CN111175826B - Seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method - Google Patents
Seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111175826B CN111175826B CN202010039871.XA CN202010039871A CN111175826B CN 111175826 B CN111175826 B CN 111175826B CN 202010039871 A CN202010039871 A CN 202010039871A CN 111175826 B CN111175826 B CN 111175826B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/30—Noise handling
- G01V2210/32—Noise reduction
- G01V2210/324—Filtering
- G01V2210/3246—Coherent noise, e.g. spatially coherent or predictable
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a quality control method for suppressing coherent noise of seismic data. The quality control method comprises the following steps: preprocessing original seismic data; calculating the dip angle time difference of the reflected wave time interval curve; calculating the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise time interval curve; if the coherent noise dip angle time difference is more than or equal to 2 times of the reflected wave dip angle time difference, after Fourier transformation is carried out on the three-dimensional seismic data, f-k filtering or f-k filtering is utilizedx‑kyFiltering and suppressing coherent noise; if the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise is less than 2 times of the inclination angle time difference of the reflected wave, respectively calculating the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise of the main measuring line and the cross measuring line, and setting the 2 times of the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise to be f-kx‑kyThe filtering parameters complete coherent noise suppression. The seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method provided by the invention does not need to perform long-period coherent noise suppression treatment with large calculation amount, and the quality control treatment parameters before treatment have a sufficient theoretical basis and can greatly improve the treatment efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a quality control method for suppressing coherent noise of seismic data.
Background
The seismic exploration technology cannot be separated from engineering exploration, mineral resource exploration, underground water exploration, engineering pre-exploration and large-scale building flaw detection, disaster prevention and reduction and resource exploration of oil and gas field enterprises, and the success and failure of exploration are directly determined by the seismic data processing result. The seismic data processing pursues high fidelity, high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution, the first requirement is to improve the data fidelity and the signal-to-noise ratio in the seismic data processing process, and the noise suppression processing in the original seismic single-shot record is the most effective technical means for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity.
The single shot record of the original seismic data consists of reflected signals and noise, the noise can greatly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, the common noise in the seismic data is divided into regular noise and irregular noise, the irregular noise is generally equal to random noise, and the random noise comprises environmental noise, abnormal large value, abnormal small value and the like, and can be naturally suppressed by multiple times of superposition; the most important of the regular noise is coherent noise, and almost all linearly distributed noises such as surface wave, refracted wave, sound wave, secondary seismic source interference and the like belong to coherent noise.
The best method for suppressing coherent noise in two-dimensional seismic data is to perform Fourier transform on an original seismic single shot record through f-k filtering, particularly frequency division, and perform coherent noise suppression one by one on frequency components to solve the problems of surface wave dispersion, refracted wave layering and the like. Expanding two-dimensional data to three-dimensional space, and adopting f-kx-kyThe filter of the domain suppresses coherent noise, and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional f-k filtering are classical coherent noise suppression methods, and the principle is not described herein any more, and any processing software can simply realize the coherent noise suppression.
In the seismic data denoising process, the coherent noise suppression is thorough without damaging effective reflected waves, which is the most ideal result, but how to determine the quality control parameter depends on the quality control method (hereinafter referred to as the quality control method). The quality control method commonly used in the industry at present is a subtraction method, which subtracts the de-noised data from the original seismic data, and visually judges whether reflected waves exist in the subtracted difference profile or the difference single shot record. But the biggest characteristics of the existing quality control method are as follows: and the quality control of the result after the treatment is carried out, and no theoretical basis exists on the basis of visual judgment.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method, which overcomes the defect that the quality control of results after data processing by a quality control method adopted in the prior art is lack of theoretical basis based on visual judgment.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing of original seismic data: and (3) performing decompiling, observation system arrangement, mesh buckling and static correction on the collected seismic single-shot records, and sorting the seismic single-shot records into a cross arrangement domain.
