CN111159793A - Digital twin five-dimensional model based 3D printer modeling method and model system - Google Patents

Digital twin five-dimensional model based 3D printer modeling method and model system Download PDF

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CN111159793A
CN111159793A CN202010062132.2A CN202010062132A CN111159793A CN 111159793 A CN111159793 A CN 111159793A CN 202010062132 A CN202010062132 A CN 202010062132A CN 111159793 A CN111159793 A CN 111159793A
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printer
model
twin
digital twin
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CN111159793B (en
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王亚洲
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing

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Abstract

The invention discloses a 3D printer modeling method and a model system based on a digital twin five-dimensional model, wherein a physical model is established, and a 3D printer digital twin virtual model is established by performing virtual highly real mapping on geometric, physical, environmental and behavioral elements of the physical model; adopting a Browser/Server mode, and establishing a service system by the back end according to the MVC specification by using PHP and Mysql; extracting twin data comprising 3D printer physical entity data, 3D printer digital twin virtual model data, service data and knowledge data: a twin data information chain is established. The model system comprises a twin data information chain and realizes real-time information interaction among a physical model, a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, a service system and twin numbers. The modeling method can perform multi-view visual working condition and state monitoring on line in real time, and complete real-time natural interaction.

Description

Digital twin five-dimensional model based 3D printer modeling method and model system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printers, and relates to a 3D printer modeling method based on a digital twin five-dimensional model; the invention also relates to a model system established by the modeling method.
Background
The 3D printing technology can quickly and efficiently meet the requirements of consumers on personalized customization, and is more and more widely applied. With the continuous progress of 3D printing technology, the variety and number of 3D printers are increasing. Currently, the digitization level of 3D printers is low. Under the large background of deep implementation of 'china manufacturing 2025', improving the digitization level of a 3D printer is a key problem faced by 3D printing technology.
Currently, modeling methods for 3D printers are mostly limited to one aspect. For example, the method disclosed in patent application "a 3D printer molding accuracy optimization method" (publication No. CN 109878073A) models and simulates the overall mechanical structure of an existing FDM type 3D printer by using three-dimensional CAD modeling software, but the method cannot predict the problems occurring in the working process of the 3D printer, is inconvenient to display the working state in real time, is inconvenient to provide intelligent services, does not consider the influence of environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.) on the working of the 3D printer, and has a low management level.
The digital twin integrates multiple physical, multi-scale, multi-field and multi-disciplinary attributes, has the characteristics of real-time synchronization, faithful mapping and high fidelity, and is an effective technical means for realizing interaction and fusion of a physical world and an information world. According to the data twin 'five-dimensional structure model', the data twin comprises a physical model, a virtual model, a management system, twin data and a twin data information chain connecting the physical model and the virtual model. The 3D printer digital twin virtual model is a digital mirror image of a physical model, can efficiently and accurately evaluate, predict and optimize the entity model, and can provide intelligence for the entity model. Through retrieval, no report exists on a digital twin-based 3D printer digital model modeling method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a digital twin five-dimensional model-based 3D printer modeling method capable of displaying and predicting working conditions in real time and intelligently serving.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a 3D printer model system created by the above modeling method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: A3D printer modeling method based on a digital twin five-dimensional model comprises the following steps:
1) creating a software robot or drive physical model:
the physical model comprises a 3D printer body, a sensor and a control system, wherein the sensor is arranged on the 3D printer body and transmits signals of the speed, the position and the temperature of a printing head and signals of the working environment (such as humidity, temperature, wind speed and the like) of the 3D printer to the control system; the control system collects data of an operation panel of the 3D printer body and data of the sensor, transmits the collected data in a signal communication mode, and controls the 3D printer to work;
2) creating a 3D printer digital twin virtual model of a soft-bodied robot or driver:
the method comprises the following steps of performing virtual high-reality mapping on geometric, physical, environmental and behavior elements of a physical model based on a virtual reality and augmented reality technology to form a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, and mainly completing simulation, optimization, evaluation and real-time intelligent monitoring and regulation of the 3D printer working process;
the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer comprises a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model. The digital twin description model comprises a mechanism description model and a data-driven description model. The mechanism description model is established according to control science, hydromechanics, electrician electronics, mechanics, materials science and the like. The data driving description model is driven by a three-dimensional visualization engine in a twin data information chain, and receives real-time data. The digital twin description model and the digital twin intelligent model are combined with each other to render on line in real time to generate a virtual 3D printer consistent with the physical 3D printer, and the virtual 3D printer has multi-view visual display and can display states and working conditions in real time and naturally in an interactive manner;
the digital twin intelligent model mainly comprises an operating state database, a knowledge base and an inference machine, and working condition prediction and intelligent service of the 3D printer are realized by analyzing and deciding real-time data acquired by the sensor and original historical data.
3) Creating a service system:
the service system mainly completes data, algorithm, modeling process, fault management and control, service life prediction, interface operation and the like.
The service system adopts a Browser/Server mode, the back end uses PHP and Mysql to develop according to MVC standard, and the functions of user login, permission judgment, information management, historical data lookup, data analysis and the like can be realized; a user can log in the system at a PC (personal computer) end or a mobile client through an account and a password of the service system to perform tasks such as ordering, data downloading and state monitoring; the user can log in on site or remotely at any time, control the 3D printer, check the production scheme and optimize the system configuration.
