CN111162439B - Mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency - Google Patents
Mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN111162439B CN111162439B CN201911315281.9A CN201911315281A CN111162439B CN 111162439 B CN111162439 B CN 111162439B CN 201911315281 A CN201911315281 A CN 201911315281A CN 111162439 B CN111162439 B CN 111162439B
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1022—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping
- H01S3/1024—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping for pulse generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
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Abstract
A mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency comprises a first subsystem, a beam splitter M3, a second subsystem, a third subsystem, a reflector group and a coupling mirror M8, wherein the first subsystem works at a wavelength far away from a degenerate point and is used for reducing output bandwidth, obtained signal light S1 and idler frequency light S1 are respectively and correspondingly pumped to the second subsystem and the third subsystem through the beam splitter M3, the second subsystem and the third subsystem are coupled with each other in an inward direction through the reflector group, and output light beams sequentially pass through the beam splitter M3 and the coupling mirror M8 to be output as an oscillator; the first subsystem, the second subsystem and the third subsystem each include a nonlinear crystal. The invention utilizes the first subsystem to generate near infrared laser, works at a wavelength far away from a degenerate point to reduce the output bandwidth, and correspondingly pumps the obtained signal light S1 and idler frequency light I1 into nonlinear crystals of the second subsystem and the third subsystem respectively, so that the oscillation of the nonlinear crystals is mutually coupled and amplified by wavelength matching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of parametric oscillators, in particular to a mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency.
Background
Mid-infrared band laser has important application in the fields of biomedicine, spectroscopy, atmospheric sounding, photoelectric countermeasure and the like, and an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) is an important means for generating mid-infrared and far-infrared laser output. The optical parametric oscillator can convert the pump light into two beams of light with different wavelengths, wherein the shorter wavelength is generally called signal light, and the longer wavelength is generally called idler light.
The idler frequency light in the optical parametric conversion is a main mode for obtaining medium-long wave infrared output by the OPO, but the long-wave idler frequency light output has large quantum deficiency, and the longer the idler frequency light I wavelength is, the larger the quantum deficiency is, so that the lower the conversion efficiency from the pump light to the long-wave output is. In the application of the actual mid-infrared laser, the idler frequency light with long wave is often the interested wave band.
To obtain a high efficiency long wave output, there are generally two methods: firstly, a 2-3 mu m wave band solid laser is adopted as a pumping source, secondly, a mature 1 mu m wave band laser is adopted to pump a first-stage OPO, the parameter conversion is utilized to obtain the near infrared laser output of 2-3 mu m wave band, and then a second-stage OPO is pumped to realize the long wave laser tuning output. However, in the first method, the high-energy/power 2-3 μm band solid laser has high threshold, serious thermal effect, low repetition frequency of the laser and immature technology; in the second method, a commercial 1 μm band laser cannot directly pump mature mid-infrared crystals such as Zinc Germanium Phosphide (ZGP), silver gallium selenide (AGSe), cadmium selenide (CdSe) and the like due to the restriction of two-photon absorption or phase matching conditions and the like, and two-stage external cavity type OPO cascade is usually adopted, the crystals are pumped by using the signal light of the first stage, and the idler frequency light of the crystals is used for obtaining mid-long wave infrared output. However, such a conventional cascaded pump has low conversion efficiency, and the two separate stages of OPOs also reduce the stability and reliability of the system. Therefore, the development of the medium-long wave infrared OPO cavity structure design with high efficiency and high beam quality has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the beam quality of the parametric light and the system conversion efficiency, the invention provides the mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency comprises a first subsystem, a beam splitter M3, a second subsystem, a third subsystem, a reflector group and a coupling mirror M8, wherein the first subsystem works at a wavelength far away from a degenerate point and is used for reducing output bandwidth, obtained signal light S1 and idler frequency light I1 are respectively and correspondingly pumped to the second subsystem and the third subsystem through the beam splitter M3, the second subsystem and the third subsystem are coupled with each other in an inward direction through the reflector group, and output light beams sequentially pass through the beam splitter M3 and the coupling mirror M8 to be output as an oscillator; the first subsystem, the second subsystem and the third subsystem each include a nonlinear crystal.
Defining a first subsystem, wherein the first subsystem comprises an input mirror M1, a nonlinear crystal NLC-1 and a spectroscope M2 which are arranged in sequence; the input mirror M1 is highly transmissive to the input pump light and reflective to the light reflected to the input mirror M1 by the nonlinear crystal NLC-1; the nonlinear crystal NLC-1 converts the pump light into the signal light S1 and the idler frequency light I1, the beam splitter M2 is highly reflective to the pump light, and the signal light S1 and the idler frequency light I1 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-1 are highly transmissive.
