CN111159834A - Complex environment emission/nuclide release dose calculation method - Google Patents

Complex environment emission/nuclide release dose calculation method Download PDF

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CN111159834A
CN111159834A CN201811312859.0A CN201811312859A CN111159834A CN 111159834 A CN111159834 A CN 111159834A CN 201811312859 A CN201811312859 A CN 201811312859A CN 111159834 A CN111159834 A CN 111159834A
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郭瑞萍
陈海英
刘福东
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NUCLEAR AND RADIATION SAFETY CENTER
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Abstract

The invention discloses a complex environment emission/nuclide release dose calculation method, which comprises the following steps: calculating the nuclide concentrations at different distances in the downwind direction according to the nuclear facility release source items; calculating the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume center line of the complex environment according to the site topographic features of the nuclear facility; calculating the emission height of the smoke plume of the nuclear facility in the complex environment when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable; calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction below the central line of the smoke plume released by the nuclear facility under the influence of the surface roughness; calculating accident atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods of the complex environment of the nuclear facility; and calculating the personal effective dose and thyroid dose of the public caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment of the nuclear facility is released in an accident. The advantages are that: the calculation method is scientific and reasonable, has strong applicability, is an important technical means for evaluating the environmental influence of the radionuclide under the complex environmental condition, and has important significance in the technical field of evaluation of the atmospheric environmental influence of the radionuclide.

Description

Complex environment emission/nuclide release dose calculation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a method for evaluating the environmental influence of radioactive nuclide in a nuclear facility under a complex environment condition, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the dose of the nuclide discharged/released in the complex environment.
Background
When an accident occurs, radioactive nuclides of the nuclear facility are released to the atmospheric environment in the forms of gas, aerosol and the like, and the radioactive nuclides have radiation influence on the public through an atmospheric diffusion process and different irradiation ways. A nuclear facility radionuclide atmospheric diffusion and dose influence calculation method is provided in a nuclear facility environmental influence evaluation method.
However, the existing nuclear facility radionuclide atmospheric diffusion and dose calculation method has the following problems that on one hand, the site terrain is required to be flat during calculation; and secondly, the influence of the actual surface roughness of the nuclear facility plant site is not considered. The existing radionuclide atmospheric diffusion and dose calculation method does not consider the influence of complex terrain conditions and surface roughness on the evaluation of the influence of the radionuclide atmospheric environment. The nuclear facility sites have obvious difference due to geographical positions and surface environment characteristics, the radioactive nuclide emission characteristics of the sites have large difference, the concentration distribution characteristics of the radioactive nuclides released by accidents under the complex environment condition of the nuclear facility and the dose caused by the radioactive nuclides are important concerns for evaluating the nuclear facility environment influence, and a good dose calculation method for calculating the dose caused by the nuclides released by the complex environment of the nuclear facility does not exist in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a complex environment nuclide emission/release dose calculation method which can well calculate the dose caused by nuclide release in a complex environment of a nuclear facility.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a complex environment emission/release nuclide dose calculation method comprises the following steps:
(1) analyzing atmospheric diffusion characteristics of radioactive nuclides in a complex environment of a nuclear facility based on meteorological observation data, and calculating nuclide concentrations CON (x, y, z) at different downwind distances according to a nuclear facility release source item;
(2) calculating the downwind nuclide concentration CON (x,0, z) of the smoke plume center line of the complex environment according to the site topographic features of the nuclear facility;
(3) calculating the emission height of the smoke plume of the nuclear facility in the complex environment when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable;
(4) calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction below the central line of the smoke plume released by the nuclear facility under the influence of the surface roughness;
(5) calculating accident atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods of the complex environment of the nuclear facility by using an interpolation method;
(6) and calculating the personal effective dose and thyroid dose of the public caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment of the nuclear facility is released in an accident.
The method for calculating the nuclide concentrations at different downwind distances in the step (1) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000021
where CON (x, y, z) is the nuclide concentration at the downwind distance (x, y, z), SHIs the source intensity (Bq/s), wsIs the mean wind speed, σyIs the standard deviation, σ, of the y-direction concentration distribution functionzIs the standard deviation of the concentration distribution function in the z direction, M is the height of the blanket inversion layer, Hg0Is the height of the terrain, z is the vertical height, and h is the height of the centerline of the plume.
