CN111157566A - Multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine - Google Patents
Multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111157566A CN111157566A CN202010007953.6A CN202010007953A CN111157566A CN 111157566 A CN111157566 A CN 111157566A CN 202010007953 A CN202010007953 A CN 202010007953A CN 111157566 A CN111157566 A CN 111157566A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine, and belongs to the technical field of material tests. The device consists of a heating and temperature control system, a cooling system, a lifting program control system, a machine frame shell system and an air supply system. The heating and temperature control system consists of a heating furnace, a furnace shell, a thermocouple and a program temperature controller, and the cooling system consists of a water tank, a soaking stirrer, a water supply and drainage pipe, an isolation water jacket and a thermometer; the lifting program control system consists of a program control thermal shock circuit consisting of a high temperature resistant metal filament, a take-up pulley, a direct current speed reducing motor, an adjustable direct current stabilized power supply, a microcomputer time control socket and an intermediate relay; the frame shell system consists of a lifting pipe, a butt flange water jacket and a mounting door; the gas supply system consists of gas inlet pipe, flowmeter, gas outlet pipe and valve. The material thermal fatigue testing machine device has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, automation, flexibility, various functions, simple and reasonable program control circuit and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material tests, in particular to a multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine.
Background
Thermal fatigue refers to a phenomenon that a material is damaged to crack due to alternating compressive and tensile stresses caused by a difference in thermal expansion/contraction of a tool surface under an alternating temperature condition without being subjected to an external load. Hot work die steel is an operating die used for manufacturing workpieces and other hot work parts by pressing metal or liquid metal heated above recrystallization temperature, and is widely applied to the fields of die casting dies, forging dies, hot extrusion dies, die forging dies, ultrahigh strength structural members and the like. In metal hot forming applications such as stamping, forging or die casting, the contact between the tool and the hot workpiece or molten metal, the extreme conditions of alternating cold and heat and varying mechanical load, limit the useful life of the die. The common reason for the early loss of the hot working die, particularly the die-casting die, is thermal fatigue failure which accounts for about 80 percent of the total failure of the aluminum alloy die-casting die.
Although the thermal fatigue failure is taken as a first failure mechanism of hot-work die steel, general attention is paid, and domestic and foreign researches on a thermal fatigue performance test method are carried out, a unified test method is not available up to now, a relatively common Uddeholm (Uddeholm) thermal fatigue test method is limited in popularization, particularly, used test equipment depends on self-control, so that the used test equipment and method are different, a salt bath circulating heating method is adopted, the method is troublesome and time-consuming, a flame heating method is also adopted, the temperature is difficult to control, and the test result is greatly influenced. A heating system is formed by a high-temperature resistance furnace, a control system is formed by circuit elements with wide sources in life, such as a circulating water quenching circuit, an electronic microcomputer time control socket and an intermediate relay, so that the alternating circulation of descending → a cold area → ascending → heat preservation of a sample is realized, and the thermal fatigue failure can be well simulated. Meanwhile, when the test sample is not subjected to temperature cycle alternation, the material can be subjected to annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering treatment; lifting of wineThe existence of the descending mechanism can enable the repeated tapping time and temperature to be simple and controllable; the presence of a gas supply system allows atmospheric protection of the material (e.g.N)2、Ar、H2Etc.) of the demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine which is simple, reliable, automatic, flexible, reasonable in structure, low in cost, complete in function, strong in operability and easy to popularize and use.
