CN111170997A - Carbazole compound and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbazole compound and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111170997A CN111170997A CN201911415794.7A CN201911415794A CN111170997A CN 111170997 A CN111170997 A CN 111170997A CN 201911415794 A CN201911415794 A CN 201911415794A CN 111170997 A CN111170997 A CN 111170997A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- carbazole
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- stereoisomer
- solvate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbazole Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- -1 Carbazole compound Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229940124350 antibacterial drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 13
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 33
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 31
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N [(1s,3r,4ar,7s,8s,8as)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2s)-2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H]2C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CC1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N 0.000 description 17
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- UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,15S,18S,21R)-10,11,21-trihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-14-methylidene-4-(prop-2-enylamino)-20-oxa-5-thia-3-azahexacyclo[9.7.2.112,15.01,9.02,6.012,18]henicosa-2(6),3-dien-13-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@]23C(C1=C)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]12C(N=C(NCC=C)S4)=C4CC(C)(C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@]3(O)OC2 UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylethanolamin Natural products NCCOP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010059993 Vancomycin Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 4
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- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WZZBNLYBHUDSHF-DHLKQENFSA-N 1-[(3s,4s)-4-[8-(2-chloro-4-pyrimidin-2-yloxyphenyl)-7-fluoro-2-methylimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-3-fluoropiperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyethanone Chemical compound CC1=NC2=CN=C3C=C(F)C(C=4C(=CC(OC=5N=CC=CN=5)=CC=4)Cl)=CC3=C2N1[C@H]1CCN(C(=O)CO)C[C@@H]1F WZZBNLYBHUDSHF-DHLKQENFSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N norfloxacin Chemical compound C1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003120 macrolide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041033 macrolides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940014662 pantothenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007660 quinolones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
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- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
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- A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbazole compoundA method for preparing the same and application thereof. The carbazole compound has the following structural general formula, can be used for preparing antibacterial drugs, can effectively slow down or overcome the generation of bacterial drug resistance, and can effectively avoid cross drug resistance with the traditional antibacterial drugs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal chemistry, in particular to carbazole compounds and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, diseases caused by drug-resistant bacterial infections are seriously threatening the health of human beings all over the world. The phenomenon of resistance of pathogens to antibacterial drugs is increasing due to abuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs and a large decrease in approved new antibacterial drugs. The problem of antimicrobial drug resistance has been listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the ten major threats to global health in 2019.
Currently, clinically effective treatment regimens for drug resistant bacterial infections are very limited and have met with significant challenges. In addition, most conventional antibacterial drugs contain the same molecular skeleton. Since the early 90 s of the last century, antibacterial drugs with New Molecular Entities (NMEs) in clinical studies have been seriously lacking. Most of the currently approved antibacterial drugs are still based on the traditional antibacterial molecular skeleton, such as macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines and cephalosporins, etc. In general, antibacterial drugs having similar mechanisms of action or molecular backbones are more susceptible to cross-resistance.
Therefore, the development of highly effective and low toxic antibacterial agents based on new molecular entities to cope with the problem of bacterial resistance has been imminent.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, there is a need for providing carbazole-based compounds. The carbazole compound can be used for preparing antibacterial drugs, can effectively slow down or overcome the generation of bacterial drug resistance, and can effectively avoid cross drug resistance with the traditional antibacterial drugs.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
carbazole compounds with the following structural general formula or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or stereoisomers thereof or solvates thereof or prodrug molecules thereof:
wherein R is1Selected from: at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 straight or branched chain alkyl, at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 straight or branched chain alkenyl;
Raeach independently selected from: H. halogen;
R2is a cationic group selected from: at least one RbSubstituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 cycloalkoxy, at least one RbA substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylamine;
Rbeach independently selected from: H. OH, carbonyl, C1-C15 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C15 linear or branched alkyl alcohol, C1-C15 linear or branched alkylmercapto, C1-C10 alkylamine, C5-C10 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, C1-C5 aminoiminoalkyl, or a combination of the foregoing, which, when each two of the foregoing groups are attached to the same carbon atom, are linked to each other to form a ring or not.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carbazole compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the stereoisomer thereof or the solvate thereof or the prodrug molecule thereof, which adopts one of the following synthetic routes (I) to (III) to prepare:
scheme (I):
scheme (II):
scheme (III):
The invention also provides application of the carbazole compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or stereoisomer thereof or solvate thereof or prodrug molecule thereof in preparing a medicament with antibacterial effect.
The invention also provides the application of the carbazole compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the stereoisomer thereof, or the solvate thereof, or the prodrug molecule thereof, and the composition of zinc ions in preparing the medicine with antibacterial effect.
The principle and advantages of the invention are as follows:
currently, clinical drugs containing a carbazole skeleton have been commercialized including antihypertensive drugs carvedilol and carbazolol, and anticancer drugs ellipticine and illicit. However, there is no carbazole-based antibacterial drug approved for clinical use. Carbazole has special molecular structure characteristics, and various functional groups can be easily introduced into the carbazole skeleton. Therefore, carbazole can be used as an advantageous framework for antimicrobial drug development, and has the potential of avoiding cross-drug resistance with traditional antimicrobial drugs.
In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of carbazole-like small molecules that mimic antimicrobial peptides. And respectively introducing a hydrophobic lipid chain and a cation module into the carbazole parent nucleus to form a cationic amphiphilic structure. The introduced cationic groups (such as aliphatic amine and basic amino acid) can promote the interaction between the carbazole derivative and the negatively charged bacterial membrane through electrostatic attraction, and the introduced hydrophobic aliphatic chains have strong hydrophobic interaction with the bacterial phospholipid bilayer, so that the permeability of the bacterial membrane is modified and even broken, the leakage of the bacterial cell content is triggered, and the bacterial cell death is caused. The cell membrane of bacteria is negatively charged because the phospholipid components of the bacterial cell membrane mainly include electronegative Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and Cardiolipin (CL) and electroneutral Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The eukaryotic cell membrane is electrically neutral, because the phospholipid component of the eukaryotic cell membrane mainly includes electrically neutral Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Phosphatidylcholine (PC), Sphingomyelin (SM), and the like. Therefore, the carbazole-based compound can selectively act on bacteria and effectively resist drug-resistant bacterial infection.
