CN111177903A - Propeller thrust performance test method based on simulation technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a propeller thrust performance testing method based on a simulation technology, which comprises the following steps: s1, configuring a designated file according to the predefined test parameters, and importing the designated file into Fluent simulation software; s2, determining a propeller model used in Fluent simulation software according to the introduced test parameters; s3, determining a flow field calculation domain for placing the propeller model according to the test parameters and the propeller model; s4, processing the flow field calculation domain by ICEM software to generate a grid of a region where a propeller of the ship is located; s5, setting simulation parameters and at least one set of test conditions for testing the propeller in the Fluent simulation software; and carrying out simulation test on the propeller to obtain a simulation test result corresponding to each group of test conditions. The method can directly simulate the thrust generated by the propeller under different sea conditions and working conditions, has rich measurement information and high precision, and is convenient for modifying test conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ship simulation technology, in particular to a propeller thrust performance testing method based on the simulation technology.
Background
The common method for acquiring the thrust and the torque of the small and medium-sized propeller engine in the stormy waves is usually theoretical calculation or a test in a physical water pool, the theoretical calculation is based on an empirical formula, the precision is low, and the small change of the geometrical shape of the propeller cannot be reflected. In a physical test, due to the existence of the propeller, the process of measuring the torque and the thrust of the propeller by using the six-component balance is complex, errors are easily introduced in the measuring process, and the final measuring result and the reliability of the test result cannot be guaranteed.
In addition, the measuring instrument is complex in structure and expensive, so that the measuring instrument is not suitable for being soaked in water for a long time to perform tests. The water leaving test cannot accurately measure the thrust performance of the propeller under different stormy waves and different immersion depths, and cannot obtain the thrust performance of the propeller under the stormy waves and different immersion depths.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of complex measuring process, low measuring result precision and limited test conditions of the existing propeller thrust measuring method, the invention provides the propeller thrust performance testing method based on the simulation technology, which can directly measure the thrust generated by the propeller under different sea conditions and working conditions, and has the advantages of rich measuring information, high precision and convenient modification of test conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a propeller thrust performance testing method based on a simulation technique, which is characterized by comprising:
s1, configuring a designated file according to the predefined test parameters, and importing the designated file into Fluent simulation software;
s2, determining a propeller model used in the Fluent simulation software according to the introduced test parameters;
s3, determining a flow field calculation domain for placing the propeller model according to the test parameters and the propeller model;
s4, processing the flow field calculation domain by ICEM software to generate a grid of a region where a propeller of the ship is located;
s5, setting simulation parameters and at least one set of test conditions for testing the propeller in the Fluent simulation software; and carrying out simulation test on the propeller to obtain a simulation test result corresponding to each group of test conditions.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and (4) deriving a simulation test result in Fluent simulation software, and comparing and analyzing the simulation test result and a theoretical calculation result.
Optionally, the step S2 includes:
importing an externally determined propeller model;
or, selecting a propeller model in a propeller model database;
or receiving the input propeller geometric parameters, and giving modeling to the universal model in the propeller database to obtain the propeller model.
Optionally, the step S3 includes:
the size of the flow field calculation domain is matched with the size of the propeller, and the flow field calculation domain comprises the following steps:
the flow field calculation domain is a cylinder, the axis of the cylinder is collinear with the axis of the propeller hub, the water flow inlet boundary and the water flow outlet boundary of the flow field calculation domain are two bottom surfaces of the cylinder, the diameter of the bottom surface is 5D, the distance between the water flow inlet boundary and the top point of the propeller hub is 3D, and the distance between the water flow outlet boundary and the bottom surface of the propeller hub is 4D.
D is the diameter of the propeller.
Optionally, the step S4 includes:
and carrying out mesh division on the flow field calculation domain by adopting ICEM simulation software, generating shell meshes, stretching the shell meshes into boundary layer meshes, and finally carrying out mesh filling on blank regions in the boundary layer meshes.
