CN111159634A - Method for calculating ship atmospheric pollutant emission and spatial distribution based on AIS data - Google Patents
Method for calculating ship atmospheric pollutant emission and spatial distribution based on AIS data Download PDFInfo
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- CN111159634A CN111159634A CN201911274146.4A CN201911274146A CN111159634A CN 111159634 A CN111159634 A CN 111159634A CN 201911274146 A CN201911274146 A CN 201911274146A CN 111159634 A CN111159634 A CN 111159634A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a method for calculating the emission amount and spatial distribution of ship atmospheric pollutants based on AIS data, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: analyzing and screening AIS message information; step two: constructing a complete ship static and dynamic database; step three: calculating the emission of atmospheric pollutants of the ship; step four: and calculating the spatial distribution of the pollutants. The calculation method can more intuitively reflect the emission of main pollutants (SO2, NOx and the like) and the spatial distribution range of the port, and can calculate the emission of pollutants under different driving states.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a method for calculating the emission amount and spatial distribution of ship atmospheric pollutants based on AIS data.
Background
The prosperous and developing maritime trade promotes the economic development of port areas and brings great harm to the air quality of port areas. Compared with automobiles, ships mostly use diesel oil or heavy oil with high sulfur content as main fuel (the average sulfur content is about 2.6% -2.7%), and a large amount of air pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon-containing particulate matters and the like are discharged in the process of sailing. Under the influence of wind and diffusion, these pollutants can have great influence on the air quality and the health of people in coastal and inland areas. The list of atmospheric emissions refers to a list of the amounts of common atmospheric pollutants (PM, CO, NOx, etc.) generated by different atmospheric pollution sources (such as factory exhaust gas, automobile exhaust gas, ship exhaust gas, domestic exhaust gas, etc.) in a research area in a period of time. The establishment of the atmospheric emission list plays an important role in analyzing the atmospheric pollution emission source of a research area, researching the pollutant diffusion condition by utilizing an air quality model and formulating atmospheric pollution management measures.
At present, the international common ship emission list calculation methods mainly include a fuel consumption method and a ship power-based method. Compared with a fuel consumption method, the ship power-based calculation method has higher requirements on static data and dynamic data of the ship, and simultaneously, the influence of factors such as the actual navigational speed, the engine power and the running time of the ship on the ship emission is also considered. The jintaocheng et al estimate the ship pollutant emission in 2006 based on a fuel consumption method, and predict the ship pollutant emission in 2010 and 2020. Chen and the like adopt a calculation method based on ship power to calculate a ship emission list in 2014, and carry out preliminary analysis on emission sharing rates of different ship types, driving modes and pollution sources. However, no scholars deeply research the space distribution rule of the ship atmospheric pollutants at present, which restricts the harbor from further making a targeted atmospheric pollution prevention and control scheme. At present, the research on the spatial distribution of pollutants in inland urban areas or urban communities is relatively mature in China, the research on the spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants of ships around ports is relatively less, and the research means is not mature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for calculating the emission amount and the spatial distribution of the ship atmospheric pollutants based on AIS data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for calculating ship atmospheric pollutant emission and spatial distribution based on AIS data is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing and screening AIS message information;
step two: constructing a complete ship static and dynamic database;
step three: calculating the emission of atmospheric pollutants of the ship;
step four: and calculating the spatial distribution of the pollutants.
Preferably, in the second step, the analyzed AIS message information may be divided into ship dynamic information, ship static information and ship voyage related information according to attributes, wherein the ship dynamic information and the ship static information may be used for calculating an atmospheric pollution emission list of a ship, the broadcast periods of different attribute information have a certain difference, the ship static information is generally broadcast once every 6min, and the ship dynamic information is broadcast once every 3-10s, and the analyzed dynamic data and static data are separately stored by using the property that the broadcast frequencies of the dynamic data and the static data have a difference, so as to respectively establish a ship dynamic database and a ship static database.
Preferably, in the second step, the MMSI code provided by the AIS static database is combined with the information such as the power of a ship engine, the loading capacity of the ship, the rotating speed of the ship and the like searched in the Rous database, so that a basic information table of the ship is perfected, and a complete static database is constructed.
Preferably, in step two, each AIS data reflects the sailing state of the ship at a certain time, two AIS data at adjacent times of the same ship can be considered to approximately reflect the sailing state of the ship at the time, the sailing speeds of two adjacent AIS data of the same ship are averaged and can be considered to represent the average sailing speed at the time, and the sailing time of the ship at the distance can be obtained by differentiating the times of two adjacent AIS data of the same ship.
