio frequency switch 8 is arranged in one gap; two output ports of each microstrip transmission line are respectively connected with two radiation patches 5; the metal feed network 7 is of a symmetrical structure and is completely and symmetrically arranged on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, and the phase difference provided by the phase-shifting power divider 73 is +/-90 DEG
Two output ends of a first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 71 are respectively connected with two second-stage single-pole double-throw switches 72 through two blocking capacitors 11, two output ends of a second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 72 are connected with input ends of two phase-shifting power dividers 73, and two output ends of the phase-shifting power dividers 73 are respectively connected with two annular radiation patches 5. By controlling the on-off of the radio frequency switch, the polarization mode and the phase of the antenna can be changed, so that the purpose of compound regulation and control of polarization and OAM modes is achieved.
Examples
In the angular momentum antenna having the above-described structure, the first dielectric substrate 1 was made of a square FR4 dielectric material having a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 0.8mm, and had a side length of 170 mm.
The second dielectric substrate 2 is made of square F4B dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and a thickness of 1.0mm, and the side length is 170 mm.
The inner diameter r1 of the radiation patch 5 is 6.9mm, the outer diameter r2 is 14.2mm, and the distance r4 between the center of the radiation patch 5 and the center of the metal feed network 7 is 60 mm.
The third dielectric substrate unit 3 is made of FR4 dielectric material with radius r3 being 26.9mm and thickness being 1 mm.
The height h of the air medium layer is 5 mm.
The SMA port 10 junction characteristic impedance is 50 ohms.
As shown in fig. 3, the first main transmission line and the first branch transmission line in the upper first-stage T-type single-pole double-throw switch 71 are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a first main transmission line a711, a first branch transmission line a 712; the first main transmission line and the first branch transmission line in the first-stage T-type single-pole double-throw switch 71 located below are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a first main transmission line b713, a first branch transmission line b 714;
the second main transmission line and the second branch transmission line in the second-stage T-type single-pole double-throw switch 72 located above the left are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a second main transmission line a721, a second branch transmission line a 722; the second main transmission line and the second branch transmission line in the second-stage T-type single-pole double-throw switch 72 located at the upper right side are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a second main transmission line b723, a second branch transmission line b 724; the second main transmission line and the second branch transmission line in the second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 72 located at the lower right side are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a second main transmission line c725, a second branch transmission line c 726; the second main transmission line and the second branch transmission line in the second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch 72 located at the lower left side are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a second main transmission line d727, a second branch transmission line d 728;
the microstrip transmission lines in the phase-shifting power divider 73 located right above are renamed and numbered, specifically: a microstrip transmission line a 731; the microstrip transmission lines in the phase-shifting power divider 73 located on the right side are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a microstrip transmission line b 732; the microstrip transmission lines in the phase-shifting power divider 73 located right below are renamed and numbered, specifically: a microstrip transmission line c 733; the microstrip transmission lines in the phase-shifting power divider 73 located on the left side are renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a microstrip transmission line d 734;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the first main transmission line a711 and the first branch transmission line a712 on the left side is renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a first PIN radio frequency switch 8-1; the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the first main transmission line a711 and the first branch transmission line a712 on the right side is renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a second PIN radio frequency switch 8-2;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the first main transmission line b713 and the first branch transmission line b714 on the right is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a third PIN radio frequency switch 8-3; the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the first main transmission line b713 and the first branch transmission line b714 on the left side is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a fourth PIN radio frequency switch 8-4;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the second main transmission line a721 and the second branch transmission line a722 at the lower left is renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a fifth PIN radio frequency switch 8-5; the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the second main transmission line a721 and the second branch transmission line a722 on the upper right is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a sixth PIN radio frequency switch 8-6;
the PIN radio frequency switch 8 arranged between the second main transmission line b723 and the second branch transmission line b724 on the lower right is renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a seventh PIN radio frequency switch 8-7; the PIN radio frequency switch 8 arranged between the second main transmission line b723 and the second branch transmission line b724 on the upper left is renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: an eighth PIN radio frequency switch 8-8;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the second main transmission line c725 and the second branch transmission line c726 on the upper right side is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a ninth PIN radio frequency switch 8-9; the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the second main transmission line c725 and the second branch transmission line c726 on the lower left side is renamed and assigned with numbers, specifically: a tenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-10;
the PIN radio frequency switch 8 arranged between the second main transmission line d727 and the second branch transmission line d728 at the lower right is renamed and assigned with a number, which specifically comprises the following steps: an eleventh PIN radio frequency switch 8-11; the PIN radio frequency switch 8 arranged between the second main transmission line d727 and the second branch transmission line d728 on the upper left side is renamed and is endowed with numbers, specifically: a twelfth PIN radio frequency switch 8-12;
the PIN radio frequency switch 8 arranged between the microstrip transmission line d734 and the second branch transmission line d728 is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a thirteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-13;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the microstrip transmission line d734 and the second branch transmission line a722 is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a fourteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-14;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the microstrip transmission line a731 and the second branch transmission line a722 is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a fifteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-15;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the microstrip transmission line a731 and the second branch transmission line b724 is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a sixteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-16;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the microstrip transmission line b732 and the second branch transmission line b724 is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: seventeenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-17;
the PIN rf switch 8 disposed between the microstrip transmission line b732 and the second branch transmission line c726 is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: an eighteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-18;
the PIN radio frequency switch 8 arranged between the microstrip transmission line c733 and the second branch transmission line c726 is renamed and assigned with a number, specifically: a nineteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-19;
the PIN radio frequency switch 8 arranged between the microstrip transmission line c733 and the second branch transmission line d728 is renamed and is given a number, specifically: a twentieth PIN radio frequency switch 8-20.