The preparation method takes 4-epoxypropane oxy carbazole as a starting raw material, the starting raw material is an intermediate for synthesizing antihypertensive drugs carvedilol and carbazol Xinan, and the preparation method is common and cheap, so that the preparation cost is low, and the steps are simple.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the drug resistance test for Compound 29 and norfloxacin-induced bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213);
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of an antibacterial experiment of Compound 29 and vancomycin in a mouse keratitis model caused by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213.
Detailed Description
The carbazole-based compounds of the present invention, the preparation method thereof, and the use thereof will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention provides carbazole compounds with the following structural general formula or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or stereoisomers thereof or solvates thereof or prodrug molecules thereof:
wherein R is1Selected from: at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 straight or branched chain alkyl, at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 straight or branched chain alkenyl;
Raeach independently selected from: H. halogen;
R2is a cationic group selected from: at least one RbSubstituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 cycloalkoxy, at least one RbA substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylamine;
Rbeach independently selected from: H. OH, carbonyl, C1-C15 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C15 linear or branched alkyl alcohol, C1-C15 linear or branched alkylmercapto, C1-C10 alkylamine, C5-C10 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, C1-C5 aminoiminoalkyl, or a combination of the foregoing, which, when each two of the foregoing groups are attached to the same carbon atom, are linked to each other to form a ring or not.
Specifically, the relevant schemes for the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above carbazole-based compounds are as follows: if the compound is basic, salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids. Such acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, sulfuric, succinic, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like. Particular embodiments include citric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid. Other exemplary salts include, but are not limited to, sulfate, citrate, acetate, oxalate, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinic acid, lactic acid, salicylate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate, tannate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, gentisate, gluconate, glucuronate, gluconate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methylsulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate.
In one specific embodiment, R2Selected from: C2-C5 cycloalkoxy or a group of the general structural formula:
In one particular embodiment, n ≠ 0.
In one specific embodiment, RbEach independently selected from: H. OH, carbonyl, C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl alcohol, C1-C5 linear or branched alkylmercapto, C2-C6 alkylamine, C5-C8 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, C1-C2 aminoiminoalkyl, or a combination of the foregoing, which, when each two of the foregoing groups are attached to the same carbon atom, are linked to each other to form a ring or not.
In one particular embodiment, the C5-C8 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group has the structure:
wherein w is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and V is independently at each occurrence C or N.
In one particular embodiment, the C5-C8 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group has the structure:
wherein w is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and V is independently at each occurrence C or N.
In one specific embodiment, R1Selected from: at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 straight chain alkyl, at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 branched alkenyl.
In one specific embodiment, the carbazole-based compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the stereoisomer thereof, or the solvate thereof, or the prodrug molecule thereof is selected from the following compounds:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the carbazole compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the stereoisomer thereof or the solvate thereof or the prodrug molecule thereof, which adopts one of the following synthetic routes (I) to (III) to prepare:
scheme (I):
scheme (II):
scheme (III):
The invention also provides application of the carbazole compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or stereoisomer thereof or solvate thereof or prodrug molecule thereof in preparing a medicament with antibacterial effect.
The invention also provides the application of the carbazole compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the stereoisomer thereof, or the solvate thereof, or the prodrug molecule thereof, and the composition of zinc ions in preparing the medicine with antibacterial effect.
Specific examples of the preparation of the compounds are provided below.
The synthetic route is as follows:
(A)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
The preparation method of the compound comprises the following steps:
synthesis of Compound 2
4-Oxypropyleneoxy carbazole (100mg, 0.42mmol) was dissolved in a DMF (10mL) solution, methyl iodide (52. mu.L, 0.84mmol) and NaOH (33.43mg, 0.84mmol) were then added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted 3 times with water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether ═ 1/4) to give compound 2 as a pale yellow solid (86.2mg, 81%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.36–8.33(m,1H),7.47–7.41(m,1H),7.38–7.33(m,2H),7.25–7.22(m,1H),7.03(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.48–4.21(m,2H),3.81(s,3H),3.56–3.50(m,1H),2.99–2.83(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.09,142.65,140.36,126.44,124.98,123.27,122.07,119.29,112.17,107.98,102.10,101.06,68.89,50.47,44.96,29.38.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C16H16NO2[M+H]+254.1181,found 254.1169。
Synthesis of Compound 3