And the second subsystem is defined to comprise a nonlinear crystal NLC-2 and a beam splitter M4 which are sequentially arranged, the signal light S1 passes through the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 to generate a signal light S2 and an idler frequency light I2, and the beam splitter M4 is used for highly reflecting the signal light S1 of the pumping nonlinear crystal NLC-2 to form a two-way pump and highly transmitting the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2.
Further defining the second subsystem, the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 is type I phase matched.
Defining a third subsystem, wherein the third subsystem comprises a dichroic half-wave plate M7 and a nonlinear crystal NLC-3 which are sequentially arranged, the working wavelength of the dichroic half-wave plate M7 is two wavelengths of an idler I1 and an idler I2, and the polarization direction is rotated by 90 degrees after passing through an idler I2 and an idler I3 of the dichroic half-wave plate M7; the idler frequency light passes through the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 to generate a signal light S3 and an idler frequency light I3, the beam splitter M6 and the reflector M5 are arranged, the reflector M6 is highly transmissive to the signal light S3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3, the idler frequency light I3 is highly reflective, and the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 are highly reflective.
And further limiting the third subsystem, wherein the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 is II-type phase matching, the cutting angle meets the three-wave phase matching condition, and the main plane is perpendicular to the plane of the resonant cavity.
Defining a mirror group comprising a mirror M5 and a mirror M6, the mirror M5 receiving the output beam of the beam splitter M4, the mirror M6 receiving the beam output by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3; the reflector M5 reflects the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 and the idler frequency light I3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 highly, the reflector M6 transmits the signal light S3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 highly, reflects the idler frequency light I3 highly and reflects the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 highly.
The definition of a beam splitter M3, wherein the beam splitter M3 has high reflection to the signal light S1 and high transmission to the idler frequency light I1; the signal light S2 is high in transmission, the p-polarized idler light I2 is high in transmission, and the S-polarized idler light I3 is high in reflection, wherein the idler light I1 is the same as the signal light S2, and the idler light I2 is the same as the idler light I3.
Particularly, the system further comprises a pump source laser arranged at the front end of the first subsystem, wherein the pump source laser adopts a pulse or continuous working mode.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention adopts a mature commercial laser with the wavelength of 1 mu m as a pumping source, utilizes a first subsystem to generate near-infrared laser, works at a wavelength far away from a degeneracy point to reduce the output bandwidth, respectively and correspondingly pumps the obtained signal light S1 and idler frequency light I1 into nonlinear crystals of a second subsystem and a third subsystem, and mutually couples and enhances the amplification of the oscillation through wavelength matching.
(2) The invention includes 3 subsystems, through configuring the propagation and oscillation of different wavelength light beams of each subsystem, the second subsystem and the third subsystem generate idle frequency light with the same wavelength, so that the mutual coupling of the idle frequency light in the cavity is enhanced; and the wavelength of the signal light generated by the second subsystem is the same as that of the idler frequency light I1, and the signal light is utilized to pump the third subsystem again, so that the pump light of the third subsystem is enhanced and continues to pump to generate long-wave idler frequency light for output. The system enables 1 pumping photon with the wavelength of 1 mu m to generate 3 idler photons output by long wave through designed cascade conversion, the photon quantum efficiency reaches 300 percent, which is 3 times of the traditional cascade pumping quantum efficiency, namely, after a pumping photon with the wavelength of 1 mu m generates two photons through a first subsystem, a second subsystem and a third subsystem are respectively pumped to generate an idler photon with the same frequency, signal light generated by the second subsystem is pumped to the third subsystem again to generate an idler photon with the same frequency, namely, one pumping photon with the wavelength of 1 mu m generates 3 idler photons with the same wavelength, and the quantum efficiency of 300 percent can be realized theoretically.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a high-conversion-efficiency mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator includes a pump source laser, a first subsystem, a beam splitter M3, a second subsystem, a third subsystem, a mirror group, and a coupling mirror M8.
And the pump source laser is arranged at the front end of the first subsystem and adopts a pulse or continuous working mode. The first subsystem works at a wavelength farther from a degenerate point and is used for reducing output bandwidth, the obtained signal light S1 and idler light S1 are correspondingly pumped to the second subsystem and the third subsystem through a beam splitter M3 respectively, the signal light S1 is pumped to the second subsystem to generate signal light S2 and idler light I2, and the idler light I1 is pumped to the third subsystem to generate signal light S3 and idler light I3. The second subsystem and the third subsystem are coupled with each other through the reflector group, and output light beams sequentially pass through the beam splitter M3 and the coupling mirror M8 to be output as an oscillator; the first subsystem, the second subsystem and the third subsystem each include a nonlinear crystal. The system enables 1 pump photon with the wavelength of 1 mu m to generate 3 idler photons with long-wave output through designed cascade conversion, and the photon quantum efficiency reaches 300 percent, which is 3 times of the traditional cascade pump quantum efficiency.