Optionally, the step S4 includes: selecting a check box of a response line element enabling adjacent grids to have continuity based on a grid generation method of a predefined triangular grid type, a patch dependency type (PatchDependency) and automatic blocking, and performing line grid node encryption on connecting parts of blades and a propeller shaft by using a dynamic grid encryption method to generate a shell grid;
and stretching the shell grids to form boundary layer grids based on the generated shell grids, setting the height of the first layer, the height change rate and the number of layers of the boundary layer grids, stretching to generate prism grids, and defining an encryption area to generate body grids between the prism grids and the boundary.
Optionally, the step S5 includes:
checking the quality of the volume grid to ensure that the minimum grid volume in the volume grid is larger than zero;
selecting a solver as an implicit steady state solver based on pressure;
defining a turbulence model as an RNGk-epsilon model suitable for hydrodynamic calculation;
selecting water and air in a fluid material database of Fluent simulation software, setting the water and air into a multiphase flow mode, setting an inlet boundary as a speed inlet, setting an outlet boundary as a free outflow, setting a propeller and a propeller hub as non-slip wall surfaces, and setting fluid in a flow field calculation domain to rotate around a shaft at a certain angular speed according to an MRF model.
Optionally, the step S5 further includes:
variables in the test include sea state ratings;
the change of sea state grade is realized by wave generation and wind generation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and opening the VOF model, setting open channel wave making and setting the pressure in an implicit mode before wave making.
Optionally, the UDF quadratic development is used to implement boundary wave generation and wind generation, the function DEFINE _ PROFILE (name, t, i) is used to DEFINE the inlet boundary velocity, the UDF wave generation method is applied to generate second-order stokes waves with different wave heights, wavelengths, phase angles and wave frequencies, and the wave surface equation of the second-order stokes waves is expressed as:
in formula (1): h represents the wave height; k is the wave number; x is the coordinate position of the calculation point; omega is the wave frequency; t is time; d is the water depth; s is the height coordinate of the calculated point from the seabed, i.e. the circumferential wall surface;
the wind with a logarithmic wind profile distribution rule is used as input, and the formula is expressed as follows:
in formula (2): u is the wind speed at Z above the altitude; k is a Karman constant; u. of0The rubbing speed is; z0Is the roughness index.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a propeller thrust performance test is carried out by using a CFD simulation technology, so that the process is simplified, the simulation efficiency is improved, and the propeller development and optimization period is accelerated;
the virtual simulation platform is used for generating various marine environments and wave environments, actual sea conditions under the working conditions of the propeller are better met, and the analysis of the thrust performance of the propeller under different conditions is facilitated;
the method of the embodiment is combined with practical application, and plays a certain guiding role in designing and optimizing the propeller.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a propeller thrust performance testing method based on a simulation technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a propeller thrust performance testing method based on a simulation technique according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between a test value and a calculated value of a propeller characteristic curve according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The propeller thrust performance test can be used in the following aspects: 1. estimating actual thrust performance and thrust loss of the thruster; 2. drawing a test result into a map; 3. the method is used for developing a thrust distribution algorithm in the dynamic positioning system; 4. designing propellers, and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different propeller schemes; 5. and analyzing the influence of different geometrical parameters of the propeller on the thrust performance of the propeller. Therefore, the research on the thrust performance of the propeller has very important significance for a propulsion system.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method specially used for testing the thrust performance of a propeller under different stormy waves.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a propeller thrust performance testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
and S1, configuring a specified file (such as a joumal file) according to the predefined test parameters, and importing the file into Fluent simulation software.
That is, the joumal file is configured according to the predefined trial type of the single trial or the batch trial, and then imported into the Fluent simulation software.
For example, the test parameters in this step may include: the solver type is set as a transient calculation mode of the implicit steady state solver based on pressure, and the turbulence model selects parameters such as an RNG k-epsilon model.
And S2, determining the propeller model used in the Fluent simulation software according to the test parameters.