Following the synthesis of compound 2, starting with 4-epoxypropyleneoxycarbazole (73.1mg, 0.31mmol), NaOH (24.4mg, 0.61mmol) and 1-iodopropane (59 μ L, 0.61mmol), compound 3 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (79.8mg, 93%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.37–8.33(m,1H),7.45–7.33(m,3H),7.25–7.20(m,1H),7.04(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.65(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.50–4.19(m,4H),3.57–3.52(m,1H),3.02–2.84(m,2H),1.96–1.83(m,2H),0.95(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.17,142.19,139.89,126.33,124.89,123.35,122.13,119.18,112.22,108.28,102.42,100.90,68.89,50.48,44.96,44.89,22.42,11.85.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C18H20NO2[M+H]+282.1494,found 282.1490。
Synthesis of Compound 4
Following the synthesis of compound 2, starting with 4-epoxypropyleneoxycarbazole (104.2mg, 0.44mmol), NaOH (33.4mg, 0.84mmol) and 1-iodopentane (114 μ L, 0.87mmol), compound 4 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (102.5mg, 76%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.28(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.45–7.29(m,3H),7.20–7.14(m,1H),7.10–7.06(m,1H),6.72–6.68(m,1H),4.60–4.49(m,1H),4.35–4.25(m,2H),4.15–4.08(m,1H),3.55–3.50(m,1H),2.97–2.85(m,2H),1.87–1.77(m,2H),1.38–1.28(m,4H),0.89–0.79(m,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.43,143.29,141.05,127.45,125.77,124.08,123.28,119.89,113.14,109.35,103.39,101.96,70.13,51.52,45.09,43.80,30.35,29.73,23.50,14.29.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C20H24NO2[M+H]+310.1807,found310.1794。
Synthesis of Compound 5
Following the synthesis of compound 2, starting with 4-epoxypropyleneoxycarbazole (100mg, 0.42mmol), NaOH (33.43mg, 0.84mmol) and 1-iodoheptane (137 μ L, 0.84mmol), compound 5 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (106.7mg, 76%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.28(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.43–7.29(m,3H),7.20–7.14(m,1H),7.07(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.56–4.48(m,1H),4.29(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.15–4.06(m,1H),3.54–3.48(m,1H),3.00–2.81(m,2H),1.87–1.73(m,2H),1.32–1.18(m,8H),0.84(t,J=6.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.42,143.28,141.04,127.45,125.76,124.09,123.28,119.89,113.14,109.36,103.40,101.95,70.11,51.52,45.09,43.81,32.86,30.16,30.01,28.12,23.56,14.35.HRMS(ESI+):calculatedfor C22H28NO2[M+H]+338.2120,found 338.2106。
Synthesis of Compound 6
Following the synthesis of compound 2, starting with 4-epoxypropyleneoxycarbazole (80mg, 0.33mmol), NaOH (26.4mg, 0.66mmol) and 1-iodononane (125 μ L, 0.67mmol), compound 6 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (82.3mg, 70%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.28(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.45–7.36(m,2H),7.34(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.20–7.14(m,1H),7.08(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.57–4.51(m,1H),4.31(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.17–4.10(m,1H),3.56–3.50(m,1H),2.99–2.86(m,2H),1.88–1.76(m,2H),1.34–1.19(m,12H),0.86(t,J=7.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.46,143.32,141.07,127.45,125.77,124.10,123.30,119.90,113.17,109.38,103.43,101.98,70.17,51.54,45.11,43.84,32.95,30.53,30.46,30.26,29.98,28.12,23.66,14.39.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C24H32NO2[M+H]+366.2433,found 366.2421。
Synthesis of Compound 7
4-Oxypropyleneoxy carbazole (2.01g, 6.54mmol) was dissolved in DMF (30mL) solution, followed by the addition of potassium tert-butoxide (2.83g, 25.20mmol) and potassium iodide (2.09g, 12.60mmol), followed by the slow dropwise addition of 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butene (2.89mL, 25.20 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted 3 times with water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether) to afford compound 7 as a white solid (1.46g, 57%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.36(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.46–7.40(m,1H),7.35(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.26–7.22(m,1H),7.03(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.31–5.22(m,1H),4.87(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.48–4.24(m,2H),3.57–3.52(m,1H),3.00–2.87(m,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.70(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ156.66,143.12,140.87,136.17,127.47,125.67,124.14,123.50,121.20,119.92,113.28,109.37,103.21,101.86,75.31,70.28,59.53,41.94,25.71,18.20.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C20H22NO2[M+H]+308.1651,found 308.1642。
Synthesis of Compound 8
Compound 2(54.3mg, 0.33mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (5mL) and dimethylamine (0.5mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 65 ℃ for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the organic solvent in the reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel chromatography (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether ═ 1/1) to afford compound 8 as a pale yellow solid (58.8mg, 92%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.48–7.43(m,1H),7.41–7.36(m,2H),7.27–7.23(m,1H),7.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.70(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.35–4.19(m,3H),3.84(s,3H),2.79–2.58(m,2H),2.40(s,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.27,142.61,140.35,126.56,124.88,123.01,122.13,119.20,112.04,108.03,101.87,100.98,70.42,66.42,62.58,45.71(2×CH3),29.38.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C18H23N2O2[M+H]+299.1760,found 299.1746。
Synthesis of Compound 9
Following the synthesis of compound 8, starting with 3(37.6mg, 0.13mmol) and dimethylamine (0.5mL), compound 9 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (38.9mg,89%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.34–8.31(m,1H),7.47–7.35(m,3H),7.26–7.22(m,1H),7.05(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.34–4.21(m,5H),2.77–2.58(m,2H),2.39(s,6H),1.97–1.85(m,2H),0.97(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.41,142.13,139.86,126.42,124.76,123.12,122.20,119.08,112.10,108.30,102.14,100.79,70.49,66.52,62.56,45.80(2×CH3),44.88,22.41,11.85.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C20H27N2O2[M+H]+327.2073,found 327.2069。
synthesis of Compound 10