4) Mining twin data:
twin data is a key driver. The twin data comprises physical entity data of the 3D printer, digital twin virtual model data of the 3D printer, service data, knowledge data and derivative data. The physical entity data of the 3D printer comprises the specification, performance, operation and other related data of the 3D printer; the method comprises the data of the size, the assembly, the position, the material and the like of the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer. The service data comprises an algorithm, a data processing method and related management data; the knowledge data comprises expert knowledge in a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer, a model base and other data; the derived data is obtained by performing relevant processing such as data conversion, preprocessing, classification, association, integration, fusion and the like on the data.
5) Creating a dynamic real-time concatenation or dynamic real-time twin data information chain:
the dynamic real-time connection or dynamic real-time twin data information chain realizes real-time information interaction among a 3D printer physical model, a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, a service system and twin data by means of a modern information transmission technology. The physical model and the 3D printer digital twin virtual model are connected through the twin data information chain, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected through the twin data information chain, and the service system, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected through the twin data information chain.
The twin data information chain realizes mutual information data exchange of related components, and comprises connection of a physical model and a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, connection of the physical model and a service system, connection of the physical model and twin data, connection of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model and the service system, connection of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model and the twin data, connection of the twin data and the service system and the like.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the model system established by the modeling method comprises a service system, wherein the service system is respectively connected with twin data, a physical model and a 3D printer digital twin virtual model through twin data information chains, the twin data is respectively connected with the physical model and the 3D printer digital twin virtual model through the twin data information chains, and the physical model is connected with the 3D printer digital twin virtual model through the twin data information chains.
According to the modeling method, the physical 3D printer body and the environmental state information are collected through various sensors, and the three-dimensional visualization engine is driven to render and generate the virtual 3D printer model consistent with the physical 3D printer based on the information, so that the faithful twin mapping of the virtual 3D printer and the physical 3D printer is realized, the multi-view visualization working condition and state monitoring can be carried out on line in real time, and the real-time natural interaction is completed.
By constructing the service system, the model can control data, algorithms, modeling processes and the like involved in the work of the 3D printer, and the data, the algorithms, the modeling processes and the like are displayed through a human-computer friendly interface, so that the management level is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure established in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a physical model built in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printer digital twin virtual model built in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the digital twin intelligent model established in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the modeling method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The five-dimensional model established by the 3D printer modeling method based on the digital twin five-dimensional model provided by the embodiment includes a physical model, a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer, a service system, twin data and a twin data information chain, as shown in fig. 1; wherein,
the physical model includes a 3D printer body, sensors, and a control system, as shown in fig. 2. The 3D printer body comprises a servo system, a functional unit and an auxiliary part, wherein the servo system comprises a motor, a feeding system and the like; the functional unit comprises a screw rod, a feed rod, a printing head and the like; the auxiliary part comprises a material conveying system, a lighting system, a protective cover and the like. The sensor comprises a position sensor, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor and the like, and the data transmission mode of the sensor is realized by Wifi, Bluetooth, RFID, RS232 and the like. The control system mainly comprises a controller, an HMI, an I/O and the like,
the sensor is arranged on the 3D printer body and transmits signals of the speed, the position and the like of the 3D printer body to the control system; the sensor is connected with the control system through different data interfaces; the control system collects relevant data through the twin data information chain and transmits signals, and meanwhile, controls parameters such as the speed and the track of the printing head and sends information such as alarm prompt;
the 3D printer digital twin virtual model is a highly real mapping for virtualizing the geometric, physical, environmental and behavior elements of a physical model based on technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality, and is mainly used for completing simulation, optimization, evaluation and real-time intelligent monitoring and regulation of the 3D printer working process. The three-dimensional visualization engine is driven by the twin data information chain to render on-line real-time and off-line non-real-time to generate a virtual 3D printer consistent with the physical 3D printer, and the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer has the functions of multi-view visualization display, natural interaction and state monitoring. The virtual model comprises a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model, and the digital twin intelligent model realizes intelligent service of digital twin of the 3D printer through data analysis and decision.
The digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer is composed of a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model, and is shown in FIG. 3. The digital twin description model comprises a mechanism description model and a data-driven description model. The mechanism description model is composed of a fluid system, a material system, an electrical system and a mechanical system, the working principle of the 3D printer is described by means of related subject principles, the mechanical system is responsible for describing the relation among all mechanical parts of the physical 3D printer, the fluid system is used for describing the relation of a hydraulic system of the 3D printer, the electrical system is used for describing the relation of an electrical control system of the 3D printer, and the material system is used for describing the material properties of the 3D printer. The mechanism description model is constructed based on a multi-domain unified modeling language Modelica in an object-oriented mode, the 3D printer is divided by utilizing an object-oriented idea and a method based on componentization and mathematical equation until all parts, then a representation model of corresponding parts and subsystems is established by utilizing the unified multi-domain modeling language Modelica based on constraint requirements of corresponding systems, and the subsystems in all the domains are integrated in different domains through energy converters to form a digital twin multi-domain description model.
As shown in fig. 4, the digital twin intelligent model mainly comprises an operating state database, a knowledge base and an inference machine, wherein the operating state database stores control systems and sensing information acquired from the 3D printer in real time, the knowledge base learns corresponding knowledge from historical data, the inference machine performs decision-making inference and fault predictive diagnosis and the like based on corresponding rules and knowledge, so as to complete intelligent prediction of the working condition of the 3D printer, and feed back results and physical assets in the form of data, thereby realizing the intelligence of the 3D printer; and meanwhile, the result is transmitted to the 3D printer digital twin virtual model in a data form, so that the 3D printer digital twin virtual model is promoted to be adjusted and displayed in real time. The real-time interactive display and the optimal work are achieved.
The service system adopts a Browser/Server mode, the back end uses PHP and Mysql to develop according to MVC standard, and the functions of user login, permission judgment, information management, historical data lookup, data analysis and the like can be realized; a user can log in a service system at a PC (personal computer) end or a mobile client through an account and a password to perform order placing, data downloading, state monitoring and the like; the service system can complete the work of fault management and control, service life prediction and the like. The user can log in on site or remotely at any time, control the 3D printer, check the production scheme and optimize the system configuration.
The twin data comprises 3D printer physical entity data, 3D printer digital twin virtual model data, service data, knowledge data, derivative data and the like. The physical entity data of the 3D printer comprises the specification, performance, operation and other related data of the 3D printer. The digital twin virtual model data of the 3D printer comprises the data of the size, assembly, position, material and the like of the virtual model. The service data includes algorithms, data processing methods and related management data. The knowledge data comprises expert knowledge in a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer, a model base and the like.
The twin data information chain realizes mutual information data exchange of related components, and comprises connection of a 3D printer physical model and a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, connection of a physical model and a service system, connection of a 3D printer physical model and a twin number, connection of a 3D printer digital twin virtual model and a service system, connection of a 3D printer digital twin virtual model and a twin number, connection of a twin number and a service system and the like.
Examples
Referring to FIG. 5, one embodiment of the modeling method of the present invention is a 3-axis Fused Deposition (FDM) 3D printer. The 3D printer mainly comprises a frame, a polished rod support, an optical axis, a feeding mechanism, a Z-axis platform, an extrusion head, a bottom plate, a control circuit and a stepping motor.
In the process of carrying out digital twin modeling on the 3D printer by using the modeling method, the 3D printer is divided by using an object-oriented idea and a method based on componentization and mathematical equation until all parts are obtained, engineers in all fields use a unified multi-field modeling language Modelica to establish expression models of corresponding parts and subsystems based on a constraint equation, a constraint, a parameter and the like of a corresponding system, and the subsystems in all fields are integrated in different fields through an energy converter to form a description model of the digital twin multi-field. The intelligent digital twin model mainly comprises a database, a knowledge base and an inference machine.
The method comprises the following steps that sensors (a speed sensor, a temperature sensor, a position sensor, a flow sensor and the like) and limit switches which are installed on a 3D printer body and environment sensors (an air humidity sensor, an environment temperature sensor and the like) which are used for collecting environment data transmit physical attributes (printing speed, temperature, feeding speed and the like) and environment parameters of the 3D printer to a digital twin intelligent model of the 3D printer, and the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer which is consistent with the physical model is generated by utilizing the subject mechanism of control science, fluidics, materials science, electrics and mechanics and combining the data, and the working condition of the digital twin virtual model is displayed in real time; meanwhile, the stored historical data is combined, and the 3D printer digital twin virtual model is intelligently analyzed and predicted to determine whether the current physical attribute value of the 3D printer is reasonable or not. If unreasonable, adjust the motion of 3 axles of 3D printers and extrude the operating mode of head through step motor to make 3D printer work more accord with reality, operating condition is optimal.
The design service module of the service system is combined with a simulation technology (using ABAQUS, ANSYS and other software) and a data modeling technology to realize real-time high-confidence simulation prediction of the 3D printer, so that the design verification capability can be improved, the design speed is accelerated, and the design precision is improved. The fault prediction and monitoring module of the service system is used for rapidly capturing faults, accurately positioning fault reasons, evaluating the state of the 3D printer and predicting and maintaining the state of the 3D printer based on real-time data provided by twin data through analyzing and processing the acquired data. The service system can also complete the statistical analysis of the twin data and display the twin data. The operator can also complete the control of the 3D printer through the human-computer interface.
The service system adopts a Browser/Server mode, the back end uses PHP and Mysql to develop according to MVC standard, and the functions of user login, permission judgment, information management, historical data lookup, data analysis and the like can be realized; a user can log in the system at a PC (personal computer) end or a mobile client through an account and a password of the system to perform tasks such as ordering, data downloading and state monitoring. The user can log in the service system on site or remotely at any time, control the 3D printer, check the working scheme and optimize the system configuration.

