CN111162767B - Switch control method and device for inductive load - Google Patents

Switch control method and device for inductive load Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111162767B
CN111162767B CN202010003111.3A CN202010003111A CN111162767B CN 111162767 B CN111162767 B CN 111162767B CN 202010003111 A CN202010003111 A CN 202010003111A CN 111162767 B CN111162767 B CN 111162767B
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inductive load
control signal
power supply
pulse control
supply end
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CN111162767A (en
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请求不公布姓名
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Ningbo Tuobang Intelligent Control Co ltd
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Ningbo Tuobang Intelligent Control Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT

Abstract

The invention relates to a switch control method and a device of an inductive load, wherein the method comprises the steps of connecting a power supply end with the inductive load to control the opening of the inductive load, and disconnecting the power supply end with the inductive load to control the closing of the inductive load; after the power supply end and the inductive load are disconnected, the connection between the inductive load and the power supply end is controlled through a first pulse control signal. For a traditional inductive load circuit, the current drops suddenly at the moment of load disconnection, and the current changes drastically, so that reverse charging is caused. For the switch control method of the invention, at the moment of switching off the load, the load continuously provides a first pulse control signal, the impact effect is weakened under the action of voltage pulse, the load gradually changes in the process, and the corresponding current slowly changes, so that the reverse charging effect is weakened, and the flexible smooth closing of the inductive load is realized.

Description

Switch control method and device for inductive load
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electronic technologies, and in particular, to a method for controlling a switch of an inductive load and a power supply.
Background
For a traditional inductive load circuit, such as a circuit comprising an inductive load such as an electromagnetic valve, a relay, a motor and the like, when the circuit is turned off, the inductor generates great reverse electromotive force, referring to a Vcc voltage curve of the traditional inductive load circuit shown in fig. 1, the current is suddenly reduced due to the disconnection of the load, and the discharge is ignited and the fire is caused when no follow current loop exists; when the freewheeling circuit exists, the energy of the inductor is discharged to cause the voltage of the power supply at the front end of reverse charging to rise, and the power supply circuit, the switching device and other accessory circuits are damaged. Similarly, when the load is turned on, the working voltage at the front end can be instantaneously pulled down due to the fact that larger current is needed by the inductor, and accordingly poor reset of the singlechip is easily caused.
The problem of reverse charging at the moment of load disconnection is currently generally solved by using an additional discharge circuit, but if an additional discharge circuit is used, the energy consumption of the system will be consumed. The problem of instantaneous low working voltage at the moment of load connection is generally solved by adopting a front-end driving circuit at present, however, the front-end driving circuit needs to be added with a plurality of large energy storage capacitors, which leads to increased space and increased cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of reverse charging of an inductive load circuit at the moment of load disconnection, and provides a switch control method and device of the inductive load.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a switch control method of an inductive load is constructed, a power supply end is connected with the inductive load to control the opening of the inductive load, and the power supply end is disconnected with the inductive load to control the closing of the inductive load; after the power supply end and the inductive load are disconnected, the connection between the inductive load and the power supply end is controlled through a first pulse control signal.
Preferably, the voltage of the power supply terminal is detected in real time when the power supply terminal is disconnected, and if the voltage of the power supply terminal exceeds a preset threshold value, a first pulse control signal is provided for the inductive load until the voltage of the power supply terminal is lower than the preset threshold value.
Preferably, the frequency of the first pulse control signal is a fixed value between 5KHz and 200KHz during the duration of the first pulse control signal, and the duty cycle is gradually reduced in the range of 100% -5%.
Preferably, the frequency of the first pulse control signal is gradually reduced from high to low in the range of 200 KHz-5 KHz during the duration of the first pulse control signal, and the duty cycle is gradually reduced in the range of 100% -5%.
Preferably, the first pulse control signal includes a plurality of control periods during which the frequency of the first pulse control signal is gradually reduced from high to low in the range of 200KHz to 5KHz, and the duty ratio is a fixed value in the range of 5% to 100%.
Preferably, the switching control method comprises providing a second pulse control signal to the inductive load prior to switching on the supply terminal.
Preferably, the frequency of the second pulse control signal is a fixed value between 5KHz and 200KHz or the frequency of the second pulse control signal is gradually increased from low to high in the range of 5KHz to 200KHz during the duration of the second pulse control signal; the duty cycle is gradually increased in the range of 5% to 100%.