Following the synthetic procedure for compound 8, starting from 4(65.7mg, 0.21mmol) and dimethylamine (0.5mL), compound 10 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (60.7mg, 81%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.46–7.34(m,3H),7.26–7.21(m,1H),7.04(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.35–4.20(m,5H),2.79–2.58(m,2H),2.40(s,6H),1.91–1.81(m,2H),1.39–1.33(m,4H),0.88(t,J=7.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.41,142.06,139.79,126.42,124.76,123.12,122.20,119.06,112.10,108.25,102.09,100.77,70.48,66.50,62.55,45.79(2×CH3),43.32,29.46,28.78,22.56,14.03.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C22H31N2O2[M+H]+355.2386,found355.2373。
Synthesis of Compound 11
Following the synthetic procedure for compound 8, starting from 5(61.9mg, 0.18mmol) and dimethylamine (0.5mL), compound 11 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (65.3mg, 93%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33–8.28(m,1H),7.45–7.33(m,3H),7.25–7.20(m,1H),7.02(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.34–4.20(m,5H),2.77–2.57(m,2H),2.38(s,6H),1.91–1.78(m,2H),1.35–1.21(m,8H),0.85(t,J=7.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.41,142.05,139.78,126.42,124.75,123.12,122.20,119.06,112.09,108.25,102.10,100.76,70.48,66.53,62.55,45.81(2×CH3),43.35,31.80,29.16,29.09,27.32,22.67,14.13.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C24H35N2O2[M+H]+383.2699,found 383.2689。
Synthesis of Compound 12
Following the synthetic procedure for compound 8, starting from 6(53.7mg, 0.18mmol) and dimethylamine (0.5mL), compound 12 was prepared as a pale yellow solid (53.4mg, 88%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.46–7.34(m,3H),7.26–7.21(m,1H),7.04(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.37–4.20(m,5H),2.79–2.58(m,2H),2.39(s,6H),1.92–1.76(m,2H),1.39–1.23(m,12H),0.87(t,J=6.9Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.41,142.05,139.78,126.41,124.75,123.12,122.20,119.05,112.10,108.25,102.10,100.76,70.48,66.51,62.54,45.80(2×CH3),43.34,31.89,29.54,29.49,29.31,29.06,27.35,22.70,14.16.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C26H39N2O2[M+H]+411.3012,found 411.3003。
Synthesis of Compound 13
According to the synthesis of compound 8, starting with 7(41.5mg,0.14mmol) and dimethylamine (0.5mL), compound 13 was prepared as a white solid (38.6mg, 81%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.35–8.31(m,1H),7.38(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),7.37–7.36(m,1H),7.33(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.20–7.13(m,1H),7.03(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.25–5.18(m,1H),4.88(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),4.32–4.25(m,1H),4.21–4.17(m,2H),2.78–2.59(m,2H),2.35(s,6H),1.91(s,3H),1.71–1.68(m,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,)δ156.58,143.09,140.84,136.14,127.47,125.69,124.14,123.46,121.16,119.90,113.24,109.41,103.27,101.88,71.72,68.68,63.55,46.11(2×CH3),41.90,25.71,18.19.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C22H29N2O2[M+H]+353.2229,found353.2227。
Synthesis of Compound 14
According to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(100mg, 0.32mmol) and diethylamine (0.5mL), compound 14 was prepared as a white solid (97.3mg, 79%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.35(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.43–7.38(m,2H),7.36(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.18(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.24(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.91(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),4.35–4.27(m,1H),4.25(d,J=4.7Hz,2H),3.06–2.73(m,6H),1.93(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.15(t,J=7.2Hz,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.57,143.14,140.88,136.25,127.51,125.72,124.13,123.45,121.17,119.88,113.24,109.44,103.30,101.85,71.48,71.46,68.45,56.88,41.97(2×CH2),25.73,18.21,11.32(2×CH3).HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C24H33N2O2[M+H]+381.2542,found 381.2537。
Synthesis of Compound 15
According to the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(80.39mg, 0.26mmol) and dipropylamine (0.5mL), compound 15 was prepared as a white solid (80.6mg, 75%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.34(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.39–7.29(m,3H),7.18–7.12(m,1H),7.06–6.98(m,1H),6.75–6.64(m,1H),5.25–5.17(m,1H),4.92–4.86(m,2H),4.29–4.15(m,3H),2.91–2.65(m,2H),2.54–2.44(m,4H),1.93–1.87(m,3H),1.69(s,3H),1.54–1.45(m,4H),0.88–0.83(m,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.73,143.12,140.86,136.13,127.46,125.65,124.22,123.53,121.21,119.84,113.30,109.37,103.15,101.83,71.37,69.13,58.42,58.08(2×CH2),41.94,25.72,21.14(2×CH2),18.20,12.18(2×CH3).HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C26H37N2O2[M+H]+409.2855,found 409.2851。
Synthesis of Compound 16
Following the synthetic procedure for compound 8, starting from 7(80.35mg, 0.26mmol) and dibutylamine (0.5mL), compound 16 was prepared as a white solid (81.4mg, 71%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.38–8.31(m,1H),7.39–7.36(m,2H),7.33(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.19–7.11(m,1H),7.03(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.25–5.17(m,1H),4.89(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.29–4.22(m,2H),4.22–4.15(m,1H),2.94–2.65(m,2H),2.55–2.48(m,4H),1.91(s,3H),1.70(s,3H),1.48–1.40(m,4H),1.29–1.21(m,4H),0.83(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.73,143.14,140.88,136.12,127.47,125.64,124.22,123.56,121.23,119.86,113.33,109.38,103.14,101.82,71.22,69.14,58.31,55.92(2×CH2),41.95,30.28(2×CH2),25.73,21.68(2×CH2),18.21,14.34(2×CH3).HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C28H41N2O2[M+H]+437.3168,found 437.3164。
Synthesis of Compound 17
According to the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(41.5mg,0.14mmol) and tetrahydropyrrole (0.5mL)Starting material, compound 17 was prepared as a white solid (49.3mg, 84%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.31(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.41–7.37(m,2H),7.34(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.23–7.15(m,1H),7.05(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.25–5.16(m,1H),4.47–4.37(m,1H),4.30–4.17(m,2H),3.30–3.25(m,2H),3.24–3.16(m,4H),2.03–1.97(m,4H),1.90(s,3H),1.69(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.37,143.21,140.97,136.37,127.58,125.89,124.15,123.39,121.13,120.08,113.30,109.59,103.64,102.07,71.37,67.70,59.50,55.69(2×CH2),42.02,25.77,24.03(2×CH2),18.26.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C24H31N2O2[M+H]+379.2386,found379.2382。
Synthesis of Compound 18