The mode for calculating the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume center line in the step (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000031
wherein CON (x,0, z) is the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume centerline, SHIs the source intensity (Bq/s), wsIs the mean wind speed, σyIs the standard deviation, σ, of the y-direction concentration distribution functionzIs the standard deviation of the concentration distribution function in the z direction, h is the height of the smoke plume centerline, and M is the height of the covering inversion layer.
The mode for calculating the emission height of the smoke plume in the step (3) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000032
HCOR is the emission height of the smoke plume, and delta h is the lifting height of the smoke plume.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001855468040000033
(when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable), Δ h is the plume lift height, S is the sensible heat flux, dxIs the distance in the downwind direction,
Figure BDA0001855468040000034
is the wind speed at z-height, wherein,
Figure BDA0001855468040000035
Figure BDA0001855468040000036
is the wind speed at the reference altitude, r0Is the surface roughness, p is an index parameter.
The method for calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction under the influence of the surface roughness of the released smoke plume in the step (4) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000041
CONCOR (x,0, z) is the corrected downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume central line,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001855468040000042
σz，corfor the standard deviation of the corrected z-direction concentration distribution function, the influence of the surface roughness, σ, is taken into accountz，pgIs the vertical diffusion parameter of the P-G curve, rcorFor adjusted surface roughness, rpgThe roughness of the surface of the P-G curve is shown.
The method for calculating the accident atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods of the complex environment in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001855468040000051
ADFiis the value of the atmospheric dispersion factor (s/m) at different times3)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001855468040000052
ADFT1the atmospheric dispersion factor from time 0 to time T1,ADFT2ADF being the atmospheric dispersion factor from time 0 to time T2T2-T1The atmospheric dispersion factor at the time T2-T1.
The mode for calculating the public individual effective dose caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment accident is released in the step (6) is as follows:
Dose＝Doseimm+Doseinh
Doseimmfor immersion of external radiation Dose, DoseinhFor inhalation of radiation dose
Wherein, the calculation mode of the irradiation dose outside the immersion is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000053
Figure BDA0001855468040000054
the total accident release amount of the nuclide j in the ith release time period,
Figure 1
the dose conversion factor is immersed and irradiated for the smoke plume of the nuclide j,
Figure BDA0001855468040000056
short term diffusion factor, λ, during the i-th release period of nuclide jjIs the physical decay constant of nuclide j, r is the distance;
the calculation method of the irradiation dose in the inhalation comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001855468040000057
br is the breathing rate of the adult,
Figure BDA0001855468040000061
an effective dose conversion factor is inhaled for public individuals of nuclide j.
The mode for calculating the public thyroid dose caused by the radionuclide when the complex environment accident is released in the step (6) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000062
Figure BDA0001855468040000063
thyroid dose switching factor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the calculation method is based on meteorological observation data and combines source items to calculate the atmospheric diffusion characteristics of the radioactive nuclide and the caused public radiation dose under the complex environment condition. The calculation method is scientific and reasonable, has strong applicability, is an important technical means for evaluating the environmental influence of the radionuclide under the complex environmental condition, and has important significance in the technical field of evaluation of the atmospheric environmental influence of the radionuclide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a complex environment nuclide emission/release dose calculation method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
A complex environment emission/release nuclide dose calculation method comprises the following steps:
(1) analyzing atmospheric diffusion characteristics of radioactive nuclides in a complex environment of a nuclear facility based on meteorological observation data, and calculating nuclide concentrations CON (x, y, z) at different downwind distances according to a nuclear facility release source item;
the way of calculating the nuclide concentrations at different distances downwind is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000064
where CON (x, y, z) is the nuclide concentration at the downwind distance (x, y, z), SHIs the source intensity (Bq/s), wsIs the mean wind speed, σyIs the standard deviation, σ, of the y-direction concentration distribution functionzIs the standard deviation of the concentration distribution function in the z direction, M is the height of the blanket inversion layer, Hg0Is the terrain height, z is the vertical heightAnd h is the height of the smoke plume center line.