Preferably, the second pulse control signal includes a plurality of control periods, and in each control period, the frequency of the second pulse control signal is a fixed value between 5KHz and 200KHz, and the duty ratio is gradually increased within a range of 5% -100%.
Preferably, the inductive load comprises at least one of a solenoid valve, a relay and a motor.
The invention also relates to a switch control device of the inductive load, which comprises a control module connected with a switching device of the inductive load, wherein the control module is used for controlling the on-off of the inductive load by inputting a control signal to the switching device to connect a power supply end with the inductive load or disconnect the power supply end from the inductive load; and after the input of the control signal is disconnected, a first pulse control signal is input to the switching device to control the connection of the inductive load and the power supply end.
Preferably, the control module provides a second pulse control signal to the inductive load before the power supply end is connected, and the connection between the power supply end and the inductive load is controlled through the second pulse control signal.
For a traditional inductive load circuit, the current drops suddenly at the moment of load disconnection, and the current changes drastically, so that reverse charging is caused. For the switch control method of the invention, at the moment of switching off the load, the load continuously provides a first pulse control signal, the impact effect is weakened under the action of voltage pulse, the load gradually changes in the process, and the corresponding current slowly changes, thereby weakening the reverse charging effect and realizing the flexible and smooth closing of the inductive load.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Vcc voltage curve of a prior art inductive load circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage curve provided by a switch control method to a power supply terminal according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current profile of the inductive load of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current profile of the inductive load of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of Vcc voltage of an inductive load when the first pulse control signal of FIG. 2 includes 1 waveform;
FIG. 6 is a graph of Vcc voltage of an inductive load when the first pulse control signal of FIG. 2 includes multiple waveforms;
fig. 7A is a circuit configuration diagram of a specific circuit according to the first embodiment;
fig. 7B is a circuit configuration diagram of still another specific circuit according to the first embodiment;
fig. 7C is a circuit configuration diagram of still another specific circuit according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a voltage curve provided by the switch control method of FIG. 7A to the power supply terminal;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a voltage curve provided by a switch control method for a power supply terminal according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the current profile of the inductive load of FIG. 9;
fig. 11 is a graph of Vcc voltage for the inductive load of fig. 9.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "longitudinal", "transverse", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "head", "tail", etc. are configured and operated in specific directions based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have specific directions, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
A switching control method of an inductive load according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes turning on a power supply terminal to control turning on of the inductive load, and turning off the power supply terminal to control turning off of the inductive load; wherein the first pulse control signal is provided to the inductive load when the power supply terminal is disconnected.
Referring to fig. 2, in a specific embodiment, t1 is a load off time, t2 is a load on time, t3 is a load off time, and when the load is off, that is, from t3, a first pulse control signal 100 is provided to the inductive load, where the first pulse control signal 100 may include 1 waveform, may include multiple waveforms, and the frequency and the duty cycle of the first pulse control signal may be adjustable.
Specifically, the switch control method controls the connection between the power supply end and the inductive load, namely, the connection between the power supply end and the inductive load is turned on by inputting a control signal (such as a connection control signal) to control the turning-on of the inductive load, and the connection between the power supply end and the inductive load is turned off by inputting a control signal (such as a disconnection control signal) to control the turning-off of the inductive load. After the off control signal is input, a first pulse control signal 100 is input, wherein the first pulse control signal 100 is different from the above-mentioned on control signal and off control signal, and after the first pulse control signal 100 is input, the inductive load is not completely switched on any more to realize full load operation or continuously switched off to realize complete power supply stop operation, but is switched on and off under the action of the pulse control signal, so that the non-full load operation of the inductive load is realized. In general, the first pulse control signal 100 is input as an input signal to a control switching device of the inductive load circuit, for example, a transistor, a MOS transistor, an IGBT, or the like, so that the switching on and off of the inductive load can be controlled by the first pulse control signal 100.
Referring to fig. 3, for a conventional inductive load circuit, at the moment of load disconnection, i.e., from time t2 to time t3, the current a drops steeply, and a drastic change occurs, resulting in reverse charging. Referring to fig. 4, for the switching control method of the present invention, at the moment of switching off the load, i.e. from time t2 to time t3, the load continues to provide the first pulse control signal 100, the impact effect is reduced under the action of the voltage pulse, during which the load gradually changes, and the current a at time t3 correspondingly slowly decreases, so that the reverse charging effect is reduced. In contrast to fig. 1, referring to fig. 5, in the Vcc voltage curve of the load circuit according to the present invention, the operating voltage of the front-end device at the turn-off time is significantly reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of weakening the reverse charging effect.