According to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(57.2mg, 0.19mmol) and piperidine (0.5mL), compound 18 was prepared as a white solid (61.8mg, 76%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.45–7.40(m,1H),7.38(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),7.36–7.34(m,1H),7.26–7.21(m,1H),7.02(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.30–5.23(m,1H),4.88(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.35–4.26(m,2H),4.25–4.17(m,1H),2.73–2.63(m,4H),2.50–2.39(m,2H),1.94–1.90(m,3H),1.72–1.69(m,3H),1.68–1.59(m,4H),1.53–1.45(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.49,141.90,139.64,135.11,126.43,124.75,123.20,122.38,120.10,119.15,112.26,108.32,102.11,100.89,70.63,65.69,61.87,54.96,41.37(2×CH2),26.23(2×CH2),25.67,24.35,18.29.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C25H33N2O2[M+H]+393.2542,found 393.2537。
Synthesis of Compound 19
According to the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(51mg, 0.17mmol) and N-methylpiperazine (0.5mL), compound 19 was obtained as a yellow oil (46.5mg, 64%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.32(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.38–7.35(m,2H),7.32(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.21–7.12(m,1H),7.02(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.19(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),4.85(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),4.31–4.24(m,1H),4.21(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),2.97–2.69(m,10H),2.55(s,3H),1.89(s,3H),1.68(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.62,143.13,140.88,136.26,127.53,125.75,124.11,123.44,121.13,119.95,113.25,109.48,103.31,101.95,71.50,68.45,61.64,54.95(2×CH2),52.85(2×CH2),44.46,41.95,25.73,18.21.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C25H34N3O2[M+H]+408.2651,found 408.2648。
Synthesis of Compound 20
According to the synthesis of compound 8, starting with 7(53.6mg, 0.17mmol) and diethanolamine (0.5mL), compound 20 was prepared as a white solid (64.8mg, 87%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.28(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.43–7.37(m,1H),7.33(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.24–7.19(m,1H),6.99(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.61(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.28–5.22(m,1H),4.84(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.38–4.29(m,1H),4.25–4.15(m,2H),3.83–3.74(m,2H),3.67–3.60(m,2H),2.92–2.76(m,4H),2.62–2.54(m,2H),1.91(s,3H),1.72–1.67(m,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.23,141.85,139.59,135.12,126.47,124.81,123.11,122.24,120.05,119.14,112.09,108.37,102.17,100.83,70.04,67.62,59.52,58.71,57.44,50.81,41.32(2×CH2),25.65,18.26.HRMS(ESI+):calculatedfor C24H33N2O4[M+H]+367.2368,found 367.2381。
Synthesis of Compound 21
According to the synthetic method of compound 8, starting from 7(62.5mg, 0.20mmol) and thiomorpholine (0.5mL), compound 21 was obtained as a white solid (80.5mg, 91%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.31–8.24(m,1H),7.44–7.39(m,1H),7.38–7.32(m,2H),7.24–7.20(m,1H),7.01(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.28–5.22(m,1H),4.87(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.33–4.25(m,2H),4.24–4.17(m,1H),3.03–2.94(m,2H),2.82–2.73(m,4H),2.73–2.63(m,4H),1.91(s,3H),1.69(s,3H).13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.32,141.91,139.65,135.19,126.44,124.83,123.05,122.28,120.03,119.18,112.22,108.42,102.27,100.88,70.31,65.82,61.88,55.54(2×CH2),41.39,28.12(2×CH2),25.67,18.29.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C24H31N2O2S[M+H]+411.2106,found 411.2102。
Synthesis of Compound 22
Following the synthetic procedure for compound 8, starting with 7(50mg, 0.17mmol) and ethylamine (0.5mL), compound 22 was prepared as a white solid (38.8mg, 68%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.30(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.42–7.38(m,2H),7.35(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.22–7.16(m,1H),7.07(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.27–5.16(m,1H),4.94–4.91(m,2H),4.51–4.18(m,3H),3.43–3.35(m,1H),3.30–3.23(m,1H),3.14(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.70(s,3H),1.34(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.17,143.15,140.91,136.32,127.52,125.85,124.00,123.28,121.06,120.03,113.19,109.56,103.66,101.97,70.90,66.90,51.16,44.19,41.95,25.72,18.21,11.42.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C22H29N2O2[M+H]+353.2229,found 353.2224。
Synthesis of Compound 23
Following the synthetic procedure for compound 8, starting from 7(50mg, 0.16mmol) and n-propylamine (0.5mL), compound 23 was prepared as a white solid (40.5mg, 68%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.29(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.44–7.32(m,3H),7.23–7.14(m,1H),7.08(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.27–5.16(m,1H),4.98–4.90(m,2H),4.53–4.17(m,3H),3.43–3.34(m,1H),3.29–3.22(m,1H),3.08–2.94(m,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.80–1.65(m,5H),1.02(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ156.18,143.19,140.95,136.36,127.52,125.87,123.98,123.29,121.08,120.02,113.23,109.58,103.69,101.99,70.95,66.92,51.57,50.69,41.99,25.72,20.59,18.21,11.24.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C23H31N2O2[M+H]+367.2386,found 367.2380。
Synthesis of Compound 24
Following the synthetic procedure for compound 8, starting from 7(56.7mg,0.18mmol) and isopropylamine (0.5mL), compound 24 was prepared as a white solid (58.2mg, 87%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.31(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.46–7.40(m,1H),7.39–7.34(m,2H),7.26–7.21(m,1H),7.02(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.30–5.24(m,1H),4.88(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.34–4.20(m,3H),3.10–3.04(m,1H),2.97–2.86(m,2H),2.63(br,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.71(s,3H),1.15–1.11(m,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.30,141.90,139.63,135.17,126.45,124.82,123.08,122.27,120.04,119.19,112.20,108.39,102.25,100.92,70.55,68.63,49.61,49.13,41.38,25.65,23.09,22.92,18.28.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C23H31N2O2[M+H]+367.2368,found 367.2381。
Synthesis of Compound 25
