CN111160413A - Thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion - Google Patents

Thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion Download PDF

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CN111160413A
CN111160413A CN201911271119.1A CN201911271119A CN111160413A CN 111160413 A CN111160413 A CN 111160413A CN 201911271119 A CN201911271119 A CN 201911271119A CN 111160413 A CN111160413 A CN 111160413A
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thyroid nodule
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于瑞国
刘树培
刘志强
高洁
于健
李雪威
喻梅
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Tianjin University
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    • G06F18/21Design or setup of recognition systems or techniques; Extraction of features in feature space; Blind source separation
    • G06F18/214Generating training patterns; Bootstrap methods, e.g. bagging or boosting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
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    • G06F18/25Fusion techniques
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    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
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    • G06T2207/10132Ultrasound image
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Abstract

The invention relates to a thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring an original thyroid ultrasound image data set, and processing each ultrasound image; 2) cleaning an original ultrasonic image data set, and removing images which do not meet the requirements to obtain a data set containing 2000 high-quality thyroid nodule ultrasonic images; 3) constructing a thyroid nodule ultrasonic image classification network based on a residual error network; 4) replacing the residual error module with a multi-scale fusion module; 5) adding a high-resolution channel on the basis of a residual error network; 6) and analyzing the classification effect of the network model based on the multi-scale feature fusion and the high-resolution channel. The invention has scientific and reasonable design, designs a mechanism combining multi-scale features and high-resolution channels and improves the network performance.