(2) Calculating the downwind nuclide concentration CON (x,0, z) of the smoke plume center line of the complex environment according to the site topographic features of the nuclear facility;
the mode for calculating the nuclide concentration in the downwind direction of the smoke plume center line is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000071
wherein CON (x,0, z) is the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume centerline, SHIs the source intensity (Bq/s), wsIs the mean wind speed, σyIs the standard deviation, σ, of the y-direction concentration distribution functionzIs the standard deviation of the concentration distribution function in the z direction, h is the height of the smoke plume centerline, and M is the height of the covering inversion layer.
(3) Calculating the emission height of the smoke plume of the nuclear facility in the complex environment when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable;
the mode of calculating the emission height of the smoke plume is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000072
HCOR is the emission height of the smoke plume, and delta h is the lifting height of the smoke plume.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001855468040000081
(when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable)
Δ h is plume rise height, S is sensible heat flux, dxIs the distance in the downwind direction,
Figure BDA0001855468040000084
is the wind speed at z-height.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001855468040000082
Figure BDA0001855468040000083
is the wind speed at the reference altitude, r0Is the surface roughness, p is an index parameter.
(4) Calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction below the central line of the smoke plume released by the nuclear facility under the influence of the surface roughness;
the method for calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction under the center line of the released smoke plume under the influence of the surface roughness comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001855468040000091
CONCOR (x,0, z) is the corrected downwind nuclide concentration of the plume centerline.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001855468040000092
σz，corthe effect of the surface roughness was taken into account for the standard deviation of the corrected z-direction concentration distribution function. Sigmaz，pgIs the vertical diffusion parameter of the P-G curve, rcorFor adjusted surface roughness, rpgThe roughness of the surface of the P-G curve is shown.
(5) Calculating accident atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods of the complex environment of the nuclear facility by using an interpolation method;
the method for calculating the atmospheric dispersion factor of the accident in different time periods of the complex environment comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001855468040000093
ADFiis the atmospheric dispersion factor value (s/m3) at different times
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001855468040000101
ADFT1ADF being the atmospheric dispersion factor from time 0 to time T1T2ADF being the atmospheric dispersion factor from time 0 to time T2T2-T1The atmospheric dispersion factor at the time T2-T1.
(6) And calculating the personal effective dose and thyroid dose of the public caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment of the nuclear facility is released in an accident.
The method for calculating the effective dose of the radionuclide in the public individual caused by the complicated environment accident release is as follows:
Dose＝Doseimm+Doseinh
Doseimmfor immersion of external radiation Dose, DoseinhFor inhalation of radiation dose
Wherein, the calculation mode of the irradiation dose outside the immersion is as follows:
Figure BDA0001855468040000102
Figure BDA0001855468040000103
the total accident release amount of the nuclide j in the ith release time period,
Figure 1
the dose conversion factor is immersed and irradiated for the smoke plume of the nuclide j,
Figure BDA0001855468040000105
short term diffusion factor, λ, during the i-th release period of nuclide jjIs the physical decay constant of a species j and r is the distance.
The calculation method of the irradiation dose in the inhalation comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001855468040000106
br is the breathing rate of the adult,
Figure BDA0001855468040000111
an effective dose conversion factor is inhaled for public individuals of nuclide j.
The method for calculating the public thyroid dose caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment accident is released comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001855468040000112
Figure BDA0001855468040000113
thyroid dose switching factor.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a complex environment nuclide emission/release dose calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which mainly includes the following steps:
(1) analyzing atmospheric diffusion characteristics of radioactive nuclides in a complex environment based on meteorological observation data, and calculating nuclide concentrations CON (x, y, z) at different distances in the downwind direction;
in the embodiment, the nuclide concentration at the downwind distance is calculated, namely, the main wind direction of the plant site is analyzed based on meteorological observation data, the standard deviation of concentration distribution functions in the y direction and the z direction is calculated according to the conditions of the plant site, the nuclide concentrations at different downwind distances are calculated by combining the data of the accident source items of the plant, and the influence of complex terrains on the nuclide concentration is considered.