According to the method for synthesizing compound 8, starting from 7(53.7mg,0.17mmol) and n-pentylamine (0.5mL), compound 25 was obtained as a white solid (64.6mg, 93%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.30(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.45–7.41(m,1H),7.39–7.34(m,2H),7.26–7.21(m,1H),7.02(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.30–5.23(m,1H),4.88(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),4.35–4.19(m,3H),3.08–2.90(m,2H),2.75–2.63(m,2H),2.45(br,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.71(s,3H),1.36–1.25(m,6H),0.90(t,J=6.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.28,141.90,139.63,135.17,126.45,124.83,123.07,122.26,120.04,119.21,112.19,108.39,102.25,100.92,70.53,68.31,52.19,49.96,41.37,29.64,29.49,25.65,22.64,18.28,14.12.HRMS(ESI+):calculated forC25H35N2O2[M+H]+395.2699,found 395.2698。
Synthesis of Compound 26
According to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(59.2mg, 0.19mmol) and n-octylamine (0.5mL), compound 26 was prepared as a white solid (77.5mg, 92%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.30(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.45–7.33(m,3H),7.24(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.31–5.22(m,1H),4.88(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),4.33–4.19(m,3H),3.07–2.90(m,2H),2.77–2.61(m,2H),2.33(br,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.71(s,3H),1.35–1.23(m,12H),0.91–0.85(m,3H).13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.30,141.90,139.63,135.17,126.44,124.82,123.06,122.26,120.04,119.20,112.19,108.38,102.24,100.92,70.56,68.44,52.21,50.07,41.38,31.92,30.17,29.59,29.35,27.36,25.65,22.74,18.28,14.18.HRMS(ESI+):calculatedfor C28H41N2O2[M+H]+437.3168,found 437.3168。
Synthesis of Compound 27
According to the method for synthesizing compound 8, starting from 7(50.3mg,0.16mmol) and n-nonanamine (0.5mL), compound 27 was obtained as a white solid (60.8mg, 82%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.29(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.45–7.40(m,1H),7.39–7.33(m,2H),7.25–7.21(m,1H),7.02(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.30–5.22(m,1H),4.88(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.33–4.20(m,3H),3.07–2.89(m,2H),2.77–2.60(m,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.70(s,3H),1.34–1.23(m,16H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.31,141.90,139.63,135.16,126.44,124.82,123.06,122.27,120.04,119.20,112.19,108.38,102.24,100.92,70.58,68.50,52.23,50.10,41.38,31.99,30.24,29.71,29.67,29.65,29.42,27.37,25.65,22.77,18.28,14.21.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C30H45N2O2[M+H]+465.3481,found 465.3471。
Synthesis of Compound 28
According to the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(50mg, 0.17mmol) and ammonia (2mL), compound 28 was obtained as a white solid (26.5mg, 50%).1H NMR(400MHz,(CD3)2SO)δ8.32–8.21(m,1H),7.49(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.43–7.29(m,2H),7.19(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.23–5.06(m,1H),4.95(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),4.22–4.07(m,2H),4.03–3.93(m,1H),2.97–2.72(m,2H),1.90(s,3H),1.66(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,(CD3)2SO)δ155.09,141.31,139.08,134.80,126.66,124.69,122.68,121.65,119.96,118.90,111.26,108.78,102.20,100.95,79.24,70.12,70.02,44.63,25.37,18.07.HRMS(ESI+):calculated forC20H25N2O2[M+H]+325.1916,found 325.1911。
Synthesis of Compound 29
Compound 28(200mg, 0.62mmol) was dissolved in DMF (15mL) solution and 1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine hydrochloride (225.90mg, 1.54mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (254.72. mu.L, 1.54mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with 1-butanol and extracted three times with water. The organic layers were combined and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting crude product was purified by HPLC to afford compound 29 as a white solid (116.5mg, 52%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.30(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.42–7.32(m,3H),7.21–7.15(m,1H),7.07(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.22(t,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.91(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),4.38–4.18(m,3H),3.70–3.48(m,2H),1.92(s,3H),1.70(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ159.78,156.34,143.18,140.92,136.32,127.50,125.80,124.04,123.35,121.11,120.03,113.23,109.50,103.55,101.92,70.43,69.90,46.09,41.99,25.72,18.21.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C21H27N4O2[M+H]+367.2134,found 367.2133。
Synthesis of Compound 30
14(51mg, 0.13mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (10mL) and iodomethane (0.5mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the organic solvent in the reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was purified by HPLC to afford compound 30 as a white solid (48.4mg, 69%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.26(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.38–7.29(m,3H),7.20–7.13(m,1H),7.04(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.76–6.68(m,1H),5.18–5.13(m,1H),4.84(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.72–4.62(m,1H),4.33–4.17(m,2H),3.63–3.31(m,6H),3.08(s,3H),1.87(s,3H),1.66(s,3H),1.30(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ155.95,143.22,140.95,136.43,127.60,125.98,123.89,123.18,120.99,120.05,113.21,109.71,103.88,102.14,71.33,70.96,65.57,64.25,59.15,58.83,41.99,25.73,18.22,9.05,8.24.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C25H35IN2O2[M-I]+395.2699,found 395.2695。
Synthesis of Compound 31
According to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 30, starting from 16(60.0mg, 0.14mmol) and iodomethane (0.5mL), compound 31 was prepared as a white solid (58.1mg, 64%).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.23(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.37–7.28(m,3H),7.14(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.74(t,J=6.7Hz,1H),5.22–5.08(m,1H),4.81(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),4.66–4.57(m,1H),4.39–4.11(m,2H),3.65–3.47(m,2H),3.40–3.31(m,2H),3.24(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),3.12–3.03(m,3H),1.89–1.81(m,3H),1.71–1.50(m,7H),1.30–1.16(m,4H),0.82(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ155.70,143.28,141.00,136.44,127.65,126.03,123.86,123.19,120.99,120.13,113.25,109.76,103.92,102.13,70.82,65.16,65.12,64.32,63.91,42.01(2×CH2),25.75,25.23,25.20,20.64,20.61,18.23,13.85,13.83.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C29H43IN2O2[M-I]+451.3319,found451.3323。
Synthesis of Compound 34