Specifically, the first subsystem comprises an input mirror M1, a nonlinear crystal NLC-1 and a spectroscope M2 which are arranged in sequence; the second subsystem comprises a nonlinear crystal NLC-2 and a spectroscope M4 which are arranged in sequence; the third subsystem comprises a bicolor half-wave plate M7 and a nonlinear crystal NLC-3 which are sequentially arranged; the mirror group includes mirror M5 and mirror M6. Each portion is described in detail below.
First subsystem
The input mirror M1 in the first subsystem is highly transmissive to the input pump light and reflects the light reflected to input mirror M1 through nonlinear crystal NLC-1.
The input mirror M1 is a dielectric film mirror, and has high transmission to the pump light and high reflection to the 1.5-3 μ M wave band light.
The nonlinear crystal NLC-1 converts pump light into signal light S1 and idler light I1, the nonlinear crystal NLC-1 can adopt a periodically polarized crystal, such as magnesium-doped periodically polarized lithium niobate (PPMgLN), periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP), Periodically Polarized Lithium Tantalate (PPLT) and the like, and a non-periodically polarized crystal, such as potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), barium metaborate (BBO), Lithium Niobate (LN) and the like, can generate a nonlinear crystal with a wave band of 1-3 mu m.
The beam splitter M2 is highly reflective to the pump light and highly transmissive to the signal light S1 and the idler frequency light I1 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-1. In this protocol, high reflectance to 1 μm and high transmittance to 1.5-3 μm. The pump light with the high reflection of 1 mu M is reflected by a beam splitter M2 behind the nonlinear crystal NLC-1 to return to the nonlinear crystal NLC-1 again, so that the pump light pumps PPMgLN twice to reduce the threshold, reduce the reverse conversion and improve the conversion efficiency.
Beam splitter M3
The 45-degree beam splitter M3 has high reflection on the signal light S1 and high transmission on the idler frequency light I1; the signal light S2 is high in transmission, the p-polarized idler light I2 is high in transmission, and the S-polarized idler light I3 is high in reflection, wherein the idler light I1 is the same as the signal light S2, and the idler light I2 is the same as the idler light I3. Namely, the light with the wavelength ranging from 1.5 to 2.1 μm is highly reflective, the light with the wavelength ranging from 2.1 to 3 μm is highly transmissive, the long-wave idler light with p polarization is highly transmissive, and the long-wave idler light with s polarization is highly reflective.
The second subsystem
The signal light S1 generates a signal light S2 and an idler frequency light I2 after passing through the nonlinear crystal NLC-2, and the beam splitter M4 is used for highly reflecting the signal light S1 of the pumping nonlinear crystal NLC-2 to form double-pass pumping and highly transmitting the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2. The nonlinear crystal NLC-2 is in I-type phase matching.
The nonlinear crystal NLC-2 can adopt nonlinear crystals of mid-infrared wave bands such as phosphorus germanium Zinc (ZGP), selenium gallium silver (AGSe), cadmium selenide (CdSe) and the like, the cutting angle of the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 meets a three-wave phase matching condition, and the corresponding phase matching angle can be calculated according to specific wavelength.
Third sub-system
The working wavelength of the two-color half-wave plate M7 is two wavelengths of idler light I1 and idler light I2, and the polarization direction of the two-color half-wave plate M7 rotates 90 degrees after passing through the idler light I2 and the idler light I3; the idler frequency light passes through the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 to generate a signal light S3 and an idler frequency light I3, the beam splitter M6 and the reflector M5 are arranged, the reflector M6 is highly transmissive to the signal light S3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3, the idler frequency light I3 is highly reflective, and the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 are highly reflective.
The working wavelength of the two-color half-wave plate M7 is two wavelengths of idler light I1 and idler light I2;
the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 is II type phase matching, the cutting angle meets the three-wave phase matching condition, and the main plane is perpendicular to the plane of the resonant cavity.
Reflector group
The mirror M5 receives the output light beam of the beam splitter M4, and the mirror M6 receives the light beam output by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3; the reflector M5 reflects the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 and the idler frequency light I3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 highly, the reflector M6 transmits the signal light S3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 highly, reflects the idler frequency light I3 highly and reflects the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 highly.