Description

Thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of deep learning and medical image processing, relates to a data cleaning technology and a convolutional neural network technology of an ultrasonic image data set of thyroid nodules, and particularly relates to a thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion.
Background
Thyroid nodules are a common disease of the endocrine system, and are carried in 18% of adults. Although the vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, 10% of patients develop malignant thyroid nodules, primarily thyroid cancer. In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has rapidly increased, and the thyroid cancer is the seventh of the incidence of cancer in China at present. Ultrasound diagnosis is a common means of examining thyroid nodules for benign and malignant status. However, since doctors generally rely on subjective judgment, objective criteria are lacking, and mistakes are easily made.
The breakthrough of deep learning, particularly the convolutional neural network, in medical imaging proves its effectiveness in solving the problem of practical imaging. On one hand, the convolutional neural network can extract features from medical images through a multilayer network, and the accuracy rate far surpasses that of other methods on the aspect of relevant medical problems is obtained by utilizing the features; on the other hand, the depth learning method based on medical images can efficiently assist imaging doctors and greatly reduce the workload of doctors.
Most of the previous work was to use convolutional neural networks for feature extraction or fine-tune the ImageNet. The methods neglect the importance of end-to-end training, and do not design a network structure aiming at the characteristics of the thyroid nodule ultrasonic image. In addition, due to the problem of data confidentiality, the ultrasound images of most researchers are not public, and public large thyroid nodule ultrasound image data sets are urgently needed to be used by researchers.
Through a search for a patent publication, no patent publication similar to the present patent application is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring an original thyroid ultrasound image data set, and processing each ultrasound image;
2) cleaning an original ultrasonic image data set, and removing images which do not meet the requirements to obtain a data set containing 2000 high-quality thyroid nodule ultrasonic images;
3) constructing a thyroid nodule ultrasonic image classification network based on a residual error network;
4) replacing the residual error module with a multi-scale fusion module;
5) adding a high-resolution channel on the basis of a residual error network;
6) and analyzing the classification effect of the network model based on the multi-scale feature fusion and the high-resolution channel.
In addition, the peripheral boundary regions in the original ultrasonic image in the step 1) contain privacy information, and the boundary regions are cut out.
Moreover, the peripheral boundary region in the original ultrasound image in step 1) contains privacy information, the boundary region is cut off, and the color doppler blood flow image exists in the original ultrasound image data set in step 2), and a color operator is required to screen out the color doppler blood flow image and divide the data set into a training set and a test set.
And moreover, in the step 1), the peripheral boundary region in the original ultrasonic image contains privacy information, the boundary region is cut off, and in the step 3), the data set in the step 2) is used, and the network model based on the residual error network is trained end to end.
And moreover, in the step 1), the peripheral boundary regions in the original ultrasonic image contain privacy information, the boundary regions are cut off, in the step 4), in the residual error network in the step 3), a residual error module is replaced by a multi-scale information fusion module, and the module performs information fusion by using cavity convolution and example regularization.
And moreover, the peripheral boundary region in the original ultrasonic image in the step 1) contains privacy information, the boundary region is cut off, and in the step 5), a high-resolution channel is added on the basis of the residual error network in the step 3), and the high-resolution channel is internally composed of a multi-scale information fusion module.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion provides a brand-new high-resolution thyroid nodule ultrasonic image data set, can help researchers build network models to a great extent, and is favorable for the researchers to visually evaluate the work.
2. According to the thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion, the end-to-end training method is adopted, feature extraction or feature engineering is not needed, and the training difficulty is greatly reduced; the invention provides a multi-scale information fusion module which can be used for extracting global features irrelevant to the image style and the appearance in a network shallow layer. The adaptability and robustness of the network domain are improved to a certain extent; meanwhile, the characteristics are extracted together by combining batch regularization, so that the classification performance of the network is improved.
3. According to the thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion, a plurality of cavity convolutions with different cavity rates are used in a module in parallel, the network receptive field is improved, more multi-scale context information is captured, various multi-scale information is fused through an information fusion mechanism, and the network new energy is improved on the basis of not greatly improving the network parameters.
4. The thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion disclosed by the invention is characterized in that a high-resolution channel is designed on the basis of a residual error network to keep high-resolution information, and meanwhile, a multi-scale feature fusion module is combined, so that more abundant multi-scale feature information and the performance of a large-range high network can be obtained.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a classification method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the multi-scale feature fusion module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a high resolution channel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring an original thyroid ultrasound image data set, and processing each ultrasound image;
2) extra marks of thyroid ultrasonic image boundaries, such as machine models, diagnosis time, ultrasonic probe emission frequency, hospital names and the like, which are irrelevant to nodule diagnosis, are removed, so that influence on benign and malignant judgment of thyroid nodules caused by peripheral information of ultrasonic images is avoided;
3) cleaning an original ultrasonic image data set, and removing images which do not meet the requirements to obtain a data set containing 2000 high-quality thyroid nodule ultrasonic images;
4) for an ultrasound image containing N pixel points, assume that R, G, B three channel values of the pixel points P (i, j) are respectively
Figure BDA0002314201480000031
And
Figure BDA0002314201480000032
the variance σ of the R, G, B three-channel values of the pixel point P (i, j)2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002314201480000033
Figure BDA0002314201480000034
to further determine the color operator C, the variance σ is used2Setting a threshold value η for the value size, and performing binarization processing on the pixel point P (i, j) according to the following formula;
Figure BDA0002314201480000041
4) in color operator C, a point with a pixel value of 255 is the region of interest. In general, the greater the total number of points 255 in a map, the higher the probability that it contains color Doppler flow imaging. Assuming that the total number of pixel points in a binary color operator image is N and the total number of points with the pixel value of 255 is K, when N/K is larger than or equal to 0.01, the image is considered to contain color Doppler blood flow imaging.
5) Manually screening out other irrelevant images, and then forming a data set;
6) constructing a thyroid nodule ultrasonic image classification model based on a residual error network: the residual network contains a total of 50 layers, where the first time is a convolution with a convolution kernel size of 7 × 7, step size of 2; followed by a 2 x 2 max pooling layer; then the network is composed of 4 residual groups, which respectively contain 3, 4, 6 and 3 residual modules, each residual module is composed of 1 × 1, 3 × 3 and 1 × 1 convolutional layers, each residual module contains identity transformation, and the last full-link layer outputs a prediction result.
7) The multi-scale feature fusion module is shown in fig. 2. Assuming that the output feature mapping obtained after the feature mapping passes through the first layer of 1 × 1 convolutional layer is X, the X is respectively subjected to batch regularization and example regularization. The following are formulas for batch and example regularization:
XBN=BN(X)
XIN=IN(X)
8)XBNand XINThe common convolution calculation formula for 3 × 3 performed in parallel is:
XBN1=Fr=1(XBN)
XIN1=Fr=1(XIN)
9) mixing XBNAnd XINIs the same as XBN1And XIN1After the features are fused, performing 3 × 3 hole convolution with a hole rate of 2, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002314201480000042
Figure BDA0002314201480000043
10) and adding the obtained four feature mappings to obtain an output Y with rich multi-scale information, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Y=XBN1+XBN2+XIN1+XIN2
11) assuming input feature mapping
Figure BDA0002314201480000051
Respectively transmitting the data to the high-resolution channels, and keeping the resolution and the number of the channels unchanged in the high-resolution channels in the common resolution channels to obtain output characteristic mapping
Figure BDA0002314201480000052
The ordinary resolution channel carries out convolution operation with the step length of 2 on the first convolution layer, the width and the height of the feature mapping are reduced to 1/2, and the number of the channels is changed to 2 times of the original number; obtaining feature outputs after passing through a common resolution channel
Figure BDA0002314201480000053
Performing pooling operation on the feature mapping Y to obtain
Figure BDA0002314201480000054
Finally, carrying out Y' and ZA splicing operation of obtaining an output H by calculating the following formula, wherein
Figure BDA0002314201480000055
Feature stitching is represented.
Figure BDA0002314201480000056
12) Analyzing the classification effect of the network model based on the multi-scale feature fusion and the high-resolution channel: the trained network is used for analyzing a test set, main indexes of evaluation include Accuracy (Accuracy), Sensitivity (Sensitivity), Sensitivity (Specificity) and F1 scores, and the calculation modes are as follows:
Figure BDA0002314201480000057
Figure BDA0002314201480000058
Figure BDA0002314201480000059
Figure BDA00023142014800000510
wherein TP indicates true positive, FN indicates false negative, FP indicates false positive, and TN indicates true negative.
Table 1 shows the experimental results of the network, from which it can be seen that the network model proposed by the present invention all achieves the best results, which are optimal.
Table 1 table of network experiment results
Figure BDA00023142014800000511
Figure BDA0002314201480000061
The invention provides a method for collecting, cleaning and screening high-quality thyroid nodule images, aiming at the problem that the current thyroid nodule ultrasonic image diagnosis field lacks available public data sets for researchers to use. A high quality thyroid nodule ultrasound image data set was collected for use by the investigator. Meanwhile, possible application of multi-scale feature fusion in the field of thyroid ultrasound image classification is discussed. A multi-scale feature fusion module is designed on the basis of a residual error module of a residual error network, and an excellent multi-scale feature fusion effect is achieved. In addition, a mechanism of fusing a high-resolution channel and a low-resolution channel is designed on the basis of a residual error network structure, so that the classification performance of the network model is improved.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Claims (6)

