CN111161604A

CN111161604A - Multifunctional magnetic suspension pendulum experimental device

Info

Publication number: CN111161604A
Application number: CN201811321333.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨万民; 李亚军
Original assignee: Shaanxi Normal University
Current assignee: Shaanxi Normal University
Priority date: 2018-11-07
Filing date: 2018-11-07
Publication date: 2020-05-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-07
Also published as: CN111161604B

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional magnetic suspension pendulum experiment device which comprises a bottom plate, wherein two brackets are vertically and fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate, and the top ends of the brackets are hinged with an installation part; a magnet attachment plate is arranged between the two brackets, and two ends of the magnet attachment plate are respectively fixedly connected with the mounting part; the top surface and the bottom surface of the magnet attachment plate are both provided with magnet rails; superconducting blocks are arranged above or below the magnet attachment plate in a magnetic suspension manner; the superconducting block is connected with an experiment component for performing a simple pendulum experiment; the magnetic suspension pendulum experimental device provided by the invention integrates various experimental devices, has a wider application range, is convenient to carry, reduces the teaching cost, presents complicated and interesting experimental phenomena through the superconducting magnetic suspension technology, improves the interestingness of teaching, and has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, easiness in manufacturing, teaching through lively activities and the like.

Description

Multifunctional magnetic suspension pendulum experimental device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of physical experiment devices, and particularly relates to a multifunctional magnetic suspension pendulum experiment device.

Background

The physical experiment is a necessary means for physical teaching, and students can intuitively know various physical laws or physical phenomena through the physical experiment, so that the teaching efficiency is improved; the experimental device for carrying out the physical experiment is a necessary teaching aid in the experiment.

In the physical teaching nowadays, a simple pendulum swing and a maxwell rolling pendulum are all common experimental devices in physical experiments, but the experimental devices can only be used for fixed and single physical experiments, the application range is small, and the teaching cost is increased.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide an experimental device with wider application range and more favorable for broadening innovative thinking teaching.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems of single function, small application range and single experimental phenomenon of experimental devices such as a simple pendulum in the prior art, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a multifunctional magnetic suspension pendulum experiment device comprises a bottom plate, wherein two supports are vertically and fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate, and an installation part is hinged to the top ends of the supports;

a magnet attachment plate is arranged between the two brackets, and two ends of the magnet attachment plate are respectively fixedly connected with the mounting part;

the top surface and the bottom surface of the magnet attachment plate are both provided with magnet rails;

superconducting blocks are arranged above or below the magnet attachment plate in a magnetic suspension manner;

and the superconducting block is connected with an experimental component for performing simple pendulum experiments.

As a further explanation of the invention, the experimental assembly comprises a cycloid, the bottom end of the cycloid is fixedly connected with a pendulum, and the top end of the cycloid is fixedly connected with the superconducting bulk material.

As a further explanation of the invention, the experimental assembly comprises a light bar, the bottom end of the light bar is fixedly connected with a pendulum, and the top end of the light bar is fixedly connected with the superconducting block.

As a further explanation of the invention, the experimental assembly comprises a spring, the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected with a pendulum, and the top end of the spring is fixedly connected with the superconducting bulk material.

As a further illustration of the present invention, the experimental assembly is a single pendulum swing.

As a further explanation of the invention, the experimental assembly is a Maxwell rolling pendulum.

As a further illustration of the invention, the magnet track is comprised of an array of permanent magnets.

As a further explanation of the present invention, the magnet attachment plate is a curved plate structure.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the magnetic suspension pendulum experimental device provided by the invention integrates various experimental devices, can demonstrate various experiments such as a single pendulum (connected by a thin rope, a light rod and a spring), a single pendulum swing and a Maxwell rolling pendulum in the experiment, has a wider application range, is convenient to carry, reduces the teaching cost, presents a complex and interesting experimental phenomenon through a superconducting magnetic suspension technology, improves the interestingness of teaching, is beneficial to the culture of innovative thinking and arouses students to explore science, and has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, easiness in manufacturing, teaching in entertainment and the like.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the experimental apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom plate, the bracket and the magnet track of the experimental device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic levitation connection structure of the magnet track and the superconducting bulk material of the experimental device.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnet track structure of the experimental device.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the experimental apparatus of example 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the experimental apparatus of example 4.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the experimental apparatus of example 5.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the experimental apparatus of example 6.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the experimental apparatus of example 7.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of an experimental apparatus in example 8.