S1 generated by the first-stage subsystem is reflected by a beam splitter M3 and pumped into a nonlinear crystal NLC-2 based on I-type phase matching, signal light S2(p polarization and wavelength relation satisfying S2-I1) and idler light I2(p polarization and wavelength relation satisfying I2-I3) are generated, the idler light I1 is pumped into a nonlinear crystal NLC-3 based on II-type phase matching through a beam splitter M3 to generate signal light S3 and idler light I3 (I3-I2), and the cutting angle of the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 satisfies a three-wave phase matching condition. The beam splitter M4 is highly reflective to the signal light S2 and highly transparent to the signal light S3 and the idler light I3, so that the signal light S2 returns to re-pump the nonlinear crystal NLC-2, the threshold of the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 is reduced, and the conversion efficiency is improved. The mirror M5 is highly reflective to the signal light S2 and the idler light I2, and the mirror M6 is highly transmissive to the signal light S3 and highly reflective to the signal light S2, the idler light I2 and the idler light I3. The reflector group is used as a reflector with an inner cavity structure to enable idler light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 to enter the nonlinear crystal NLC-3, and idler light I3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 to enter the nonlinear crystal NLC-2, so that the idler light I2 and the idler light I3 are mutually coupled and amplified, and the energy utilization rate is improved. The dual-wavelength half-wave plate M7 at the front end of the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 is used for rotating the polarization of the idler I1 to achieve the required phase matching, rotating the polarizations of the idler I2 and the idler I3 by 90 degrees to be reflected by the beam splitter M3, the coupling mirror M8 is used as an output coupling mirror of the second-stage long-wave idler, and is highly reflective to the idler I1 and the signal light S2, and partially reflective to the idler I2 and the idler I3 to form a long-wave resonant cavity to achieve oscillation amplification.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the specific embodiments shown and described, but is to be understood to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency is characterized by comprising a first subsystem, a beam splitter M3, a second subsystem, a third subsystem, a reflector group and a coupling mirror M8, wherein the first subsystem works at a wavelength far away from a degenerate point and is used for reducing output bandwidth, obtained signal light S1 and idler frequency light I1 are respectively and correspondingly pumped to the second subsystem and the third subsystem through the beam splitter M3, the second subsystem and the third subsystem are mutually coupled through the reflector group, and output light beams sequentially pass through the beam splitter M3 and the coupling mirror M8 to be output as an oscillator; the first subsystem, the second subsystem and the third subsystem all comprise nonlinear crystals;
the first subsystem comprises an input mirror M1, a nonlinear crystal NLC-1 and a spectroscope M2 which are sequentially arranged; the input mirror M1 is highly transmissive to the input pump light and reflective to the light reflected to the input mirror M1 by the nonlinear crystal NLC-1; the nonlinear crystal NLC-1 converts the pump light into signal light S1 and idler frequency light I1, the beam splitter M2 is highly reflective to the pump light, and the signal light S1 and idler frequency light I1 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-1 are highly transparent;
the second subsystem comprises a nonlinear crystal NLC-2 and a beam splitter M4 which are sequentially arranged, signal light S1 passes through the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 to generate signal light S2 and idler frequency light I2, the beam splitter M4 is used for highly reflecting the signal light S1 of the pumping nonlinear crystal NLC-2 to form two-way pumping, and highly transmitting the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2;
the third subsystem comprises a bicolor half-wave plate M7 and a nonlinear crystal NLC-3 which are sequentially arranged, the working wavelength of the bicolor half-wave plate M7 is two wavelengths of an idler I1 and an idler I2, and the polarization direction rotates by 90 degrees after the working wavelength passes through the idler I2 and the idler I3 of the bicolor half-wave plate M7; the idler frequency light passes through the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 to generate a signal light S3 and an idler frequency light I3, the beam splitter M6 and the reflector M5 are arranged, the reflector M6 is highly transmissive to the signal light S3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3, the idler frequency light I3 is highly reflective, and the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 are highly reflective.
2. The mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 is type I phase-matched.
3. The mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 is type II phase matching, the cutting angle satisfies the three-wave phase matching condition, and the main plane is perpendicular to the plane of the resonant cavity.
4. The mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mirror group comprises a mirror M5 and a mirror M6, the mirror M5 receives the output beam of the beam splitter M4, the mirror M6 receives the output beam of the nonlinear crystal NLC-3; the reflector M5 reflects the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 and the idler frequency light I3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 highly, the reflector M6 transmits the signal light S3 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-3 highly, reflects the idler frequency light I3 highly and reflects the signal light S2 and the idler frequency light I2 generated by the nonlinear crystal NLC-2 highly.
5. The mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beam splitter M3 is highly reflective for signal light S1 and highly transmissive for idler light I1; the signal light S2 is high in transmission, the p-polarized idler light I2 is high in transmission, and the S-polarized idler light I3 is high in reflection, wherein the idler light I1 is the same as the signal light S2, and the idler light I2 is the same as the idler light I3.
6. The mid-infrared parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency of claim 1, further comprising a pump source laser disposed at the front end of the first subsystem, wherein the pump source laser adopts a pulse or continuous operation mode.
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