(2) Calculating the downwind nuclide concentration CON (x,0, z) of the smoke plume center line of the complex environment according to the site topographic features of the nuclear facility;
in the step, the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume center line in the complex environment is calculated, the diffusion of the smoke plume in the y direction is not considered in the embodiment, the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume center line is mainly determined through a calculation formula, and the influence of the lifting effect and the surface roughness of the smoke plume is not considered in the emission calculation.
(3) Calculating the emission height of the smoke plume of the nuclear facility in the complex environment when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable;
in the step of calculating the emission height of the smoke plume in the complex environment of the nuclear facility when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable, in the embodiment, the wind speed at the z-height is first calculated, the lifting height of the smoke plume is calculated by using the wind speed data at the z-height, and the emission height of the smoke plume is determined by combining the height of the discharge port and the lifting height of the smoke plume.
(4) Calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction below the central line of the smoke plume released by the nuclear facility under the influence of the surface roughness;
in the step of calculating the concentration of the airborne radionuclide under the influence of the surface roughness, in the embodiment, the actual surface roughness of the plant site of the nuclear facility needs to be determined according to the surface characteristics of the plant site of the nuclear facility, the actual surface roughness of the plant site of the nuclear facility needs to be compared with the surface roughness of the P-G curve, and the standard deviation of the actual z-direction concentration distribution function of the plant site of the nuclear facility needs to be determined by using the ratio of the actual surface roughness to the surface roughness of the P-G curve. And (3) calculating the concentration of the airborne nuclide under the influence of the central line of the smoke plume released by the nuclear facility under the influence of the actual emission height of the smoke plume in the complex environment of the nuclear facility and the standard deviation of the actual concentration distribution function in the z direction of the nuclear facility, and comparing the concentration with the concentration CON (x,0, z) of the airborne nuclide under the central line of the smoke plume in the complex environment calculated according to the site topographic characteristics of the nuclear facility in the step (2) to determine the influence degree of the surface roughness.
(5) Calculating accident atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods of the complex environment of the nuclear facility by using an interpolation method;
in the step, the atmospheric dispersion factors of the accidents in different time periods of the complex environment of the nuclear facility are calculated by using an interpolation method, and in the embodiment, the atmospheric dispersion factors in different time periods of the complex environment of the plant site of the nuclear facility are calculated by using the obtained ratio of the concentration of the wind-direction radioactive nuclide under the center line of the smoke plume released by the nuclear facility under the influence of the surface roughness of the plant site of the nuclear facility to the source item. And performing interpolation calculation on the atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods such as 0-2h, 2-8h, 8-24h, 24-96h, 96-720h and the like by using an interpolation method according to the radionuclide release characteristics of different time periods.
(6) And calculating the personal effective dose and thyroid dose of the public caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment of the nuclear facility is released in an accident.
In the step of calculating the public personal effective dose and the thyroid dose caused by the radionuclide when the nuclear facility complex environment accident is released, in the embodiment, the public personal effective dose is obtained by summing the submerged external irradiation dose and the inhaled internal irradiation dose, and the submerged external irradiation dose and the inhaled internal irradiation dose are obtained by the corresponding dose calculation formula under the nuclear facility complex environment condition. The thyroid dose is obtained by a thyroid dose calculation formula.
The calculation method is scientific and reasonable, is an important technical means for analyzing the atmospheric environmental influence of the radioactive nuclide under the complex environmental condition of the nuclear facility, has important significance in the fields of evaluation of the atmospheric environmental influence of the radioactive nuclide and analysis of the radiation environmental influence when the plant site environment of the nuclear facility is complex, and can be widely applied to evaluation of the atmospheric environmental influence of the radioactive nuclide of the nuclear facility.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A complex environment emission/nuclide release dose calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) analyzing atmospheric diffusion characteristics of radioactive nuclides in a complex environment of a nuclear facility based on meteorological observation data, and calculating nuclide concentrations CON (x, y, z) at different downwind distances according to a nuclear facility release source item;
(2) calculating the downwind nuclide concentration CON (x,0, z) of the smoke plume center line of the complex environment according to the site topographic features of the nuclear facility;
(3) calculating the emission height of the smoke plume of the nuclear facility in the complex environment when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable;
(4) calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction below the central line of the smoke plume released by the nuclear facility under the influence of the surface roughness;
(5) calculating accident atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods of the complex environment of the nuclear facility by using an interpolation method;
(6) and calculating the personal effective dose and thyroid dose of the public caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment of the nuclear facility is released in an accident.