The testing machine comprises a heating and temperature control system, a cooling system, a sample lifting program control system, a machine frame shell system and an air supply system. The heating and temperature control system consists of a heating furnace, a furnace shell, a thermocouple and a program temperature control instrument, the cooling system consists of a water tank, a soaking stirrer, a water supply and drainage pipe, an isolation water jacket and a water temperature thermometer, the sample lifting program control system consists of a high-temperature resistant metal filament, a take-up pulley, a direct current speed reduction motor and a program control thermal shock circuit, the rack enclosure system consists of a lifting pipe, a butt flange water jacket and a mounting door, and the gas supply system consists of a gas inlet pipe, a flowmeter, a gas outlet pipe and a valve. The basin is located the testing machine lower extreme, the basin lower part sets up soaking agitator and delivery port, basin upper portion sets up the water filling port, supply and drain pipe inserts the water filling port, the basin top sets up the flange water jacket, insert the temperature thermometer on the flange water jacket, the stove outer covering is installed on the flange water jacket, be the heating furnace in the stove outer covering, set up the thermocouple on the heating furnace, heating furnace connection procedure accuse temperature instrument, the stove outer covering lower part sets up intake pipe and flowmeter, stove outer covering upper portion sets up outlet duct and valve, the stove outer covering covers the isolation water jacket, set up the fall way on the isolation water jacket, fall way upper portion sets up the installation door and installs direct current gear motor, direct current gear motor connects programme-controlled circuit and take-up pulley, it has high temperature resistant
The program control thermal shock circuit consists of an adjustable direct current stabilized power supply, a microcomputer time control socket I, a microcomputer time control socket II, an intermediate relay I and an intermediate relay II.
The model of the adjustable direct current stabilized power supply is 15 W.AC.220V.DC.0-24V.
The model of the microcomputer time control socket I and the microcomputer time control socket II is a B-198A multifunctional timer produced by Spine electronics Limited.
The first intermediate relay and the second intermediate relay are conventional small solid relays.
The furnace temperature program control instrument adopts a computer program control furnace temperature controller produced by Xiamen electronic automation science and technology Limited, and has the function of presetting the process instructions of the furnace temperature with different heating rates, highest temperatures, heat preservation time and cycle sections at any time or finishing the furnace temperature constant temperature heat preservation task in the longest time, and the model of the temperature controller is AI708-OUTK 5.
The model of the direct current speed reducing motor is XD-25GA370, DV:12V.r/min: 300.
The isolation water jacket is used for preventing the high temperature of the heating furnace from heating the direct current speed reducing motor and the metal wire for hanging the sample, and simultaneously preventing all rubber sealing rings on the upper lifting pipe from overheating and losing efficacy.
The water jacket of the butt flange plays a role of preventing the upper furnace temperature from radiating and heating to the lower water tank besides playing a role of butt sealing between the upper furnace shell and the lower water tank.
The gas inlet pipe, the flowmeter, the gas outlet pipe and the valve are used for meeting the requirement of the sample on the environment atmosphere during heating, and H is quantitatively led into the heating furnace through timing the gas inlet pipe and the flowmeter2、N2Ar to realize bright quenching or surface reduction quenching test, introducing CO and CH4When the carburizing gas is equal, the surface carburizing and quenching test can be realized, and O is introduced2Or Cl2When corrosive gas is used, tests such as oxidation weight increase or chlorination corrosion can be realized.
The sample lifting program control system can execute the commands of heat preservation → descending cooling, delayed cooling, cooling ending → ascending heat preservation and delayed heat preservation.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the testing machine device is simple in structure, simple and reasonable in program control circuit and low in cost, can well simulate thermal fatigue failure and efficient heat treatment, and can also carry out thermal weight increment, oxidation resistance, nitridation and heat treatment operations under various atmospheres besides measuring the thermal fatigue performance of materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the programmed thermal shock of the multifunctional fully automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-heating and temperature control system, 1.1-heating furnace, 1.2-furnace shell, 1.3-thermocouple, 1.4-program temperature control instrument, 2.1-water tank, 2.2-soaking stirrer, 2.3-water supply and drainage pipe, 2.4-water temperature thermometer, 2.5-isolation water jacket, 3.1-program control thermal shock circuit, 3.2-direct current speed reducing motor, 3.3-take-up pulley, 3.4-high temperature resistant metal filament, 4.1-lifting pipe, 4.2-butt flange water jacket, 4.3-installation door, 5.1-air inlet pipe and flowmeter, 5.2-air outlet pipe and valve, 6-adjustable direct current, 7-microcomputer time control socket I, 8-microcomputer time control socket II, 9-intermediate relay I, 10-intermediate relay II.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine.
