CN111178361A - Interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation - Google Patents

Interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation Download PDF

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CN111178361A
CN111178361A CN201911261106.6A CN201911261106A CN111178361A CN 111178361 A CN111178361 A CN 111178361A CN 201911261106 A CN201911261106 A CN 201911261106A CN 111178361 A CN111178361 A CN 111178361A
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孙权森
齐圣哲
王涛
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

发明公开了一种基于标签组传播的交互式图像分割方法。该方法为：首先将图像划分成若干个超像素，构造超像素对，并构造超像素对的关系矩阵；然后计算每一个超像素对属于标签对的初始概率；接着利用超像素对的关系矩阵，将超像素对的初始概率传递到全局；最后根据传递到全局的超像素对概率，确定超像素的类别，完成图像分割。本发明能够在有限的先验知识下更好地检测出的物体轮廓，提高了对比度低和弱边界图像的分割效果。

Figure 201911261106

The invention discloses an interactive image segmentation method based on tag group propagation. The method is: firstly divide the image into several superpixels, construct superpixel pairs, and construct a relationship matrix of superpixel pairs; then calculate the initial probability that each superpixel pair belongs to a label pair; then use the relationship matrix of superpixel pairs , the initial probability of the superpixel pair is passed to the global; finally, according to the probability of the superpixel pair passed to the global, the category of the superpixel is determined to complete the image segmentation. The invention can better detect the outline of objects under limited prior knowledge, and improves the segmentation effect of images with low contrast and weak boundaries.