Step S2, calculating the inclination angle time difference of the reflected wave time distance curve: selecting a reflection wave time distance same-phase axis of a certain continuous i-channel, and calculating the inclination angle time difference of the reflection wave by using the following formula:
in the formula (1), DipReflected waveUnits are ms/m, tiRecording reflection event peak travel time for the ith seismic trace in ms; dTrace SpacingRecording the track distance of adjacent tracks for the earthquake, wherein the unit is m;
step S3, calculating the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise time distance curve: finding coherent noise continuous i-channel data of the maximum wave dispersion on the original single shot record, and calculating the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise by using the following formula:
in the formula (2), DipCoherent noiseUnits are ms/m, tiRecording the maximum surface wave frequency dispersion homophase axis wave crest travel time for the ith earthquake in unit of ms; dTrace SpacingIs an earthquakeRecording the track distance of adjacent tracks, wherein the unit is m;
step S4, if the coherent noise inclination angle time difference is more than or equal to 2 times of the reflection wave inclination angle time difference, executing step S5; if the coherent noise inclination angle time difference is less than 2 times of the reflected wave inclination angle time difference, executing the step S6;
step S5, after Fourier transform is carried out on the three-dimensional seismic data, f-k filtering or f-k is utilizedx-kyFiltering and suppressing coherent noise;
step S6, repeating step S3 to calculate the coherent noise inclination angle time difference of the main measuring line and the contact measuring line respectively, and setting the value to be f-k at 2 times of the valuex-kyThe filtering parameters complete coherent noise suppression.
(III) advantageous effects
The seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method provided by the invention has the greatest characteristics that: the coherent noise suppression processing with long period and large calculation amount is not needed, and the processing parameters are controlled before processing, so that not only is a sufficient theoretical basis available, but also the processing efficiency can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for suppressing quality control of seismic data coherent noise according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the results of single shot recording and surface wave region spectral analysis of original actual seismic data;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single shot record after processing coherent noise denoising parameters determined by a general quality control method in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single shot record after processing of denoising parameters determined by the coherent noise suppression quality control method disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing and controlling coherent noise of seismic data, including:
step S1, preprocessing of original seismic data: and (3) performing decompiling, observation system arrangement, mesh buckling and static correction on the collected seismic single-shot records, and sorting the seismic single-shot records into a cross arrangement domain.
Wherein, preparing the original seismic data: the method comprises the steps of performing de-coding, observation system arrangement, grid buckling and static correction processing on the seismic single-shot records collected in the field, sorting data into cross arrangement domains through a channel extraction set before de-noising, and conveniently and quickly completing the preparation work by all processing software. FIG. 2 shows the processed original seismic data, and it can be seen from the results of the noise analysis and the surface wave region spectrum analysis of the single shot record in FIG. 2 that the coherent noise has low frequency, serious dispersion, much stronger energy than the effective energy of the reflected wave, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the single shot record is very low.
Step S2, selecting a certain reflected wave time distance curve in fig. 2, determining i-channel with high signal-to-noise ratio as a measurement object, and visually measuring the inclination time difference of the reflected wave by using the following formula:
in the formula (1), DipReflected waveUnits are ms/m, tiRecording reflection event peak travel time for the ith seismic trace in ms; dTrace SpacingRecording the track distance of adjacent tracks for the earthquake, wherein the unit is m; and calculating to obtain the effective reflected wave inclination angle time difference, wherein the calculated result is 0.025 ms/m.
Step S3, selecting the coherent noise with the maximum surface wave frequency dispersion on the original single shot record as a measurement object for quality control judgment in the following steps, and calculating the inclination time difference of a coherent noise time-distance curve: finding coherent noise continuous i-channel data of the maximum wave dispersion on the original single shot record, and calculating the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise by using the following formula:
in the formula (2), DipCoherent noiseUnits are ms/m, tiRecording the maximum surface wave frequency dispersion homophase axis wave crest travel time for the ith earthquake in unit of ms; dTrace SpacingRecording the track distance of adjacent tracks for the earthquake, wherein the unit is m; is calculated toThe difference in the tilt angles of the maximum surface wave dispersion to the red arrow is 0.1 ms/m.
Step S4, if the coherent noise inclination angle time difference is more than or equal to 2 times of the reflection wave inclination angle time difference, executing step S5; if the coherent noise inclination angle time difference is less than 2 times of the reflected wave inclination angle time difference, executing the step S6;
step S5, after Fourier transform is carried out on the three-dimensional seismic data, f-k filtering or f-k is utilizedx-kyFiltering and suppressing coherent noise;
step S6, repeating step S3 to calculate the coherent noise inclination angle time difference of the main measuring line and the contact measuring line respectively, and setting the value to be f-k at 2 times of the valuex-kyThe filtering parameters complete coherent noise suppression.