Preferably, the ship pollution emission is calculated according to a ship pollutant emission calculation formula:
Ei＝Pi×T×E×F×L (1)
in the formula EiThe unit is g for the discharge amount of pollutants of a ship main engine, a ship auxiliary engine and a boiler; piThe unit is the load power of the ship main engine, the ship auxiliary engine and the boiler, and is kw; t is the sailing time of the ship and the unit is h; e is the emission factor of pollutants and has the unit g/(kw.h); f is a fuel coefficient and is free of dimensional units; and L is a ship host low-load correction coefficient and is a dimensionless unit.
Preferably, the investigation region is spatially gridded with a spatial resolution of 0.5km by 0.5 km. The method comprises the steps of calculating pollutant discharge amount of a ship in a certain time period by utilizing longitude and latitude information of the ship provided by AIS data, judging whether a section of track completely falls into a certain grid or not, and distributing the emission ratio of the pollutant discharge amount of the section of track in each grid according to the length of the track in each grid when the section of track is positioned in a plurality of grids. Respectively calculating pollutant discharge amount of different sections of tracks of the same ship in each grid according to the time sequence; respectively calculating the total pollutant emission amount of different ships in each grid according to the MMSI sequence; and finally, overlapping the pollutant discharge amount in the same grid to obtain the pollutant discharge total amount of each grid.
The method has the advantages that the method can more intuitively reflect the emission of main pollutants (SO2, NOx and the like) and the spatial distribution range of the port, and can calculate the emission of pollutants in different driving states. The regional pollution problem can be treated more pertinently according to the calculation result. If the calculated ship emission and space distribution results are combined with the pollutant diffusion model, the diffusion condition of the ship atmospheric pollutants can be analyzed, and more valuable references can be provided for ship emission supervision and policy making.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of AIS message information parsing in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the calculation of the amount of pollutants discharged in the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of calculation of spatial distribution of contaminants in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, the ais (automatic Identification system) system was born in the 90 s of the 20 th century, and is a novel digital navigation aid system device integrating communication technology and electronic information display technology. The calculation process is mainly divided into the following four steps:
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing and screening AIS message information;
step two: constructing a complete ship static and dynamic database;
step three: calculating the emission of atmospheric pollutants of the ship;
step four: and calculating the spatial distribution of the pollutants.
The first step is that AIS message information needs to be transmitted in a special mode due to the complex marine communication environment and the large amount of information contained in AIS, and the original AIS message information cannot be directly used for scientific research. Before the AIS data is used for research, the AIS message needs to be interpreted into data which can be read and used visually by combining with an encoding mechanism adopted by the AIS message, and a specific analysis flow is shown in fig. 1.
In the second step, the analyzed AIS message information can be divided into ship dynamic information, ship static information and ship voyage number related information according to attributes. The ship dynamic information and the ship static information can be used for calculating the ship atmospheric pollution emission list. The broadcasting periods of different attribute information have certain difference, and the ship static information is generally broadcasted every 6 min; the dynamic information of the ship is broadcasted every 3-10 s. In order to facilitate the calculation of the subsequent emission list, the analyzed dynamic data and static data are separately stored by utilizing the property that the broadcasting frequency of the dynamic data and the static data is different, and a ship dynamic database and a ship static database are respectively established.
The AIS static database does not contain ship information such as ship engine power, ship load capacity, ship rotating speed and the like. Through MMSI codes provided by the AIS static database, the information such as ship engine power, ship load capacity, ship rotating speed and the like is searched in the Law database in a combined manner, a ship basic information table is perfected, and therefore a complete static database is constructed.
Each piece of AIS data reflects the navigation state of the ship at a certain moment, and two pieces of AIS data of the same ship at adjacent moments can be considered to approximately reflect the navigation state of the ship at the moment. The navigation speed of two adjacent AIS data of the same ship is averaged, and the average navigation speed representing the time can be considered. And (4) subtracting the moments of two adjacent AIS data of the same ship to obtain the navigation time of the ship in the distance.
Step three, calculating the ship pollution emission according to a ship pollutant emission calculation formula:
Ei＝Pi×T×E×F×L (1)
in the formula EiThe unit is g for the discharge amount of pollutants of a ship main engine, a ship auxiliary engine and a boiler; piThe unit is the load power of the ship main engine, the ship auxiliary engine and the boiler, and is kw; t is the sailing time of the ship and the unit is h; e is the emission factor of pollutants and has the unit g/(kw.h); f is a fuel coefficient and is free of dimensional units; and L is a ship host low-load correction coefficient and is a dimensionless unit.