In the embodiment shown above, in the case that the first pulse control signal 100 includes 1 waveform, when the first pulse control signal 100 includes a plurality of continuous waveforms, the first pulse control signal 100 controls the load to be turned off and on for a plurality of times, and the turn-off under each pulse can play a role of weakening the voltage, so that the load is finally turned off completely due to the gradual weakening formed by the plurality of turn-off.
Fig. 7A shows a circuit diagram of a specific inductive load circuit, which is in an H-bridge control mode, and when the circuit load is turned off, i.e. the load interruption time T3 controlled by the first pulse control signal 100 is entered, referring to fig. 8, after the load is turned on, the current passing through the coil L1 reaches a constant value, the switching tube which is turned on originally is turned off, and the induced electromotive force of the load coil at T1' is released to the power supply through the freewheeling diode of the switching tube, so that the power supply voltage rises; when the voltage rises to a set value, an original on switch tube is started at T2', at the moment, the power supply voltage is reduced, the time for starting the T2' is short, the electromagnetic valve is not enough to enter a working state, the current of a load coil is reduced, T3 'and T4', and the like, and after n cycles, the energy of the coil is released step by step.
Fig. 7B shows a circuit diagram of a specific inductive load circuit, which is in a single-tube on leakage current control mode, PA is a pulse signal input terminal, and VCC is a voltage test point. When the circuit load is disconnected, namely, the load interruption time T3 controlled by the first pulse control signal 100 is entered, referring to fig. 7B, after the current passing through the coil L1 reaches a constant value at the load connection time, the switching tube which is originally connected is turned off, and the induced electromotive force of the load coil is released to the power supply through the freewheeling diode of the switching tube at the time of T1', so that the power supply voltage rises; when the voltage rises to a set value, an original on switch tube is started at T2', at the moment, the power supply voltage is reduced, the time for starting the T2' is short, the electromagnetic valve is not enough to enter a working state, the current of a load coil is reduced, T3 'and T4', and the like, and after n cycles, the energy of the coil is released step by step.
Fig. 7C shows a circuit diagram of a specific inductive load circuit, which is in a single-tube current-sink control mode, PB is a pulse signal input terminal, and VCC is a voltage test point. When the circuit load is disconnected, namely, the load interruption time T3 controlled by the first pulse control signal 100 is entered, referring to fig. 7C, after the current passing through the coil L1 reaches a constant value at the load connection time, the switching tube which is originally turned on is turned off, and the induced electromotive force of the load coil is released to the power supply through the freewheeling diode of the switching tube at the time of T1', so that the power supply voltage rises; when the voltage rises to a set value, an original on switch tube is started at T2', at the moment, the power supply voltage is reduced, the time for starting the T2' is short, the electromagnetic valve is not enough to enter a working state, the current of a load coil is reduced, T3 'and T4', and the like, and after n cycles, the energy of the coil is released step by step.
Compared with the first embodiment, the method for controlling the switch of the inductive load according to the second embodiment of the present invention starts to detect the voltage of the power supply terminal in real time when the power supply terminal is disconnected, and if the voltage of the power supply terminal exceeds the preset threshold, the first pulse control signal is provided to the inductive load until the voltage of the power supply terminal is lower than the preset threshold. By detecting the voltage in real time, the signal after the load is turned off by using the estimated first pulse control signal 100 can be avoided, the efficiency of turn-off control is improved, i.e. the signal control can be stopped once the voltage is detected to be within the preset threshold range.
In the switching control method of an inductive load according to the third embodiment of the present invention, based on the first embodiment or the second embodiment, a suitable first pulse control signal 100 may be selected, for example, a suitable duty cycle and frequency may be selected to achieve an optimal control effect.
In a specific implementation of this embodiment, during the duration of the first pulse control signal 100, the frequency of the first pulse control signal is a fixed value between 5KHz and 200KHz, and the duty cycle is gradually reduced within the range of 100% -5%. For example, the frequency of the first pulse control signal may be 5KHz, 50KHz, 100KHz, 160KHz, 200KHz, etc.; the duty cycle may be gradually reduced from 100% to 5% or from 80% to 20%, and a person skilled in the art selects a suitable frequency and duty cycle combination according to the actual circuit structure, which will not be described in detail herein.