Figure 201911261106

Description

Interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interactive image segmentation, in particular to an interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation.
Background
The interactive image segmentation is to separate an object interested by a user from a complex image background environment based on a certain similarity criterion under the prior knowledge provided by the user, and is a key problem in the fields of image analysis, pattern recognition, computer vision and the like, and the quality of segmentation quality directly influences subsequent related applications.
The method based on the graph theory has the excellent characteristics of multi-feature fusion, global optimization, high execution efficiency and the like, so that the method has received wide attention of scholars at home and abroad in recent years, and becomes one of the mainstream interactive image segmentation methods. When a user provides enough seed points, the traditional graph theory-based method can obtain better segmentation results when a simple color image is segmented. However, this type of method is sensitive to the number and location of seed points, and it is difficult to obtain satisfactory segmentation results when user interaction is limited. In addition, the traditional graph theory method only utilizes the local pixel relation of the image to guide the segmentation, and the image containing noise and texture is difficult to segment because the structural information of the image is not fully utilized. These defects seriously affect the accuracy and robustness of the method and limit the application range of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation, which has strong applicability, good segmentation effect, high efficiency and strong robustness.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: an interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing an image into a plurality of super pixels and constructing a super pixel pair;
step 2, constructing a relation matrix of the superpixel pairs;
step 3, calculating the initial probability of each super pixel pair belonging to the label pair;
step 4, transferring the initial probability of the super pixel pair to the whole situation by using the relation matrix of the super pixel pair;
and 5, determining the category of the superpixel according to the superpixel pair probability transmitted to the whole situation, and finishing image segmentation.
Further, the step 1 of dividing the image into a plurality of super pixels and constructing super pixel pairs includes the following specific steps:
step 1.1, dividing an image into M super pixels by using an unsupervised segmentation algorithm;
step 1.2, for any super pixel, combining with the rest M-1 super pixels and the super pixels to construct M-1 super pixel pairs, wherein M super pixels construct M2A super pixel pair.
Further, the step 2 constructs a relation matrix of the super-pixel pairs, specifically as follows:
step 2.1, taking the average value of the characteristics of all pixel points in the super pixel as the characteristics of the super pixel;
and 2.2, acquiring the neighborhood relation of the superpixels, and establishing a relation matrix of the superpixel pairs according to the characteristic values by using a Gaussian function.
Further, the step 3 of calculating the initial probability that each superpixel pair belongs to a tag pair specifically includes the following steps:
performing multivariate relation learning through a high-order tensor product graph, capturing the interaction between the super pixels of the image, estimating the initial probability of each super pixel pair belonging to a label pair, and adding a high-order graph Laplacian operator to smooth a prior label;
superpixel pairs s based on fusion relationshipsijBelong to the label pair lmnPrior probability of (2)
Figure BDA0002311596230000021
The definition is as follows:
Figure BDA0002311596230000022
where i, j is 1, … M, pair of superpixels sijFrom super-pixels siAnd SjForm, label pair lmnFrom a label lmAnd lnConstitution p(s)i∈lm|sj∈ln) For conditional probability, the following is defined:
Figure BDA0002311596230000023
wherein,
Figure BDA0002311596230000024
representing a super-pixel SiAnd SjSimilarity between them, the greater its value, the higher the similarity; l represents the number of tags;
Figure BDA0002311596230000025
is a super pixel SiBelong to the label lmIs defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002311596230000026
wherein, ciIs a super pixel siIs characterized in that it is a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned components,
Figure BDA0002311596230000027
for clustering algorithm to label lmAnd (4) clustering the seed point characteristics to obtain the kth clustering center, wherein K is the total number of the clustering centers.
Further, the step 4 of transferring the initial probability of the superpixel pair to the global by using the relation matrix of the superpixel pair specifically includes:
P(t)＝αQP(t-1)+(1-α)P
q is a row normalization matrix of the super-pixel pair relation matrix obtained in the step 2, P is an initial probability matrix of the super-pixel pair, t is iteration times, and P is(t)and alpha is a regulation parameter as a result of the tth iteration of the P.
Further, step 5 determines the class of the superpixel according to the superpixel pair probability transmitted to the global, and completes the image segmentation, specifically as follows:
when determining the super pixel category, according to the sum of the element pair probabilities of the super pixel and the super pixel itself and other M-1 super pixels, if the probability that the element pairs belong to the target is greater than the probability that the element pairs belong to the background, the super pixel belongs to the target, otherwise, the super pixel belongs to the background, and the classification is finished according to the probability.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) extending the local neighborhood relationship to the global relationship on the image and exploring more complex interactions between element pairs and label pairs, which facilitates better detection of object contours with limited a priori knowledge; (2) the label priors are propagated according to the structure of a high-order tensor product map, and can capture the inherent data structure between image element pairs, which helps to better overcome the problems of low contrast and weak boundaries; (3) by adopting the non-local relation, the internal global relation of the image is captured by transmitting the similarity relation between the adjacent pixels, and the image segmentation effect is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an interactive image segmentation method based on tag group propagation according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the segmentation results obtained using the method of the present invention and the prior art method in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention constructs a unified multivariate label group relation propagation framework, performs multivariate relation learning based on a high-order tensor product diagram, and naturally derives a binary label pair propagation algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, in order to ensure the efficiency of image segmentation, taking a super-pixel pair as a unit, dividing an image into a plurality of super-pixels by using the existing unsupervised algorithm, and constructing a super-pixel pair set; then, performing multivariate relation learning through a high-order tensor product diagram, capturing the interaction between image elements (superpixels), and estimating the prior probability of each superpixel pair belonging to a label pair; then, designing an iterative label pair diffusion model to improve optimization efficiency; finally, the individual superpixels are classified (foreground/background) by univariate probability transformation.
With reference to fig. 1, the present invention provides an interactive image segmentation method based on tag group propagation, which includes the following steps:
step 1, dividing an image into a plurality of super pixels and constructing a super pixel pair;
step 2, constructing a relation matrix of the superpixel pairs;
step 3, calculating the initial probability of each super pixel pair belonging to the label pair;
step 4, transferring the initial probability of the super pixel pair to the whole situation by using the relation matrix of the super pixel pair;
and 5, determining the category of the superpixel according to the superpixel pair probability transmitted to the whole situation, and finishing image segmentation.
As a specific implementation manner, the step 1 divides the image into a plurality of super pixels, and constructs a super pixel pair, specifically as follows:
step 1.1, dividing an image into M super pixels by using an unsupervised segmentation algorithm;
step 1.2, for any super pixel, combining with the rest M-1 super pixels and the super pixels to construct M-1 super pixel pairs, wherein M super pixels construct M2A super pixel pair.
As a specific implementation, the constructing the relationship matrix of the super-pixel pairs in step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, taking the average value of the characteristics of all pixel points in the super pixel as the characteristics of the super pixel;
and 2.2, acquiring the neighborhood relation of the superpixels, and establishing a relation matrix of the superpixel pairs according to the characteristic values by using a Gaussian function.
As a specific implementation, the step 3 of calculating the initial probability that each superpixel pair belongs to a tag pair specifically includes the following steps:
performing multivariate relation learning through a high-order tensor product graph, capturing the interaction between the super pixels of the image, estimating the initial probability of each super pixel pair belonging to a label pair, and adding a high-order graph Laplacian operator to smooth a prior label;
superpixel pairs s based on fusion relationshipsijBelong to the label pair lmnPrior probability of (2)
Figure BDA0002311596230000041
The definition is as follows:
Figure BDA0002311596230000042
where i, j is 1, … M, pair of superpixels sijBy super-imageElemental SiAnd sjForm, label pair lmnFrom a label lmAnd lnConstitution p(s)i∈lm|sj∈ln) For conditional probability, the following is defined:
Figure BDA0002311596230000043
wherein,
Figure BDA0002311596230000044
representing a super-pixel siAnd sjSimilarity between them, the greater its value, the higher the similarity; l represents the number of tags;
Figure BDA0002311596230000045
is a super pixel SiBelong to the label lmIs defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002311596230000046
wherein, CiIs a super pixel SiIs characterized in that it is a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned components,
Figure BDA0002311596230000047
for clustering algorithm to label lmAnd (4) clustering the seed point characteristics to obtain the kth clustering center, wherein K is the total number of the clustering centers.
As a specific implementation, the relationship matrix of the superpixel pair in step 4 is used to transfer the initial probability of the superpixel pair to the global, which specifically includes the following steps:
P(t)＝αQP(t-1)+(1-α)P
q is a row normalization matrix of the super-pixel pair relation matrix obtained in the step 2, P is an initial probability matrix of the super-pixel pair, t is iteration times, and P is(t)and alpha is a regulation parameter as a result of the tth iteration of the P.