In step four, the study area is spatially gridded with a spatial resolution of 0.5km by 0.5 km. By utilizing the longitude and latitude information of the ship provided by the AIS data, the pollutant discharge amount of the ship in a certain time period is calculated, and whether the section of track completely falls into a certain grid or not is judged. When a section of track is positioned in a plurality of grids, the emission ratio of the pollutant emission amount of the section of track in each grid needs to be distributed according to the length of the track in each grid. Respectively calculating pollutant discharge amount of different sections of tracks of the same ship in each grid according to the time sequence; respectively calculating the total pollutant emission amount of different ships in each grid according to the MMSI sequence; and finally, overlapping the pollutant discharge amount in the same grid to obtain the pollutant discharge total amount of each grid. The flow chart of the calculation of the spatial distribution of the pollutants is shown in fig. 3.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating ship atmospheric pollutant emission and spatial distribution based on AIS data is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing and screening AIS message information;
step two: constructing a complete ship static and dynamic database;
step three: calculating the emission of atmospheric pollutants of the ship;
step four: and calculating the spatial distribution of the pollutants.
2. The method for calculating the emission amount and the spatial distribution of the atmospheric pollutants of the ship based on the AIS data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the analyzed AIS message information can be divided into ship dynamic information, ship static information and ship voyage related information according to attributes, wherein the ship dynamic information and the ship static information can be used for calculating a ship atmospheric pollution emission list, the broadcasting periods of different attribute information have certain difference, the ship static information is generally broadcasted every 6min, the ship dynamic information is broadcasted every 3-10s, the analyzed dynamic data and static data are separately stored by utilizing the property that the broadcasting frequency of the dynamic data and the static data has difference, and a ship dynamic database and a ship static database are respectively established.
3. The method for calculating the emission amount and the spatial distribution of the atmospheric pollutants of the ship based on the AIS data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, information such as the power of a ship engine, the loading capacity of the ship, the rotating speed of the ship and the like is searched in the Law database through MMSI codes provided by the AIS static database, and a basic information table of the ship is perfected, so that a complete static database is constructed.
4. The method for calculating the emission amount and the spatial distribution of the atmospheric pollutants of the ship based on the AIS data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, each piece of AIS data reflects the sailing state of the ship at a certain moment, the two AIS data of the adjacent moments of the same ship can be considered to approximately reflect the sailing state of the ship at the certain time, the sailing speeds of the two adjacent AIS data of the same ship are averaged and can be considered to represent the average sailing speed at the certain time, and the sailing time of the ship at the certain distance can be obtained by differentiating the moments of the two adjacent AIS data of the same ship.
5. The method for calculating the emission amount and the spatial distribution of the atmospheric pollutants of the ship based on the AIS data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating the ship pollution emission according to a ship pollutant emission calculation formula:
Ei＝Pi×T×E×F×L (1)
in the formula EiThe unit is g for the discharge amount of pollutants of a ship main engine, a ship auxiliary engine and a boiler; piThe unit is the load power of the ship main engine, the ship auxiliary engine and the boiler, and is kw; t is the sailing time of the ship and the unit is h; e is the emission factor of pollutants and has the unit g/(kw.h); f is a fuel coefficient and is free of dimensional units; and L is a ship host low-load correction coefficient and is a dimensionless unit.
6. The method for calculating the emission amount and the spatial distribution of the atmospheric pollutants of the ship based on the AIS data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of performing space grid division on a research area with a space resolution of 0.5km by 0.5km, calculating pollutant discharge amount of a ship in a certain time period by using ship longitude and latitude information provided by AIS data, judging whether a section of track completely falls into a certain grid or not, and distributing the discharge ratio of the pollutant discharge amount of the section of track in each grid according to the length of the track in each grid when the section of track is in a plurality of grids. Respectively calculating pollutant discharge amount of different sections of tracks of the same ship in each grid according to the time sequence; respectively calculating the total pollutant emission amount of different ships in each grid according to the MMSI sequence; and finally, overlapping the pollutant discharge amount in the same grid to obtain the pollutant discharge total amount of each grid.
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| CN115032343A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-09 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Ship black carbon emission spatial feature calculation method |
| CN115905770A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-04-04 | 大连海事大学 | Ship pollution emission track measuring and calculating method based on AIS data |
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