In another specific implementation of this embodiment, during the duration of the first pulse control signal, the frequency of the first pulse control signal gradually decreases from high to low in the range of 200KHz to 5KHz, and the duty cycle gradually decreases in the range of 100% to 5%. For example, the frequency of the first pulse control signal may be gradually reduced from 200KHz to 5KHz or from 160KHz to 50KHz; the duty cycle may be gradually reduced from 100% to 5% or from 80% to 20%, and a person skilled in the art selects a suitable frequency and duty cycle combination according to the actual circuit structure, which will not be described in detail herein.
In yet another specific implementation of this embodiment, the first pulse control signal includes a plurality of control periods during which the frequency of the first pulse control signal gradually decreases from high to low in the range of 200KHz to 5KHz, with a fixed value in the range of 5% to 100% duty cycle. For example, the frequency of the first pulse control signal may be gradually reduced from 200KHz to 5KHz in each control period, and the duty cycle is 60%, and a person skilled in the art selects a suitable combination of frequency and duty cycle according to the actual circuit structure, which is not described in detail herein.
After the inductive load circuit is turned off, the first pulse control signal 100 is provided for control, so that dynamic power load switching is realized, and flexible and gentle turn-off of the inductive load is realized. The smaller the duty ratio is, the smaller the load is, and as the duty ratio is gradually reduced, the smooth transition of the load is realized until the circuit is completely turned off. The first pulse control signal 100 is selected to have a suitable pulse frequency, and the higher the pulse frequency, the more stable the power characteristics, but the larger the loss of the switching transistors (MOS, triode, IGBT) at the same time, so that the suitable switching frequency is selected to meet the system control requirement. Various commonly used control models such as exponential change, logarithmic change, cosine function change and the like can be edited to optimize the EMC performance of the system.
On the basis of any one of the above embodiments, the switching control method of an inductive load according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes providing a second pulse control signal to the inductive load before the power supply terminal is turned on. The second pulse control signal may include 1 waveform or multiple waveforms, and the frequency and the duty ratio of the second pulse control signal may be adjusted simultaneously.
Still referring to fig. 1, at the moment of load on, the working voltage at the front end is instantaneously pulled down due to the large current required by the inductor, so that the poor reset of the singlechip is easily caused. Referring to fig. 9, in a specific embodiment, t1 is a load off time, t2 is a load on time, t3 is a load off time, and before the load on time t2, that is, starting from t1, a second pulse control signal 200 is provided to the inductive load, where the second pulse control signal 200 may include 1 waveform, or may include multiple waveforms, and the frequency and the duty cycle of the second pulse control signal may be all adjustable.
Referring to fig. 10, for the switching control method of the present invention, before the load is turned on, i.e., from time t1 to time t2, the load provides the second pulse control signal 200 in advance, and the impact effect is weakened under the action of the voltage pulse, during which the load gradually changes, and the current A1 at time t1 increases more slowly than the current A0 at time t1, thereby weakening the effect of the instantaneous pull-down of the front end operating voltage. Referring to fig. 11, referring to fig. 1, in the Vcc voltage curve of the load circuit according to the present invention, the working voltage at the front end of the load on is changed more smoothly, and is not pulled down instantaneously.
In a specific implementation of this embodiment, during the duration of the second pulse control signal 200, the frequency of the second pulse control signal 200 is a fixed value between 5KHz and 200KHz or the frequency of the second pulse control signal gradually increases from low to high in the range of 5KHz to 200 KHz; the duty cycle is gradually increased in the range of 5% to 100%. For example, the second pulse control signal 200 may be gradually increased from 20KHz to 120KHz, and the duty cycle may be gradually increased from 5% to 100%, thereby ending at full load. Those skilled in the art select appropriate frequency and duty cycle combinations according to the actual circuit configuration, and will not be described in detail herein.
In yet another specific implementation of this embodiment, the second pulse control signal includes a plurality of control periods, and in each control period, the frequency of the second pulse control signal is a fixed value between 5KHz and 200KHz, and the duty cycle is gradually increased in a range of 5% -100%. For example, the frequency of the second pulse control signal 200 may take a fixed value of 160KHz and the duty cycle may be gradually increased from 5% to 100% to a final full load. Those skilled in the art select appropriate frequency and duty cycle combinations according to the actual circuit configuration, and will not be described in detail herein.
The second pulse control signal 200 is provided for control before the inductive load circuit is switched on, so that dynamic power load switching is realized, and flexible and gentle switching on of the inductive load is realized. The smaller the duty ratio is, the smaller the load is, and as the duty ratio is gradually increased, the smooth transition of the load opening is realized until the circuit is completely switched on. The second pulse control signal 200 is selected to have a suitable pulse frequency, and the higher the pulse frequency, the more stable the power characteristics, but the larger the loss of the switching transistors (MOS, triode, IGBT) at the same time, so that the suitable switching frequency is selected to meet the system control requirement. Various commonly used control models such as exponential change, logarithmic change, cosine function change and the like can be edited to optimize the EMC performance of the system.