As a specific implementation manner, the determining the class of the superpixel according to the superpixel pair probability passed to the global in step 5, and completing the image segmentation specifically includes:
in the method, when a certain super pixel class is determined, according to the sum of the probabilities of the super pixel and the elements of the super pixel and other M-1 super pixels, if the probability that the element pairs belong to a target is greater than the probability that the element pairs belong to a background, the super pixel belongs to the target, otherwise, the super pixel belongs to the background, and the classification is finished according to the probability.
The method has the following advantages: due to the introduction of high-order information, the relationship between unmarked data and marked data can be more accurately learned based on a high-order tensor product diagram; secondly, in the tag group propagation process, a finer relationship between the image element group and the tag group can be obtained based on more complex interactions between the image elements.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a common color image is used as input, a plurality of super pixels are generated by using a SLIC algorithm, and a super pixel pair is constructed; taking the pixel characteristic mean value in the superpixels as superpixel characteristics, and calculating a relation matrix of superpixel pairs; obtaining foreground and background seed points through user line drawing interaction, and obtaining pixel prior probability on the basis; taking the probability mean value of all pixels in the superpixels as the probability of the superpixels, and then estimating the initial probability that the paired superpixels belong to the label pair; then, an iterative optimization strategy based on transmission is used for transmitting the initial probability to the whole situation to obtain the probability of the whole super-pixel pair; and finally, determining the super-pixel category according to the transmitted super-pixel pair probability to finish image segmentation.
With reference to fig. 1, the process of the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, dividing an image into a plurality of super pixels, and constructing super pixel pairs, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the embodiment adopts an image selected from a Berkeley image data set, the image is a common color image, the image is selected before segmentation, the image is scribed, a red line mark is used for a foreground, and a green line mark is used for a background, so that the seed point category is obtained. Using the SLIC algorithm, a number of superpixels are generated, and then superpixel pairs are constructed.
Step 2, constructing a relation matrix of the super pixel pairs, which comprises the following specific steps:
and taking the average value of the characteristics of all pixel points in the super pixels as the characteristics of the super pixels, and calculating a relation matrix of the super pixel pairs by using a Gaussian function.
Step 3, calculating the initial probability of each super pixel pair belonging to the label pair, which is as follows:
the multivariate relation learning is carried out through a high-order tensor product diagram, the interaction between the super pixels of the image is captured, the initial probability that each super pixel pair belongs to a label pair is estimated through calculation, and a high-order graph Laplacian operator is added to smooth the prior label.
And 4, transferring the initial probability of the superpixel pair to the whole by using the relation matrix of the superpixel pair, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the prior probability of the superpixel pair is transmitted to the whole world, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
P(t)＝αQP(t-1)+(1-α)P
where Q is the row normalization matrix of the superpixel pair relationship matrix, P is the initial probability matrix of the superpixel pair, t is the number of iterations, P is the number of iterations(t)Is the result of the tth iteration of P.
And 5, determining the category of the superpixel according to the superpixel pair probability transmitted to the whole situation, and finishing image segmentation.
The experimental result is shown in fig. 2, column 1 is a test image, lines in the image are seed points of the foreground and the background, and columns 2 to 7 are the latest interactive segmentation algorithms: tensor product graph transfer algorithm (TPG), regularized tensor product graph transfer algorithm (RTPG), self-transfer algorithm (SD), probability transfer algorithm (PD), Laplace coordinate algorithm (LC) and sub Markov algorithm (SMRW), and the last 1 is the segmentation result obtained by the algorithm. As can be seen from fig. 2, under the condition of limited seed points, compared with several existing methods, the method of the present invention has a significantly better segmentation effect, expands the local neighborhood relationship to the global relationship on the image, and explores more complex interactions between element pairs and label pairs, which is helpful for better detecting the object contour under limited prior knowledge; second, the tag priors are propagated in the structure of a higher order tensor product map, which can capture the intrinsic data structure between pairs of image elements, which helps to better overcome the problems of low contrast and weak boundaries. The complexity of the image segmentation algorithm and the sensitivity of the segmentation result to the seed point are superior to those of the conventional method, so that the method realizes a better image segmentation effect and has important practical significance on aspects such as image matting, target tracking and the like in image processing.