The coherent noise quality control determines processing parameters and carries out data denoising processing: the quality control method disclosed by the invention is used for calculating the maximum surface wave frequency dispersion dip angle time difference to be 0.1ms/m, the result obtained by calculating the effective reflection wave dip angle time difference is 0.025ms/m, the denoising parameter dip angle time difference is 4 times of the effective wave dip angle time difference, and a coherent noise area can be in a three-dimensional f-k areax-kyDomain accurate discrimination of coherent noise from valid signal, the three dimensions f-kx-kyThe domain denoising parameters are shown in a figure 4 by the coherent noise suppression result obtained by the quality control method disclosed by the invention, and the coherent noise suppression result obtained by the existing means is shown in a figure 3.
The results of single shot record and surface wave region spectrum analysis of the original actual seismic data are shown in FIG. 2, and it can be seen that the coherent noise is mainly low frequency, the fidelity of the data is seriously reduced, the frequency bandwidth of the surface wave region is 4-16Hz, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low.
The single shot record processed by the coherent noise denoising parameters determined by the general quality control method in the industry at present can be seen to have no obvious linear coherent noise removed, the frequency bandwidth of a surface wave region is 14-28Hz, and the fidelity and the signal-to-noise ratio are very low, but the traditional method considers that the amplitude is preserved.
The single shot record processed by the denoising parameters determined by the coherent noise suppression quality control method disclosed by the invention is shown in figure 4, the fidelity and the signal-to-noise ratio of denoised seismic data are high, the coherent noise is suppressed more thoroughly, the bandwidth of a surface wave region is 7-35Hz, the relative energy of effective reflected waves is improved, and the suppression effect of the coherent noise is superior to that of the denoising effect under the quality control of the traditional quality control method.
The technical content which is not described in the method is realized by adopting or referring to the prior art, and is not described in detail.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A seismic data coherent noise suppression quality control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing of original seismic data: the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing decompiling, observation system arrangement, mesh buckling and static correction on the collected seismic single-shot records, and sorting the seismic single-shot records into a cross arrangement domain;
step S2, calculating the inclination angle time difference of the reflected wave time distance curve: selecting a reflection wave time distance same-phase axis of a certain continuous i-channel, and calculating the inclination angle time difference of the reflection wave by using the following formula:
in the formula (1), DipReflected waveUnits are ms/m, tiRecording reflection event peak travel time for the ith seismic trace in ms; dTrace SpacingRecording the track distance of adjacent tracks for the earthquake, wherein the unit is m;
step S3, calculating the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise time distance curve: finding coherent noise continuous i-channel data of the maximum wave dispersion on the original single shot record, and calculating the inclination angle time difference of the coherent noise by using the following formula:
in the formula (2), DipCoherent noiseUnits of ms/m, DTrace SpacingRecording the track distance of adjacent tracks for the earthquake, wherein the unit is m;
step S4, if the coherent noise inclination angle time difference is more than or equal to 2 times of the reflection wave inclination angle time difference, executing step S5; if the coherent noise inclination angle time difference is less than 2 times of the reflected wave inclination angle time difference, executing the step S6;
step S5, after Fourier transform is carried out on the three-dimensional seismic data, f-k filtering or f-k is utilizedx-kyFiltering and suppressing coherent noise;
step S6, repeating step S3 to calculate coherent noise inclination angle time difference of main measuring line and interconnection measuring line, setting 2 times of the value as f-kx-kyThe filtering parameters complete coherent noise suppression.
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| US7474756B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2009-01-06 | Siemens Corporate Research, Inc. | System and method for non-square blind source separation under coherent noise by beamforming and time-frequency masking |
| AU2009244695B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2013-08-22 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for geophysical and stratigraphic interpretation using waveform anomalies |
| US20140088879A1 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-03-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for noise attenuation in seismic data |
| US9330441B2 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-05-03 | Sap Se | Automated selection of filter parameters for seismic analysis |
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| US6446008B1 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2002-09-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Adaptive seismic noise and interference attenuation method |
| EP2249183A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-10 | Geco Technology B.V. | Modeling and filtering coherent noise in seismic surveying |
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| CN106646614A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Moveout correction-oriented superposed wave separating method |
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