1. A thyroid nodule classification method based on multi-scale feature fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring an original thyroid ultrasound image data set, and processing each ultrasound image;
2) cleaning an original ultrasonic image data set, and removing images which do not meet the requirements to obtain a data set containing 2000 high-quality thyroid nodule ultrasonic images;
3) constructing a thyroid nodule ultrasonic image classification network based on a residual error network;
4) replacing the residual error module with a multi-scale fusion module;
5) adding a high-resolution channel on the basis of a residual error network;
6) and analyzing the classification effect of the network model based on the multi-scale feature fusion and the high-resolution channel.
2. The method for thyroid nodule classification based on multi-scale feature fusion according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the peripheral boundary regions in the original ultrasonic image contain privacy information, and the boundary regions are cut out.
3. The method for thyroid nodule classification based on multi-scale feature fusion according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), a color doppler blood flow image exists in the original ultrasound image data set, and the color doppler blood flow image needs to be screened out by using a color operator and the data set is divided into a training set and a test set.
4. The method for thyroid nodule classification based on multi-scale feature fusion according to claim 1, wherein: and 3) training the network model based on the residual error network end to end by using the data set in the step 2).
5. The method for thyroid nodule classification based on multi-scale feature fusion according to claim 1, wherein: and 4) in the residual error network in the step 3), replacing a residual error module with a multi-scale information fusion module, and performing information fusion by using cavity convolution and instance regularization by using the multi-scale information fusion module.
6. The method for thyroid nodule classification based on multi-scale feature fusion according to claim 1, wherein: and 5) adding a high-resolution channel on the basis of the residual error network in the step 3), wherein the high-resolution channel is internally composed of a multi-scale information fusion module.
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