CN111157220B - Strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance - Google Patents
Strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance Download PDFInfo
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- CN111157220B CN111157220B CN202010173272.7A CN202010173272A CN111157220B CN 111157220 B CN111157220 B CN 111157220B CN 202010173272 A CN202010173272 A CN 202010173272A CN 111157220 B CN111157220 B CN 111157220B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/062—Wind tunnel balances; Holding devices combined with measuring arrangements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Force In General (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance. The surface friction resistance measuring balance is of an integrated structure, and the main body is a cylinder; the upper half part of the cylinder is provided with a through hole I and a through hole II which are bilaterally symmetrical, the upper side and the lower side of the through hole I and the through hole II are straight edges, the left side and the right side of the through hole I and the through hole II are arc edges, a reserved entity between the through hole I and the through hole II is an X1 measuring beam, the projection shapes of the upper section and the lower section of the X1 measuring beam are symmetrical arcs, and the projection shape of the middle section of the X1 measuring beam is rectangular; the entity reserved outside the through hole I and the through hole II are separated through symmetrical straight slits to form symmetrical X1 overload protection slits; the lower half part of the cylinder is provided with a similar through hole III and a similar through hole IV, so that an X2 measuring beam and an X2 overload protection slit are obtained; the X1 measuring beam is vertical to the X2 measuring beam; the surface friction resistance measuring balance can simultaneously measure the surface friction resistance of the model and the surface of the aircraft in two perpendicular directions, and can realize accurate measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance.
Background
The surface friction resistance is the resultant force of shearing forces applied to the surface of the aircraft, is an important component of the aircraft resistance, and has great significance for the aircraft design in accurate measurement. Currently, there are a number of difficulties with surface friction resistance measurement techniques: in order to reduce the surface damage of the model or the aircraft, only a small-area surface can be measured, the friction resistance of the small-area surface is small, and the measuring balance is required to have high enough resolution; in order to facilitate installation and not affect the aircraft structure, the measurement balance is required to be small in volume; for a real aircraft, the flight direction is inconsistent with the attitude of the aircraft and is changed all the time, so that the total surface friction resistance can be synthesized by measuring the surface friction resistance in two perpendicular directions; the normal load borne by the surface of the model and the aircraft is far greater than the surface friction resistance, and the hypersonic wind tunnel is also required to face the impact load in the process of switching the vehicle, so that the measuring balance is required to have higher structural rigidity and strength, and has an overload protection function. The current surface friction resistance balance has large universal size, low measurement resolution and only single-component measurement, and the problems are difficult to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance.
The invention relates to a strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises an upper connecting end, an X1 measuring beam, an X1 overload protection slot, an X2 measuring beam, a fixed end and a rectangular positioning block;
the surface friction resistance measuring balance is of an integrated structure, and the main body is a cylinder;
the upper half part of the cylinder is provided with a through hole I and a through hole II which are bilaterally symmetrical, the upper edge and the lower edge of the through hole I and the through hole II are straight edges, the left edge and the right edge of the through hole I and the through hole II are arc edges, a reserved entity between the through hole I and the through hole II is an X1 measuring beam, the projection shape of the upper section and the lower section of the X1 measuring beam is a symmetrical arc shape, and the projection shape of the middle section of the X1 measuring beam is a rectangle; the entity reserved outside the through hole I and the through hole II are separated through symmetrical straight slits to form symmetrical X1 overload protection slits;
the lower half part of the cylinder is provided with a through hole III and a through hole IV which are symmetrical in front-back direction, the upper edge and the lower edge of the through hole III and the through hole IV are straight edges, the left edge and the right edge of the through hole III and the through hole IV are arc edges, a reserved entity between the through hole III and the through hole IV is an X2 measuring beam, the projection shape of the upper section and the lower section of the X2 measuring beam is a symmetrical arc shape, and the projection shape of the middle section of the X2 measuring beam is a rectangle; the entity reserved outside the through hole III and the through hole IV are separated through symmetrical straight slits to form symmetrical X2 overload protection slits;
the X1 measuring beam and the X2 measuring beam are vertical, and the X1 measuring beam and the X2 measuring beam respectively measure two vertical surface friction resistance components;
the center of the top end of the cylinder is provided with an upper connecting end;
the lower end of the cylinder is fixed with a fixed end, the diameter of the fixed end is larger than that of the cylinder, and the lower surface of the fixed end is fixed with a rectangular positioning block;
two parallel resistance strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of the middle position of the middle section of the X1 measuring beam, the serial numbers of one side of the resistance strain gauges are A1 and A3, the serial numbers of the other side of the resistance strain gauges are A2 and A4, and the serial numbers of the other side of the resistance strain gauges, A1, A2, A3 and A4 form an X1 Wheatstone bridge; two parallel resistance strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of the middle position of the middle section of the X2 measuring beam, the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on one side are B1 and B3, the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on the other side are B2 and B4, and the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on the other side are B1, B2, B3 and B4, which correspond to each other, form an X2 Wheatstone bridge.