Compound 28(100mg, 0.308mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10mL) and then Fmoc-Lys (Fmoc) -OH (455.2mg, 0.77mmol), HATU (292.99mg, 0.77mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (254.72. mu.L, 1.54mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction is completed, mixingThe compound was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted three times with water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product 32, which was used in the next reaction without further purification. The resulting crude product 32 was added to a 20% piperidine/DMF (v/v) solution (5mL) at room temperature, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with 1-butanol and extracted three times with water. The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC to give 21.1mg of compound 34 as a white solid, 22% total yield over the two steps.1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.40–8.31(m,1H),7.43–7.33(m,3H),7.20–7.15(m,1H),7.07(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.73(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.27–5.19(m,1H),4.93(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.35–4.18(m,3H),3.84–3.69(m,2H),3.67–3.47(m,1H),2.92–2.80(m,2H),1.94(s,3H),1.89–1.76(m,2H),1.71(s,3H),1.68–1.61(m,2H),1.52–1.42(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ172.00,156.59,143.15,140.89,136.30,127.50,125.75,124.29,123.42,121.13,120.03,113.26,109.42,103.39,101.85,70.96,69.99,54.54,44.06,41.98,40.20,32.73,28.13,25.74,22.99,18.24.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C26H37N4O3[M+H]+453.2688,found453.2865。
Synthesis of Compound 35
Compound 28(100mg, 0.308mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10mL) and then Fmoc-Arg-OH (305.5mg, 0.77mmol), HATU (292.99mg, 0.77mmol) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (254.72. mu.L, 1.54mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted three times with water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product 32, which was used in the next reaction without further purification. The resulting crude product 32 was added to a 20% piperidine/DMF (v/v) solution (5mL) at room temperature, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with 1-butanol and extracted three times with water. The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure. What is needed isThe crude product was purified by HPLC to give 42.8mg of compound 35 as a white solid in 30% total yield over the two steps.1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.39–8.31(m,1H),7.42–7.31(m,3H),7.20–7.14(m,1H),7.05(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.72(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.21(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.95–4.90(m,2H),4.35–4.19(m,3H),3.93–3.68(m,2H),3.64–3.48(m,1H),3.22–3.11(m,2H),1.97–1.81(m,5H),1.76–1.61(m,5H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ158.79,156.54,143.19,140.93,136.32,127.53,125.78,124.28,124.26,123.46,121.19,120.04,113.29,109.46,103.43,101.87,70.99,69.99,54.31,44.03,42.02,41.77,30.18,25.77,25.44,18.25.HRMS(ESI+):calculatedfor C26H37N6O3[M+H]+481.2927,found 481.2927。
Synthesis of Compound 36
According to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 8, starting from 7(52.7mg, 0.17mmol) and lutidine amine (0.5mL), compound 36 was prepared as a dark green oil (23.5mg, 27%).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.58–8.54(m,2H),8.16(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.61–7.54(m,2H),7.42–7.31(m,5H),7.16–7.07(m,3H),6.99(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.28–5.22(m,1H),4.86(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.43–4.35(m,1H),4.34–4.16(m,2H),4.13–3.96(m,4H),3.27–2.98(m,2H),1.94–1.89(m,3H),1.71–1.67(m,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ158.91(2×C),155.43,148.86(2×CH),141.85,139.57,136.93(2×CH),135.08,126.41(2×C),124.62,123.38(2×CH),123.16,122.35(2×CH),120.09,119.10,112.17,108.21,101.97,100.79,70.13,68.03,60.44,58.54,41.35,25.65,18.28.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C32H35N4O2[M+H]+507.2760,found 507.2761。
The above compounds were tested for activity:
the test method comprises the following steps:
antibacterial activity (most preferred)Low inhibitory concentration) assay
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination was determined by the two-fold broth dilution method, according to american Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The samples were first dissolved in DMSO/H2O to prepare a stock of samples of 1000. mu.g/mL (final DMSO concentration. ltoreq.2.5%). The stock was serially diluted with Muller Hinton Broth (MHB) medium. Bacteria were incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 hours on MHA plates and then the bacterial concentration was adjusted to about 106CFU/mL. The bacterial suspension (100 μ L) was mixed with two-fold serial dilutions of the sample (100 μ L) in a 96-well plate (final sample concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.56, 0.78, 0.39 μ g/mL). After incubation at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, the mixture was read for absorption wavelength at 600nm using a microplate reader. The lowest compound concentration at which no significant growth of bacteria was observed was the MIC value.
Determination of hemolytic Activity
Rabbit Red Blood Cells (RBCs) were centrifuged at 2500rpm for 3 minutes and washed twice with PBS, and then resuspended in PBS to make an 8% v/v suspension of RBCs. RBCs suspensions (100 μ L) were incubated with equal volumes of two-fold serial dilutions of the compound (100 μ L) for 1 hour at 37 ℃. The mixture was then centrifuged at 2500rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant (100 μ L) was transferred to a 96-well plate and read for absorbance at 576nm using a microplate reader. A2% Triton X-100 solution-treated group was used as a positive control, and a 0.5% DMSO-treated group was used as a negative control. Hemolytic activity was calculated by the following formula: hemolytic activity [ (% Abs)Sample (I)–AbsPositive control)/(AbsPositive control–AbsNegative control)]×100%。
Induced bacterial drug resistance test
The initial MIC of the compound against staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 was obtained according to the MIC determination method described above. Bacterial suspensions were then prepared using bacteria from wells at 0.5 × MIC for the next MIC value determination. The experiment was repeated daily for 21 days.