By changing the operating state of each PIN rf switch 8 in fig. 3, the excited polarization mode and phase state of the radiation patch 5 can be changed, thereby achieving the agile regulation of the following four states.
The first state: the first PIN radio frequency switch 8-1, the third PIN radio frequency switch 8-3, the sixth PIN radio frequency switch 8-6, the tenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-10, the fifteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-15, the nineteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-19 are opened, and the rest PIN radio frequency switches are closed. And exciting the OAM wave beam with the horizontal polarization mode value of 1.
And a second state: the radio frequency switch comprises a second PIN radio frequency switch 8-2, a fourth PIN radio frequency switch 8-4, an eighth PIN radio frequency switch 8-8, an eleventh PIN radio frequency switch 8-11, a sixteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-16, a twentieth PIN radio frequency switch 8-20 and the rest PIN radio frequency switches are closed. And exciting the OAM wave beam with the horizontal polarization mode value of-1.
And a third state: a second PIN radio frequency switch 8-2, a fourth PIN radio frequency switch 8-4, a seventh PIN radio frequency switch 8-7, a twelfth PIN radio frequency switch 8-12, a thirteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-13, a seventeenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-17 are opened, and the rest PIN radio frequency switches are closed. An OAM beam with a vertical polarization mode value of 1 is excited.
And a fourth state: the radio frequency switch comprises a first PIN radio frequency switch 8-1, a third PIN radio frequency switch 8-3, a fifth PIN radio frequency switch 8-5, a ninth PIN radio frequency switch 8-9, a fourteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-14, an eighteenth PIN radio frequency switch 8-18 and the rest PIN radio frequency switches are closed. And exciting the OAM wave beam with the vertical polarization mode value of-1.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
as shown in fig. 4-5, when the excitation electromagnetic wave is in the first state and the second state, the frequency band range with the reflection coefficient less than-10 dB is 2.29-2.58 GHz; when the excitation electromagnetic wave is in the third state and the fourth state, the frequency band range with the reflection coefficient less than-10 dB is 2.29-2.59 GHz. The antenna impedance bandwidth in the embodiment is superior to the bandwidth of an orbital angular momentum array antenna formed by the existing microstrip patch antenna, and the consistency between states is good.
Fig. 6-9 show the near-field vector electric field distribution of the antenna of the present embodiment in different states. In the first state, the near-field electric field of the antenna is distributed in the horizontal direction, the electric field rotates along the clockwise direction, and the phase changes by 2 pi in a period; in the second state, the near-field electric field of the antenna is distributed in the horizontal direction, the electric field rotates along the counterclockwise direction, and the phase changes by 2 pi in the period; in the third state, the near-field electric field of the antenna is distributed in the vertical direction, the electric field rotates along the clockwise direction, and the phase changes by 2 pi in the period; in the fourth state, the near-field electric field of the antenna is distributed in the vertical direction, the electric field rotates along the counterclockwise direction, and the phase changes by 2 pi in the period. Therefore, the OAM beam with a mode of +1 in the horizontal direction is excited in the state-excited of the inventive antenna; in the second state, the OAM wave beam with the mode of-1 in the horizontal direction is excited; in the state three, an OAM wave beam with a +1 mode in the vertical direction is excited; in state four, a vertically oriented OAM beam of mode-1 is excited.
Fig. 10-13 respectively plot the radiation normalized directional diagrams of the antenna in different states when the antenna operates at 2.45GHz, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the radiation characteristics of the antenna of the invention maintain good consistency in different states.