In the figure: 1. a base plate; 2. a support; 3. an installation part; 4. a magnet attachment plate; 5. a magnet track; 6. a superconducting bulk material; 7. cycloid; 8. a pendulum bob; 9. a light bar; 10. a spring; 11. a single pendulum swing; 12. a Maxwell roll pendulum; 13. and a permanent magnet.

Detailed Description

To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structural features and effects of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit to a number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.

The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

Example 1:

in order to solve the technical problems of small application range and teaching cost increase of a physical experiment device in the prior art, the embodiment provides a multifunctional magnetic suspension pendulum experiment device, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, which comprises a bottom plate 1, two brackets 2 are vertically and fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate 1, and an installation part 3 is hinged to the top ends of the brackets 2; a magnet attachment plate 4 is arranged between the two brackets 2, and two ends of the magnet attachment plate 4 are respectively fixedly connected with the mounting part 3; the top surface and the bottom surface of the magnet attachment plate 4 are both provided with magnet rails 5; a superconducting block material 6 is arranged on the magnetic suspension track above or below the magnet attachment plate 4 (the superconducting block material is placed in the plastic box); the superconducting bulk material 6 is connected with an experimental component for performing simple pendulum experiments.

The specific installation process of the experimental device is as follows:

1, preparing a high-temperature superconducting bulk material 6;

2, fixing the two brackets 2 on the bottom plate 1 by using screws, and then fixing a magnet attachment plate 4 on the top ends of the brackets 2 through mounting parts 3 at the top ends of the two brackets 2;

3 regularly combining square permanent magnets 13 with the side length of 1cm into an array, wherein the array is determined according to actual use requirements, three rows of permanent magnets 13 are spliced to form a magnet track 5 in the embodiment, so that the magnet track 5 in the middle part of the surface of the magnet attachment plate 4 is designed into the magnet track 5 which is uniformly distributed with a magnetic field along the track direction and has a large magnetic field gradient perpendicular to the track direction;

4, the square permanent magnet 13 with the side length of 1cm is paved at the two ends of the surface of the magnet attachment plate 4 by adopting a magnet array which is different from the middle part of the magnet attachment plate 4, so that the high-temperature superconducting block 6 can not float out of the two ends of the track after being cooled to enter a superconducting state.

And 5, finally connecting the experimental assembly on the superconducting bulk 6 to perform different physical experiments.

Example 2:

on the basis of embodiment 1, the experimental component of this embodiment is a cycloid 7, as shown in fig. 1, a thin wire is used as the cycloid 7, the thin wire is used to connect a pendulum 8 and a superconductor, the superconductor is suspended below a magnet rail 5 after entering a superconducting state, the length of the cycloid 7 is measured, and after the pendulum 8 is released by an external force, the pendulum 8 is seen to make a conical pendulum motion, and meanwhile, a superconducting block 6 is driven to move along a track below the magnet rail 5. When the pendulum bob 8 passes through the balance position, the period is finally obtained, the calculated period is found to be small, and the pendulum bob 8 is proved to do conical pendulum motion. Namely, the period of the simple pendulum doing the conical pendulum movement is smaller.

Example 3:

on the basis of the above embodiment, the cycloid 7 is replaced by the light bar 9, as shown in fig. 5, the pendulum mass 8 and the superconducting block 6 are connected by the light bar 9, the superconducting body is suspended below the magnet rail 5 after being cooled by liquid nitrogen into a superconducting state, the pendulum length is measured, after the pendulum mass 8 is pushed by an external force, the pendulum mass 8 and the light bar 9 move together, no obvious conical pendulum phenomenon is observed, the measured period is small, and the analysis reason is caused by the mass of the light bar 9.