In this embodiment, the propeller model may be determined in other software and imported into Fluent simulation software. Or the simulation model can be selected from a propeller model library of Fluent simulation software or directly obtained by modeling.
S3, determining a flow field calculation domain for placing the propeller model according to the test parameters and the propeller model;
s4, processing the flow field calculation domain by ICEM software to generate a volume grid of the area where the propeller of the ship is located;
s5, setting simulation parameters and at least one set of test conditions for testing the propeller in the Fluent simulation software; and carrying out simulation test on the propeller to obtain a simulation test result corresponding to each group of test conditions.
In the embodiment, the propeller thrust performance test is carried out by using the CFD simulation technology, so that the process is simplified, the simulation efficiency is improved, and the propeller research and development and optimization period can be accelerated;
the virtual simulation platform is used for generating various marine environments and wave environments, actual sea conditions under the working conditions of the propeller are better met, and the analysis of the thrust performance of the propeller under different conditions is facilitated;
the method of the embodiment is combined with practical application, and plays a certain guiding role in designing and optimizing the propeller.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another propeller thrust performance testing method based on a simulation technique, and the method of the embodiment includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting test type according to test purpose
According to the purpose of the test, a single test or a batch test is selected. Test parameters need to be manually input in a single test, data can be automatically read and parameter setting can be carried out in a batch test by compiling and importing documents in a specified format, and the batch test can be carried out in parallel on a computer or a workstation of a multi-core processor.
Step two: leading-in propeller model
The method for importing the propeller model can adopt a method for importing an external model, selecting a model in a propeller model database or inputting propeller geometric parameters to determine the model.
The external model can be modeled in other software, and the propeller database comprises a universal propeller model which can be directly selected and called.
The method for inputting the propeller geometric parameters can be combined with the propeller geometric parameters and a universal model in a propeller database to carry out modeling, and the propeller parameters are convenient to modify.
Step three: establishing a flow field calculation domain
In the method of the embodiment, the propeller model needs to be placed in the flow field calculation domain for the thrust performance of the propeller under a certain degree of immersion.
Firstly, setting a flow field calculation domain, wherein the size of the flow field calculation domain is related to the size of a propeller, in order to reduce the influence of the wall surface of the flow field calculation domain on the flow field around the propeller, the flow field calculation domain is a cylinder, the axis of the cylinder is collinear with the axis of a propeller hub, the water flow inlet boundary and the water flow outlet boundary of the flow field calculation domain are cylindrical bottom surfaces, the diameter of the bottom surface is 5D, the distance between the water flow inlet boundary and the top point of the propeller hub is 3D, and the distance between the water flow outlet boundary and the bottom surface of the propeller hub is 4D;
according to the test purpose, the whole flow field calculation domain is divided into a small cylindrical flow field calculation domain in the middle rotating area and a peripheral flow field calculation domain.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the MRF model is used, and a cylinder needs to be divided in the calculation domain, so that the rotation calculation of the propeller is facilitated.
Step four: shell mesh generation
The method of the embodiment adopts ICEM software to carry out grid division on a flow field calculation domain, firstly generates shell grids, then stretches the shell grids to form boundary layer grids, and finally carries out grid filling on blank areas.
Specifically, firstly, defining the size of the global grid, then defining the type of the shell grid and the generation method, defining the type of the grid as ALL TRI (triangle), defining the generation method of the grid as Patch dependency, selecting a response line elements check box, and ensuring the continuity of the newly generated grid and the original grid nodes.
Secondly, defining the grid parameters of the propeller blade edge and a grid generating method, wherein the grid generating method is an automatic block (automatic blocking), and the grid generating method for defining the automatic block is favorable for generating a high-quality grid encryption area due to obvious flow change of the blade edge.
Then, defining grid parameters of partial lines, carrying out row grid node encryption on connecting parts of the blades and the propeller hub by using a dynamic grid encryption method, storing and setting a geometric model of the grid parameters, and generating a shell grid.