The inductive load comprises at least one of a solenoid valve, a relay and a motor.
The invention also relates to a switch control device of the inductive load, which can realize the switch control method of any embodiment. The switch control device comprises a control module connected with a switching device of the inductive load, wherein the control module is used for controlling the opening of the inductive load by inputting a control signal to the switching device to connect a power supply end with the inductive load or controlling the closing of the inductive load by disconnecting the power supply end from the inductive load; wherein, the first pulse control signal is input to the switching device after the input of the control signal is disconnected to control the connection of the inductive load and the power supply terminal. Of course, the control module may also provide a second pulse control signal before turning on the working voltage, and control the connection between the power supply terminal and the inductive load through the second pulse control signal, so as to implement the switch control method described in any embodiment.
It is to be understood that the above examples only represent preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention; therefore, all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Claims (10)

1. A method of switching control of an inductive load, comprising: connecting a power supply end with an inductive load to control the opening of the inductive load, and disconnecting the power supply end from the inductive load to control the closing of the inductive load; after the power supply end and the inductive load are disconnected, the power supply end and the inductive load are input into a switching device of the inductive load through a first pulse control signal so as to control the connection of the inductive load and the power supply end; the first pulse control signal comprises a plurality of waveforms for controlling the inductive load to turn off and on for a plurality of times to weaken the reverse charging effect step by step; and after the connection between the power supply end and the inductive load is disconnected, starting to detect the voltage of the power supply end in real time, and if the voltage of the power supply end exceeds a preset threshold value, inputting a first pulse control signal into the inductive load until the voltage of the power supply end is lower than the preset threshold value.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the first pulse control signal is a fixed value ranging from 5khz to 200khz, and the duty ratio is gradually reduced within a range of 100% -5% during the duration of the first pulse control signal.
3. The switching control method of an inductive load according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the first pulse control signal gradually decreases from high to low in a range of 200khz to 5khz and the duty ratio gradually decreases in a range of 100% -5% during the duration of the first pulse control signal.
4. The switching control method of an inductive load according to claim 1, wherein the first pulse control signal includes a plurality of control periods during the duration of the first pulse control signal, and the frequency of the first pulse control signal is gradually reduced from high to low in a range of 200khz to 5khz and a duty ratio is a fixed value in a range of 5% -100% in each of the control periods.
5. The switching control method of an inductive load according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching control method comprises providing a second pulse control signal to the inductive load before switching on the supply terminal, by means of which the connection of the supply terminal to the inductive load is controlled.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the frequency of the second pulse control signal is a fixed value ranging from 5khz to 200khz or the frequency of the second pulse control signal is gradually increased from low to high in a range of 5khz to 200khz during the duration of the second pulse control signal; the duty ratio is gradually increased in the range of 5% -100%.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the second pulse control signal includes a plurality of control periods, and the frequency of the second pulse control signal is a fixed value between 5khz and 200khz in each control period, and the duty ratio is gradually increased in a range of 5% -100%.
8. The switching control method of an inductive load according to claim 1, wherein said inductive load comprises at least one of a solenoid valve, a relay, and a motor.
9. A switch control device of an inductive load, characterized by comprising a control module connected with a switching device of the inductive load, wherein the control module is used for controlling the on-off of the inductive load by inputting a control signal to the switching device to switch on the connection of a power supply end and the inductive load or to switch off the connection of the power supply end and the inductive load; after the input of the control signal is disconnected, a first pulse control signal is input to the switching device to control the connection between the inductive load and the power supply end; the first pulse control signal comprises a plurality of waveforms for controlling the inductive load to turn off and on for a plurality of times to weaken the reverse charging effect step by step; and after the connection between the power supply end and the inductive load is disconnected, starting to detect the voltage of the power supply end in real time, and if the voltage of the power supply end exceeds a preset threshold value, inputting a first pulse control signal into the inductive load until the voltage of the power supply end is lower than the preset threshold value.
10. The switching control device of an inductive load according to claim 9, wherein said control module provides a second pulse control signal to said inductive load prior to switching on said supply terminal, and wherein said connection of said supply terminal to said inductive load is controlled by said second pulse control signal.
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