Claims (6)

1.一种基于标签组传播的交互式图像分割方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. an interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 步骤1、将图像划分成多个超像素，构造超像素对；Step 1. Divide the image into multiple superpixels to construct superpixel pairs; 步骤2、构造超像素对的关系矩阵；Step 2. Construct the relationship matrix of superpixel pairs; 步骤3、计算每一个超像素对属于标签对的初始概率；Step 3. Calculate the initial probability that each superpixel pair belongs to the label pair; 步骤4、利用超像素对的关系矩阵，将超像素对的初始概率传递到全局；Step 4. Using the relationship matrix of the superpixel pair, the initial probability of the superpixel pair is transferred to the global; 步骤5、根据传递到全局的超像素对概率，确定超像素的类别，完成图像分割。Step 5. According to the probability of superpixel pairs passed to the global, determine the category of superpixels, and complete image segmentation. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于标签组传播的交互式图像分割方法，其特征在于，步骤1所述的将图像划分成若干个超像素，构造超像素对，具体如下：2. the interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 1, is divided into several superpixels by image, constructs superpixel pair, is specifically as follows: 步骤1.1、使用无监督分割算法，将图像划分为M个超像素；Step 1.1. Use an unsupervised segmentation algorithm to divide the image into M superpixels; 步骤1.2、对于任意一个超像素，与其余M-1的超像素及自身组合，构建M-1个超像素对，M个超像素一共构建M2个超像素对。Step 1.2. For any superpixel, combine it with the other M-1 superpixels and itself to construct M-1 superpixel pairs, and the M superpixels construct a total of M2 superpixel pairs. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于标签组传播的交互式图像分割方法，其特征在于，步骤2所述的构造超像素对的关系矩阵，具体如下：3. the interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the relation matrix of the structure superpixel pair described in step 2 is specifically as follows: 步骤2.1、取超像素中所有像素点特征的均值作为该超像素的特征；Step 2.1, take the mean of all pixel features in the superpixel as the feature of the superpixel; 步骤2.2、获取超像素的邻域关系，使用高斯函数，根据特征值建立超像素对的关系矩阵。Step 2.2: Obtain the neighborhood relationship of superpixels, and use a Gaussian function to establish a relationship matrix of superpixel pairs according to the eigenvalues. 4.根据权利要求1所述的基于标签组传播的交互式图像分割方法，其特征在于，步骤3所述的计算每一个超像素对属于标签对的初始概率，具体如下：4. the interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the calculation described in step 3 each superpixel pair belongs to the initial probability of label pair, is specifically as follows: 通过高阶张量乘积图进行多元关系学习，捕获图像超像素之间的相互作用，估计出每一个超像素对属于标签对的初始概率，并加入高阶图拉普拉斯算子来平滑先验标签；Multivariate relationship learning is performed through high-order tensor product graphs, capturing the interaction between image superpixels, estimating the initial probability of each superpixel pair belonging to a label pair, and adding a high-order graph Laplacian operator to smooth the first inspection label; 基于融合关系，超像素对sij属于标签对lmn的先验概率
Figure FDA0002311596220000011
定义如下：Based on the fusion relationship, the prior probability that the superpixel pair s ij belongs to the label pair l mn
Figure FDA0002311596220000011
Defined as follows:
Figure FDA0002311596220000012
Figure FDA0002311596220000012
 其中，i,j＝1,…M，超像素对sij由超像素si和sj构成，标签对lmn由标签lm和ln构成，p(si∈lm|sj∈ln)为条件概率，定义如下：Among them, i,j=1,...M, the superpixel pair s ij is composed of superpixels s i and s j , the label pair l mn is composed of labels l m and l n , p(s i ∈ l m |s j ∈ l n ) is the conditional probability, defined as follows:
Figure FDA0002311596220000021
Figure FDA0002311596220000021
 其中，
Figure FDA0002311596220000022
表示超像素Si和Sj之间的相似性，它的值越大则相似性越高；|L|表示标签的数目；in,
Figure FDA0002311596220000022
Represents the similarity between superpixels S i and S j , and the larger the value, the higher the similarity; |L| represents the number of labels;
Figure FDA0002311596220000023
为超像素Si属于标签lm的先验概率，定义如下：
Figure FDA0002311596220000023
is the prior probability that the superpixel Si belongs to the label lm, which is defined as follows: 其中，ci为超像素si的特征，
Figure FDA0002311596220000025
为聚类算法对标签lm种子点特征进行聚类获得的第k个聚类中心，K为聚类中心总个数。Among them, ci is the feature of superpixel si ,
Figure FDA0002311596220000025
is the k-th cluster center obtained by clustering the label l m seed point features by the clustering algorithm, and K is the total number of cluster centers. 5.根据权利要求1所述的基于标签组传播的交互式图像分割方法，其特征在于，步骤4所述的利用超像素对的关系矩阵，将超像素对的初始概率传递到全局，具体如下：5. the interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, utilizes the relation matrix of superpixel pair described in step 4, the initial probability of superpixel pair is passed to the whole, is specifically as follows : P(t)＝αQP(t-1)+(1-α)PP (t) = αQP (t-1) + (1-α)P 其中，Q为步骤2获得的超像素对关系矩阵的行归一化矩阵，P为超像素对的初始概率矩阵，t为迭代次数，P(t)为P第t次迭代的结果，α为调控参数。Among them, Q is the row normalization matrix of the superpixel pair relationship matrix obtained in step 2, P is the initial probability matrix of the superpixel pair, t is the number of iterations, P (t) is the result of the t-th iteration of P, and α is control parameters. 6.根据权利要求1所述的基于标签组传播的交互式图像分割方法，其特征在于，步骤5所述的根据传递到全局的超像素对概率，确定超像素的类别，完成图像分割，具体如下：6. the interactive image segmentation method based on label group propagation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 5, according to the superpixel pair probability delivered to the global, determine the category of superpixel, complete image segmentation, concrete as follows: 确定超像素类别时，根据该超像素与自身及其他M-1个超像素的元素对概率之和，如果这些元素对属于目标的概率大于属于背景的概率，则该超像素属于目标，否则该超像素属于背景，据此完成分类。When determining the superpixel category, according to the sum of the element pair probabilities of the superpixel and itself and other M-1 superpixels, if the probability of these element pairs belonging to the target is greater than the probability of belonging to the background, the superpixel belongs to the target, otherwise the superpixel belongs to the target. Superpixels belong to the background, and the classification is done accordingly.
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Application publication date: 20200519