After the shell grids are generated, boundary layer grids are stretched on the basis of the shell grids, the height change rate and the number of layers of the first layer of the boundary layer grids are firstly set, the shell grids are stretched to generate prism grids, and after an encryption area is defined, body grids between the prism grids and the boundaries are generated.
Step five: performing solution parameter setting
Firstly, checking grid quality, ensuring that the minimum grid volume is larger than zero, namely the grid size, namely the grid volume is all positive, selecting a solver as a default implicit steady state solver based on pressure, and defining a turbulence model as a commonly used RNGk-epsilon model in hydrodynamic calculation; selecting water and air in a fluid material database of Fluent, setting the water and air into a multiphase flow mode, setting an inlet boundary as a speed inlet, setting an outlet boundary as a free outflow, setting a propeller and a hub surface as a non-slip wall surface, and setting the fluid in a calculation domain to rotate around the propeller hub axis at a certain angular speed according to an MRF model.
Step six: setting test parameters
According to the test purpose and the factors influencing the thrust performance of the propeller, a plurality of groups of tests are required, the variable in the tests is mainly the sea condition grade, the change of the sea condition grade is realized by wave making and wind making, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the wavefront making, a VOF model is firstly opened, open channel wave making is set, and pressure is set to be in an implicit form.
In this embodiment, UDF quadratic development is used to implement boundary wave generation and wind generation, a DEFINE _ PROFILE (name, t, i) function is used to DEFINE an inlet boundary speed, a UDF wave generation method is applied to generate second-order stokes waves with different wave heights, wavelengths, phase angles and wave frequencies, and a wave surface equation of the second-order stokes waves can be expressed as:
in the formula: h represents the wave height; k is the wave number; x is the coordinate position of the calculation point; omega is the wave frequency; t is time; d is the water depth; s is the height coordinate of the calculated point from the seafloor (i.e., the circumferential wall).
In the aspect of wind input, wind with a logarithmic wind profile distribution rule is taken as input, and the formula can be expressed as follows:
in the formula: u is the wind speed at Z above the altitude; k is a Karman constant, the value of which is about 0.4, usually 0.4; u. of0The rubbing speed is; z0Is the roughness index.
The method aims to test the thrust performance of the propellers under different stormy waves, so that different stormy wave grades are divided, and the propellers with different advancing speed coefficients are subjected to virtual tests under each stormy wave grade. Firstly, setting the working environment of the propeller as uniform water flow for checking the difference between the method and a theoretical calculated value, and when the consistency is better, showing that the method is feasible.
And then according to a given rule formula, in the process of compiling the UDF, compiling the inlet volume fraction, the outlet volume fraction, the logarithmic law wind speed and the necessary parameters of the second-order stokes waves, setting different parameters to simulate different storm input, storing the UDF as a file in the format of x, c, and compiling the generated file into the Fluent.
Step seven: comparing the test value with the calculated value
After multiple tests are carried out, thrust and torque of the propeller and other data are derived by using the torque function of Fluent, and are used for analyzing the thrust result of the propeller.
According to the characteristic curve of the propeller, it can be seen that the result value of the propeller in the uniform water flow calculated by the method is basically consistent with the result calculated by an empirical formula, and the method is feasible. As shown in fig. 3.
Step eight: propeller thrust performance analysis in stormy waves
And (3) deriving the thrust and the torque output by the propeller under different sea conditions, and drawing the test result into a chart or establishing a database for estimating the thrust loss of the propeller under different storms so as to realize the optimization of the propeller.
In this embodiment, by using Fluent simulation software, test parameters of the propeller thrust test can be directly modified and set, and under the condition that other test parameters are not changed, the test parameters such as marine environment and propeller rotation speed are used as single variables to control, so as to detect the thrust performance of the propeller under different stormy conditions.