Claims (7)

1. A3D printer modeling method based on a digital twin five-dimensional model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishing a physical model comprising a 3D printer body, a sensor and a control system, wherein the sensor is installed on the 3D printer body, and transmits a speed signal, a position signal and a temperature signal of a printing head and a working environment signal of the 3D printer to the control system; the control system collects data of an operation panel of the 3D printer body and data of the sensor, transmits the collected data in a signal mode, and controls the 3D printer;
2) performing virtualization high real mapping on geometric, physical, environment and behavior elements of the physical model based on virtual reality and augmented reality technologies to establish a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer;
3) adopting a Browser/Server mode, and establishing a service system by the back end according to the MVC specification by using PHP and Mysql; the system is used for user login, authority judgment, information management, historical data lookup and data analysis;
4) extracting twin data comprising physical entity data of the 3D printer, digital twin virtual model data of the 3D printer, service data and knowledge data and derivative data:
5) and establishing a dynamic real-time connection twin data information chain or a dynamic real-time twin data information chain, and realizing real-time information interaction among a physical model, a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer, services and twin numbers through the twin data information chain.
2. The digital twin five-dimensional model-based 3D printer modeling method according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printer digital twin virtual model includes a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model; the digital twin description model comprises a mechanism description model and a data driving description model; the mechanism description model is established according to control science, hydromechanics, electricity, mechanics and materials science; the data driving description model is driven by a three-dimensional visualization engine in a twin data information chain, and receives real-time data; the digital twin description model and the digital twin intelligent model are combined with each other to render on line in real time to generate a virtual 3D printer consistent with the physical 3D printer, and the virtual 3D printer has multi-view visual display and can display states and working conditions in real time and naturally in an interactive manner; the digital twin intelligent model consists of an operating state database, a knowledge base and an inference machine, and the working condition prediction and intelligent service of the soft robot or the driver are realized by analyzing and deciding the real-time data collected by the sensor and the original historical data.
3. The digital twin five-dimensional model-based 3D printer modeling method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the 3D printer digital twin virtual model completes simulation, optimization, evaluation and real-time intelligent monitoring and control of the 3D printer working process.
4. The digital twin five-dimensional model-based 3D printer modeling method according to claim 1, wherein the physical entity data of the 3D printer includes specification, performance and operation-related data of the 3D printer; the 3D printer digital twin virtual model data comprises the size, assembly, position and material data of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model; the service data comprises an algorithm, a data processing method and related management data; the knowledge data includes expert knowledge in the 3D printer digital twin virtual model and model library data.
5. The digital twin five-dimensional model-based 3D printer modeling method according to claim 1, wherein the physical model and the 3D printer digital twin virtual model are connected by a twin data information chain, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected by a twin data information chain, and the service system, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected by a twin data information chain.
6. A model system established by the modeling method of claim 1, comprising a service system connected to the twin data, the physical model and the 3D printer digital twin virtual model through twin data information chains, respectively, the twin data connected to the physical model and the 3D printer digital twin virtual model through twin data information chains, respectively, the physical model connected to the 3D printer digital twin virtual model through twin data information chains.
7. The modeling system of claim 6, wherein the physical model comprises a 3D printer body, a sensor and a control system, the sensor is mounted on the 3D printer body, the sensor transmits the speed, position and temperature signals of the print head and the working environment signals of the 3D printer to the control system; the control system collects data of an operation panel of the 3D printer body and data of the sensor, transmits the collected data in a signal mode, and controls the 3D printer to work.
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