As shown in figure 1, the testing machine comprises a heating and temperature control system 1, a cooling system, a sample lifting program control system, a machine frame shell system and an air supply system. The heating and temperature control system 1 consists of a heating furnace 1.1, a furnace shell 1.2, a thermocouple 1.3 and a program temperature control instrument 1.4, the cooling system consists of a water tank 2.1, a soaking stirrer 2.2, a water supply and drainage pipe 2.3, an isolation water jacket 2.5 and a water temperature thermometer 2.4, the sample lifting program control system consists of a high-temperature resistant metal filament 3.4, a take-up pulley 3.3, a direct current speed reducing motor 3.2 and a program control thermal shock circuit 3.1, the rack machine shell system consists of a lifting pipe 4.1, a butt flange water jacket 4.2 and a mounting door 4.3, and the gas supply system consists of a gas inlet pipe, a flowmeter 5.1, a gas outlet pipe and a valve 5.2.
The following detailed description will be given with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the testing machine mainly comprises a heating and temperature control system 1, a cooling system, a sample lifting program control system, a machine frame shell system and an air supply system.
As shown in fig. 2, the sample lifting program control circuit 3.1 is composed of an adjustable direct current stabilized voltage power supply 6, a microcomputer time control socket I7, a microcomputer time control socket II 8, an intermediate relay I9 and an intermediate relay II 10, wherein in practical application, the model of the adjustable direct current stabilized voltage power supply 6 is 15 w.AC.220V.DC.0-24V; the model of the two microcomputer time control sockets is a B-198A multifunctional timer produced by Spine electronics (Dalian) Limited company; the two intermediate relays are conventional small solid-state relays. The micromotor for controlling the lifting of the sample is a direct current speed reducing motor with the model number of XD-25GA370, DV:12V.r/min: 300. The program control instrument of the furnace temperature in the heating and temperature control system adopts a computer program control (20-section) furnace temperature controller produced by Xiamen electronic automation science and technology Limited, and has the function of presetting the process instructions of the furnace temperature with different heating rates, highest temperatures, heat preservation time and cycle times at any time or finishing the constant temperature heat preservation task of the furnace temperature with the longest time. The model of the temperature controller is AI708-OUTK 5.
The sample lifting program control circuit executes the alternate circulation of the up and down movement of the sample, and the principle and the operation are as follows:
when the sample descends into water, the circuit executes a heat preservation → cooling descending command, the microcomputer time control socket I7 works, the intermediate relay I9 is closed at the moment, the descending circuit is connected, and the motor 3.2 automatically rotates forwards;
after the sample is sent into water, the program control circuit executes a cooling command, the first microcomputer time control socket 7 stops, the first intermediate relay 9 is disconnected, the motor 3.2 stops, the sample is in the water, and after the set cooling time is finished, the task of the first microcomputer time control socket 7 is finished. The other microcomputer time control socket II 8 immediately executes the ascending instruction of the sample;
after the sample is cooled by water and needs to be heated in an ascending mode, the program control circuit 3.1 executes a cooling → heat preservation ascending instruction, at the moment, the microcomputer time control socket II 8 works, namely the intermediate relay II 10 is closed, the ascending circuit is connected, the motor 3.2 rotates reversely, the sample enters the furnace, is lifted upwards according to the set starting time and is kept still in the furnace according to the set heat preservation time period;
and executing a heat preservation command, stopping the microcomputer time control socket II 8, disconnecting the intermediate relay II 10, disconnecting the ascending line, stopping the rotation of the motor 3.2, and stopping the sample in the furnace according to the set heat preservation time.
The above procedure is repeated.
The temperature control system consisting of the thermocouple 1.3 and the temperature controller 1.4 stabilizes the test temperature, and the temperature of circulating water in the water tank is generally controlled at 18 +/-5 ℃.