The embodiment of the invention provides a polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna. The four states including the agility between the OAM mode and the antenna polarization mode can be realized only through the states of the PIN radio frequency switch of the array antenna, and the composite regulation and control of the OAM wave beam are realized. The feed network provided by the embodiment of the invention is a set of full-symmetric integrated network, has a simple structure, uses a small number of radio frequency switches used for regulating and controlling different states, and can ensure that the antenna has small loss, is easy to integrate and has good electromagnetic radiation characteristics.
The invention solves the problem of complex feed network structure when regulating different linear polarization and modes, and the adopted electric regulation mode ensures the regulation precision and speed.
Claims (8)
1. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (1) and a second dielectric substrate (2) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a third dielectric substrate is arranged above the second dielectric substrate (2), and an air dielectric layer is arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate (2); the shapes of the first dielectric substrate (1) and the second dielectric substrate (2) are squares with the same size; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1) is printed with a square metal floor (4) with the same shape and size as the metal floor, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate (2) is printed with four circular ring-shaped metal radiation pieces (5) with the same shape and size, and the four metal radiation pieces (5) are uniformly distributed on the same circumference; the third dielectric substrate comprises four circular third dielectric substrate units (3) which are arranged on the same plane and have the same shape and size, and the four third dielectric substrate units (3) are respectively positioned right above the four metal radiation pieces (5) and are superposed with the circle centers of the metal radiation pieces (5); the upper surface of each third dielectric substrate unit (3) is printed with a circular metal coupling patch (6) with the same radius; each third medium substrate unit (3) is fixed by four medium studs (9); the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate (2) is printed with a metal feed network (7); the four metal radiating sheets (5) are connected with a metal feed network (7);
the antenna also comprises an SMA port (10) arranged at the center of the angular momentum antenna, the inner core of the SMA port (10) is connected with the central point of the metal feed network (7), and the outer conductor of the SMA port (10) is connected with the metal floor (4).
2. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal feed network (7) comprises two first stage T-type single pole double throw switches (71), four second stage T-type single pole double throw switches (72) and four phase-shifting power dividers (73);
the first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch (71) comprises a first main transmission line and two first branch transmission lines arranged on the left side and the right side of one end part of the first main transmission line; gaps exist between the two first branch transmission lines and the end parts of the first main transmission line, and a PIN radio frequency switch (8) is arranged in one gap;
the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches (71) are arranged in a 180-degree mode, and one ends, far away from the first branch transmission line, of first main transmission lines of the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches (71) are oppositely arranged and are connected with inner cores of the SMA ports (10);
a second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch (72) is arranged on one side, away from the first main transmission line, of each first branch transmission line of the two first-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches (71); the second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switch (72) comprises a second main transmission line and two second branch transmission lines arranged on the left side and the right side of one end part of the second main transmission line; gaps exist between the two second branch transmission lines and the end parts of the second main transmission line, and a PIN radio frequency switch (8) is arranged in one gap; gaps exist between one end, far away from the second branch transmission line, of each second main transmission line and the first branch transmission line, and one gap is provided with a blocking capacitor (11);
the phase-shifting power divider (73) comprises a section of horizontally or vertically arranged microstrip transmission lines, gaps exist between each microstrip transmission line and adjacent second branch transmission lines which respectively belong to two different second-stage T-shaped single-pole double-throw switches (72), and a PIN radio frequency switch (8) is arranged in each gap; two output ports of each microstrip transmission line are respectively connected with two radiation patches (5); the phase difference provided by two adjacent phase-shifting power dividers (73) is +/-90 degrees.
3. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate (1) is made of a square FR4 dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 0.8mm, and a side length of 170 mm.
4. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric substrate (2) is made of a square F4B dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and a thickness of 1.0mm, and has a side length of 170 mm.
5. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna according to claim 1, wherein an inner diameter r1 and an outer diameter r2 of the radiation patch (5) are 6.9mm and 14.2mm, respectively, and a center of the radiation patch (5) is 60mm and r4 from a center of the metal feed network (7).
6. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna according to claim 1, wherein the third dielectric substrate element (3) is made of FR4 dielectric material with radius r 3-26.9 mm and thickness of 1 mm.
7. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna of claim 1, wherein the height h of the air dielectric layer is 5 mm.
8. The polarization mode composite agile orbital angular momentum antenna according to claim 1, wherein the SMA port (10) junction characteristic impedance is 50 ohms.
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| CN114628893A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-06-14 | 安徽大学 | S-band frequency reconstruction orbital angular momentum antenna and frequency reconstruction method |
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