The above description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustrating the technical lines and features of the present invention and is provided for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. It is intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A propeller thrust performance test method based on a simulation technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, configuring a designated file according to the predefined test parameters, and importing the designated file into Fluent simulation software;
s2, determining a propeller model used in the Fluent simulation software according to the introduced test parameters;
s3, determining a flow field calculation domain for placing the propeller model according to the test parameters and the propeller model;
s4, processing the flow field calculation domain by ICEM software to generate a grid of a region where a propeller of the ship is located;
s5, setting simulation parameters and at least one set of test conditions for testing the propeller in the Fluent simulation software; and carrying out simulation test on the propeller to obtain a simulation test result corresponding to each group of test conditions.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and (4) deriving a simulation test result in Fluent simulation software, and comparing and analyzing the simulation test result and a theoretical calculation result.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes:
importing an externally determined propeller model;
or, selecting a propeller model in a propeller model database;
or receiving the input propeller geometric parameters, and giving modeling to the universal model in the propeller database to obtain the propeller model.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step S3 includes:
the size of the flow field calculation domain is matched with the size of the propeller, and the flow field calculation domain comprises the following steps:
the flow field calculation domain is a cylinder, the axis of the cylinder is collinear with the axis of the propeller hub, the water flow inlet boundary and the water flow outlet boundary of the flow field calculation domain are two bottom surfaces of the cylinder, the diameter of the bottom surface is 5D, the distance between the water flow inlet boundary and the top point of the propeller hub is 3D, and the distance between the water flow outlet boundary and the bottom surface of the propeller hub is 4D.
D is the diameter of the propeller.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step S4 includes:
and carrying out mesh division on the flow field calculation domain by adopting ICEM simulation software, generating shell meshes, stretching the shell meshes into boundary layer meshes, and finally carrying out mesh filling on blank regions in the boundary layer meshes.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 includes:
selecting a check box of a response line element enabling adjacent grids to have continuity based on a grid generation method of a predefined triangular grid type, Patch dependency (Patch dependency) and automatic blocking, and performing line grid node encryption on connecting parts of the blades and the propeller shaft by using a dynamic grid encryption method to generate a shell grid;
and stretching the shell grids to form boundary layer grids based on the generated shell grids, setting the height of the first layer, the height change rate and the number of layers of the boundary layer grids, stretching to generate prism grids, and defining an encryption area to generate body grids between the prism grids and the boundary.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the step S5 includes:
checking the quality of the volume grid to ensure that the minimum grid volume in the volume grid is larger than zero;
selecting a solver as an implicit steady state solver based on pressure;
defining a turbulence model as an RNGk-epsilon model suitable for hydrodynamic calculation;
selecting water and air in a fluid material database of Fluent simulation software, setting the water and air into a multiphase flow mode, setting an inlet boundary as a speed inlet, setting an outlet boundary as a free outflow, setting a propeller and a propeller hub as non-slip wall surfaces, and setting fluid in a flow field calculation domain to rotate around a shaft at a certain angular speed according to an MRF model.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step S5 further comprises:
variables in the test include sea state ratings;
the change of sea state grade is realized by wave generation and wind generation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and opening the VOF model, setting open channel wave making and setting the pressure in an implicit mode before wave making.
9. The method of claim 8,
the method comprises the following steps of realizing boundary wave generation and wind generation by using UDF quadratic development, defining an inlet boundary speed by using a DEFINE _ PROFILE (name, t, i) function, and generating second-order stokes waves with different wave heights, wavelengths, phase angles and wave frequencies by using the UDF wave generation method, wherein the wave surface equation of the second-order stokes waves is expressed as follows:
in formula (1): h represents the wave height; k is the wave number; x is the coordinate position of the calculation point; omega is the wave frequency; t is time; d is the water depth; s is the height coordinate of the calculated point from the seabed, i.e. the circumferential wall surface;
the wind with a logarithmic wind profile distribution rule is used as input, and the formula is expressed as follows:
in formula (2): u is the wind speed at Z above the altitude; k is a Karman constant; u. of0The rubbing speed is; z0Is the roughness index.
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