2. The complex environment radionuclide dose calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for calculating the nuclide concentrations at different downwind distances in the step (1) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001855468030000011
where CON (x, y, z) is the nuclide concentration at the downwind distance (x, y, z), SHIs the source intensity (Bq/s), wsIs the mean wind speed, σyIs the standard deviation, σ, of the y-direction concentration distribution functionzIs the standard deviation of the concentration distribution function in the z direction, M is the height of the blanket inversion layer, Hg0Is the height of the terrain, z is the vertical height, and h is the height of the centerline of the plume.
3. The complex environment radionuclide dose calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mode for calculating the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume center line in the step (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001855468030000021
wherein CON (x,0, z) is the downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume centerline, SHIs the source intensity (Bq/s), wsIs the mean wind speed, σyIs the standard deviation, σ, of the y-direction concentration distribution functionzIs the standard deviation of the concentration distribution function in the z direction, h is the height of the smoke plume centerline, and M is the height of the covering inversion layer.
4. The complex environment radionuclide dose calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mode for calculating the emission height of the smoke plume in the step (3) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001855468030000022
HCOR is the emission height of the smoke plume, and delta h is the lifting height of the smoke plume.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0001855468030000023
(when the atmospheric stability is neutral or unstable), Δ h is the plume lift height, S is the sensible heat flux, dxIs the distance in the downwind direction,
Figure FDA0001855468030000024
is the wind speed at z-height, wherein,
Figure FDA0001855468030000031
Figure FDA0001855468030000032
is the wind speed at the reference altitude, r0Is the surface roughness, p is an index parameter.
5. The complex environment radionuclide dose calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for calculating the concentration of the radioactive nuclide in the wind direction under the influence of the surface roughness of the released smoke plume in the step (4) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001855468030000033
CONCOR (x,0, z) is the corrected downwind nuclide concentration of the smoke plume central line,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0001855468030000034
σz，corfor the standard deviation of the corrected z-direction concentration distribution function, the influence of the surface roughness, σ, is taken into accountz，pgIs the vertical diffusion parameter of the P-G curve, rcorFor adjusted surface roughness, rpgThe roughness of the surface of the P-G curve is shown.
6. The complex environment radionuclide dose calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for calculating the accident atmospheric dispersion factors of different time periods of the complex environment in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0001855468030000041
ADFiis the value of the atmospheric dispersion factor (s/m) at different times3)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0001855468030000042
ADFT1ADF being the atmospheric dispersion factor from time 0 to time T1T2ADF being the atmospheric dispersion factor from time 0 to time T2T2-T1The atmospheric dispersion factor at the time T2-T1.
7. The complex environment radionuclide dose calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mode for calculating the public individual effective dose caused by the radioactive nuclide when the complex environment accident is released in the step (6) is as follows:
Dose＝Doseimm+Doseinh
Doseimmfor immersion of external radiation Dose, DoseinhFor inhalation of radiation dose
Wherein, the calculation mode of the irradiation dose outside the immersion is as follows:
Figure FDA0001855468030000043
Figure FDA0001855468030000044
the total accident release amount of the nuclide j in the ith release time period,
Figure DEST_PATH_1
the dose conversion factor is immersed and irradiated for the smoke plume of the nuclide j,
Figure FDA0001855468030000046
during the ith release period of the nuclide jShort-term diffusion factor, λjIs the physical decay constant of nuclide j, r is the distance;
the calculation method of the irradiation dose in the inhalation comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0001855468030000051
br is the breathing rate of the adult,
Figure FDA0001855468030000052
an effective dose conversion factor is inhaled for public individuals of nuclide j.
8. The complex environment radionuclide dose calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mode for calculating the public thyroid dose caused by the radionuclide when the complex environment accident is released in the step (6) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001855468030000053
Figure FDA0001855468030000054
thyroid dose switching factor.
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