The operation sequence of the multifunctional full-automatic thermal fatigue testing machine is as follows:
s1: and (4) starting the temperature controller, and keeping the temperature for a long time after the temperature in the resistance furnace rises to the target upper limit temperature.
S2: and setting a circulation mode of a first microcomputer time control socket 7, wherein the working time is the descending time, and the stopping time interval is the cooling time + the ascending time + the heat preservation time.
S3: and setting a circulation mode of a second microcomputer time control socket 8, wherein the working time is the rising time, and the stopping time interval is the heat preservation time, the rising time and the cooling time.
S4: the microcomputer time control socket I7 works, a heat preservation → cooling descending command is executed, the intermediate relay I9 is closed, a descending circuit is connected, and the motor 3.2 rotates forwards; the heated sample in the resistance furnace descends to the cooling system.
S5: and (3) stopping the first microcomputer time control socket (7), executing a cooling command, disconnecting the first intermediate relay (9), disconnecting the descending line, stopping the rotation of the motor (3.2), and quenching the sample to the water temperature in the cooling system.
S6: after the descending time and the cooling time after the starting time of the first microcomputer time control socket 7, the second microcomputer time control socket 8 works, a cooling → heat preservation ascending command is executed, the second intermediate relay 10 is closed, an ascending circuit is connected, and the motor 3.2 rotates reversely; the sample in the cooling zone rises to the resistance furnace to be heated.
S7: and (3) stopping the microcomputer time control socket II 8, executing a heat preservation command, disconnecting the intermediate relay II 10, disconnecting the ascending line, stopping the rotation of the motor 3.2, and preserving heat of the sample in the heating system.
S8: and the microcomputer time control socket I7 completes one working cycle, and the working cycle is sequentially cycled according to the steps.
And recording the starting time and the ending time of the multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine, and obtaining the test week through a digital counter.
The two microcomputer time control sockets and the two intermediate relays arranged in the control system circuit have the functions of controlling the sample to enter or leave the heat preservation area and the cooling area within the preset time and controlling the retention time of the heat preservation area and the cooling area, and the control system consisting of the thermocouple 1.3 and the temperature controller 1.4 stabilizes the test temperature and improves the cooling speed of the sample by circulating water. The sample is rapidly heated by utilizing the heat conduction effect of the high-temperature resistance furnace, the sample is rapidly cooled to the lower limit temperature by utilizing water after reaching the upper limit temperature, the sample generates thermal stress due to internal constraint, and the surface of the sample generates thermal cracks with different damage degrees under the action of the thermal stress after heating-cooling circulation for certain times.
The rotation speed and the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 3.2 are controlled by the adjustable direct current stabilized voltage power supply 6 and the lifting program control circuit 3.1, so that the ascending and descending speeds are adjustable, and the starting time is adjustable.
When the equipment is used for conventional heat treatment such as quenching, annealing, tempering and normalizing, the motor 3.2 can not perform ascending-descending circular motion by adjusting the program control thermal shock circuit 3.1, the annealing (in a high-temperature furnace), normalizing (in the high-temperature furnace), quenching (in the high-temperature furnace → a water tank) and tempering (in the high-temperature furnace) treatment of the material can be realized, the lifting mechanism can simply and easily control the repeated tapping time and temperature in the heat treatment process, and the gas supply system can realize the atmosphere protection (such as N) of the material2、Ar、H2Etc.).