Example 4:

on the basis of the above embodiment, the light bar 9 is replaced by the spring 10, as shown in fig. 6, the superconductor is suspended below the magnet rail 5 after being cooled by liquid nitrogen and entering a superconducting state, the pendulum length is measured, and after the pendulum 8 is released by an external force, the motion tracks of the pendulum 8 and the spring 10 are complex, and the motion amplitude of the conical pendulum is large. When the amplitude of the conical pendulum is large, the period is small, the analysis reason is that the pendulum length is increased due to the fact that the spring 10 is stretched, and the influence of the pendulum length is larger than that caused by the movement of the conical pendulum. Therefore, if the simple pendulum ropes are not fixed, the measured period is larger when the pendulum ropes only change in the vertical direction.

Example 5:

based on the above embodiment, the superconductor is still suspended under the magnet rail 5 without contact, and when the pendulum 8 is replaced with a simple pendulum swing 11, as shown in fig. 7, the toy figure on the swing "swings" in the rail direction to move the superconductor magnet rail 5. At the moment, the cone pendulum phenomenon is not observed, because the single pendulum rope can be prevented from being changed into two pendulum ropes, and the single pendulum experiment can be prevented from being changed into the cone pendulum experiment.

Example 6:

based on example 5, the toy figure model on the swing is made to swing in the direction perpendicular to the magnet track 5, as shown in fig. 8, and no obvious conical pendulum phenomenon is observed.

Example 7:

on the basis of the above embodiment, the superconductor is still suspended under the magnet rail 5 without contact, and when the pendulum bob 8 is replaced by the maxwell rolling pendulum 12, as shown in fig. 9, the maxwell rolling pendulum 12 moves up and down to realize the conversion of kinetic energy and potential energy, it is found that the maxwell rolling pendulum 12 drives the superconductor to move along the magnet rail 5 in a small range, which is equivalent to translating the upper end of the maxwell rolling pendulum 12, and it can be found that translating it in the horizontal direction does not affect the conversion of energy.

Example 8:

on the basis of embodiment 7, maxwell roller pendulum 12 can move up and down along the direction perpendicular to magnet rail 5 to realize energy conversion, as shown in fig. 10, but maxwell roller pendulum 12 suspended below magnet rail 5 slightly shakes, and the movement state changes. It was found that a translation other than the horizontal direction affects its movement.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a multi-functional magnetic suspension pendulum experimental apparatus which characterized in that: the device comprises a bottom plate (1), wherein two brackets (2) are vertically and fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate (1), and the top ends of the brackets (2) are hinged with an installation part (3);

a magnet attachment plate (4) is arranged between the two brackets (2), and two ends of the magnet attachment plate (4) are respectively and fixedly connected with the mounting part (3);

magnet rails (5) are arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the magnet attachment plate (4);

a superconducting block material (6) is arranged above or below the magnet attachment plate (4) in a magnetic suspension manner;

and the superconducting bulk (6) is connected with an experimental component for performing a simple pendulum experiment.

2. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental component comprises a cycloid (7), the bottom end of the cycloid (7) is fixedly connected with a pendulum (8), and the top end of the cycloid (7) is fixedly connected with the superconducting block (6).

3. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental assembly comprises a light bar (9), the bottom end of the light bar (9) is fixedly connected with a pendulum (8), and the top end of the light bar (9) is fixedly connected with the superconducting block (6).

4. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental component comprises a spring (10), the bottom end of the spring (10) is fixedly connected with a pendulum (8), and the top end of the spring (10) is fixedly connected with the superconducting block (6).

5. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental component is a single pendulum swing (11).

6. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental component is a Maxwell rolling pendulum (12).

7. The assay device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the magnet track (5) is formed by arraying permanent magnets (13).

8. The assay device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the magnet attachment plate (4) is of a curved plate structure.