In vivo antimicrobial Activity assay
All animal experiments were approved by the laboratory animal center of southern China university of agriculture and were conducted according to the policy of the department of health. Female mice (6-8 weeks, average body weight 20 g) were used in this study. Mice were given peritoneal injections of cyclophosphamide (100mg/kg)3 times 5 days before infection to prepare mouse immunosuppressive models. After anesthetizing the mice, the cornea of the right eye of the mice was scarred with a sterile needle. Then 15. mu.L of the bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213) were dropped onto the injured cornea. These mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n ═ 5). Treatment was started one day after infection. The medicine is dropped once every two hours, four times a day, and the medicine is continuously administrated for three days. The third day after dosing, mice were sacrificed and the eyeballs were removed. Viable cell counts on the cornea were counted by standard plate (MHA plate) counting method.
Second, test results
2.1 results of in vitro antibacterial and hemolytic activities are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 antibacterial Activity of carbazole derivatives 1-35 against gram-positive bacteria and hemolytic Activity against Rabbit Red blood cells
TABLE 2 antibacterial Activity of carbazole derivative 36 in combination with Zinc ion (6.25. mu.g/mL) against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria
Wherein the MIC values of the compounds 29 and 36 to gram-positive bacteria are 0.78-3.125. mu.g/mL, both of which show very excellent antibacterial activity, and the MIC value of the compound 36 to 6.25. mu.g/mL of zinc ion combined with the compound also shows very excellent antibacterial activity to gram-negative bacteria is 3.13. mu.g/mL. Furthermore, both compounds show very low hemolytic toxicity to rabbit erythrocytes.
2.2 results of the induced bacterial drug resistance test
The greatest advantage of membrane active antibacterial drugs is that they have a very low probability of inducing resistance. To assess the propensity of compound 29 to induce development of bacterial resistance, the present inventors conducted a laboratory simulation study of resistance development on compound 29. As shown in fig. 1, the MIC value of compound 29 was constant over the 21 day test period, indicating that compound 29 was effective in avoiding the development of resistance to staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, after 10 passages of norfloxacin, the MIC increased 128-fold, indicating that norfloxacin was highly likely to induce the development of bacterial resistance. This result indicates that compound 29 is effective in slowing down or even overcoming the development of bacterial resistance.
2.3 evaluation results of antibacterial efficacy in animal bodies
In conclusion, through a series of structure optimization, the invention obtains a plurality of high-efficiency and low-toxicity antibacterial candidate compounds. Wherein the compound 29 has excellent antibacterial activity (MIC of 0.78-1.56 μ g/mL) against gram-positive bacteria, low toxicity to mammalian cells, and very low hemolytic activity (HC)50>200. mu.g/mL). The compound 29 can destroy the bacterial cell membrane to cause bacterial death, has quick bactericidal performance, and can effectively overcome the generation of bacterial drug resistance in the laboratory drug resistance simulation research. More importantly, compound 29 caused bacterial keratitis in mice in staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213Excellent in vivo antibacterial activity was also shown in the model.
In addition, compound 36 exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and very low hemolytic toxicity. Compared with the single application, the MIC value of the compound 36 and 6.25 mu g/mL of zinc ions for gram-positive bacteria is reduced by one time, the antibacterial activity for gram-negative bacteria is greatly enhanced, and the MIC value is reduced from more than 50 mu g/mL to 3.125 mu g/mL. The results indicate that compound 36, when used in combination with zinc ions, exhibits excellent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Carbazole compounds with the following structural general formula or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or stereoisomers thereof or solvates thereof or prodrug molecules thereof:
wherein R is1Selected from: at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 straight or branched chain alkyl, at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C8 straight or branched chain alkenyl;
Raeach independently selected from: H. halogen;
R2is a cationA group selected from: at least one RbSubstituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 cycloalkoxy, at least one RbA substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylamine;
Rbeach independently selected from: H. OH, carbonyl, C1-C15 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C15 linear or branched alkyl alcohol, C1-C15 linear or branched alkylmercapto, C1-C10 alkylamine, C5-C10 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, C1-C5 aminoiminoalkyl, or a combination of the foregoing, which, when each two of the foregoing groups are attached to the same carbon atom, are linked to each other to form a ring or not.
3. The carbazole-based compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is R, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a solvate thereof, or a prodrug molecule thereofbEach independently selected from: H. OH, carbonyl, C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl alcohol, C1-C5 linear or branched alkylmercapto, C2-C6 alkylamine, C5-C8 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, C1-C2 aminoiminoalkyl, or a combination of the foregoing, which, when each two of the foregoing groups are attached to the same carbon atom, are linked to each other to form a ring or not.
4. The carbazole-based compound according to claim 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug molecule thereof, wherein the C5-C8 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group has the following structure:
wherein w is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and V is independently at each occurrence C or N.
5. The carbazole-based compound according to claim 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug molecule thereof, wherein the C5-C8 nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group has the following structure:
wherein w is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and V is independently at each occurrence C or N.
6. The carbazole-based compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is R, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a solvate thereof, or a prodrug molecule thereof1Selected from: at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 straight chain alkyl, at least one RaSubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 branched alkenyl.
8. the process for preparing carbazole-based compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the carbazole-based compounds are prepared according to one of the following schemes (I) to (III):
scheme (I):
scheme (II):
scheme (III):
9. Use of a carbazole-based compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug molecule thereof, for the preparation of a medicament having antibacterial efficacy.
10. Use of a composition of a carbazole-based compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug molecule thereof, and zinc ion for the preparation of a medicament having antibacterial efficacy.
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