Adopt above scheme, this testing machine's advantage lies in: the device is simple and reliable, has complete functions, is automatic and flexible, has reasonable structure, low cost and high practicability, and can well simulate thermal fatigue failure and high-efficiency heat treatment.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a hot fatigue testing machine of multi-functional full-automatic material which characterized in that: the device comprises a heating and temperature control system (1), a cooling system, a sample lifting program control system, a rack enclosure system and an air supply system, wherein the heating and temperature control system (1) comprises a heating furnace (1.1), a furnace shell (1.2), a thermocouple (1.3) and a program temperature control instrument (1.4), the cooling system comprises a water tank (2.1), a soaking stirrer (2.2), a water supply and drainage pipe (2.3), an isolation water jacket (2.5) and a water temperature thermometer (2.4), the sample lifting program control system comprises a high-temperature-resistant metal filament (3.4), a take-up pulley (3.3), a direct-current speed reduction motor (3.2) and a program control circuit (3.1), the rack enclosure system comprises a lifting pipe (4.1), a butt-joint flange water jacket (4.2) and a mounting door (4.3), and the air supply system comprises an air inlet pipe, a flowmeter (5.1), an air outlet pipe and;
the water tank (2.1) is positioned at the lowest part of the testing machine, the soaking stirrer (2.2) and the water outlet are arranged at the lower part of the water tank (2.1), the water filling port is arranged at the upper part of the water tank (2.1), the water supply and drainage pipe (2.3) is inserted into the water filling port, the butt flange water jacket (4.2) is arranged above the water tank (2.1), the water temperature thermometer (2.4) is inserted onto the butt flange water jacket (4.2), the furnace shell (1.2) is arranged on the butt flange water jacket (4.2), the heating furnace (1.1) is internally provided with the heating furnace (1.1), the heating furnace (1.1) is provided with the thermocouple (1.3), the heating furnace (1.1) is connected with the program temperature control instrument (1.4), the lower part of the furnace shell (1.2) is provided with the flowmeter (5.1), the air outlet pipe and the valve (5.2) are arranged at the upper part of the furnace shell (1.2), the isolation water jacket (1.2) is covered with the isolation water jacket (2), the direct current reduction motor (3) is arranged at the upper part of the, the direct current speed reducing motor (3.2) is connected with the program control thermal shock circuit (3.1) and the take-up pulley (3.3), and the high temperature resistant metal filament (3.4) is wound on the take-up pulley (3.3).
2. The multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the program control thermal shock circuit (3.1) comprises an adjustable direct current stabilized power supply (6), a microcomputer time control socket I (7), a microcomputer time control socket II (8), an intermediate relay I (9) and an intermediate relay II (10).
3. The multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the type of the adjustable direct current stabilized power supply (6) is 15 W.AC.220V.DC.0-24V.
4. The multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the model of the direct current speed reducing motor (3.2) is XD-25GA370, DV:12V.r/min: 300.
5. The multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the isolation water jacket (2.5) prevents the high temperature of the heating furnace (1.1) from heating the direct current speed reducing motor (3.2) and the metal wire for hanging the sample, and simultaneously prevents all rubber sealing rings on the upper lifting pipe (4.1) from overheating and losing efficacy.
6. The multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the butting flange water jacket (4.2) plays a role in preventing the upper furnace temperature from radiating and heating to the lower water tank (2.1) besides playing a role in butting and sealing the upper furnace shell and the lower water tank (2.1).
7. The multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air inlet pipe and the flowmeter (5.1) quantitatively introduce H into the heating furnace2、N2Ar to realize bright quenching or surface reduction quenching test, introducing CO and CH4When carburizing gas is used, the surface carburizing and quenching test can be realized, and O is introduced2Or Cl2The oxidation weight gain or chlorination corrosion test can be realized when corrosive gas is used.
8. The multifunctional full-automatic material thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sample lifting program control system realizes the commands of heat preservation → descending cooling, delayed cooling, cooling termination → ascending heat preservation and delayed heat preservation through a circuit.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112098255A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2020-12-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局 | Glass insulator thermal shock test equipment |
| CN114062415A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-18 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Thermal fatigue testing machine control method and thermal fatigue testing machine |
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| CN112098255A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2020-12-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局 | Glass insulator thermal shock test equipment |
| CN114062415A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-18 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Thermal fatigue testing machine control method and thermal fatigue testing machine |
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Application publication date: 20200515 |