The width range of the X1 overload protection seam and the X2 overload protection seam is 0.08 mm-0.14 mm.
The surface friction resistance measuring balance is made of 7075 aluminum alloy and is treated by adopting a T6 heat treatment process.
The thickness of the middle sections of the X1 measuring beam and the X2 measuring beam is 0.16 mm-0.24 mm.
The strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance is a two-component wind tunnel balance, and is provided with an X1 measuring beam and an X2 measuring beam which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the X1 measuring beam and the X2 measuring beam respectively and independently measure two perpendicular surface friction resistance components, when a load of one component acts independently, only the Wheatstone bridge of the component has larger output, and the Wheatstone bridge of the other component has basically no output. The X1 measuring beam and the X2 measuring beam are designed according to the stress concentration principle, the rigidity is good, and the bridge output is large when being stressed.
According to the strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance, the X1 overload protection joint and the X2 overload protection joint can play a role in limiting and protecting, and when the surface friction resistance measuring balance is stressed excessively, the X1 overload protection joint or the X2 overload protection joint is closed, so that the surface friction resistance measuring balance is prevented from generating excessive deformation, and the protection effect is achieved.
The strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance can realize accurate measurement of the friction resistance of the surface of a model and an aircraft, can measure the surface friction resistance in two perpendicular directions at the same time, has high resolution, is typically 0.02N in measuring range, and can be used for distinguishing 0.0002N at the minimum.
The strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance has the diameter equivalent to the size of a measuring surface, has high rigidity along the normal direction of the measuring surface, has an overload protection function, can be used for measuring the friction resistance of the surface of an aircraft model in a wind tunnel test, can be used for measuring the friction resistance of the surface of an aircraft by an actual aircraft, and has high popularization and application values.
The strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance has the advantages of simple structure, small size, simple installation and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a strain two-component surface friction resistance measurement balance of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a strain two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the strain two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a strain two-component surface friction resistance measurement balance of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the strain two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance of the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a schematic illustration of the attachment position of the strain two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance of the present invention in the X1 measuring Liang Dianzu strain gauge;
FIG. 6b is an X1 Wheatstone bridge of a strain two-component surface friction resistance measurement scale of the present invention;
FIG. 6c is a schematic illustration of the attachment position of the strain two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance of the present invention in the X2 gauge Liang Dianzu strain gauge;
FIG. 6d is an X2 Wheatstone bridge of a strain two-component surface friction resistance measurement scale of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary assembly of a strain two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an aircraft or model shell 2, a measuring surface 3, a surface friction resistance measuring balance 4, a connecting piece 5, a set screw 6, a balance protection shell 7, an upper connecting end 8.x1 measuring beam 9.x1 overload protection slot 10.x2 overload protection slot 11.x2 measuring beam 12, a fixed end 13 and a rectangular positioning block;
the strain gauge number of the X1 Wheatstone bridge is: a1, A2, A3, A4; the strain gauge number of the X2 wheatstone bridge is: b1, B2, B3, B4.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance of the present invention comprises: the upper connecting end 7, the X1 measuring beam 8, the X1 overload protection slit 9, the X2 overload protection slit 10, the X2 measuring beam 11, the fixed end 12 and the rectangular positioning block 13;
the surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 is of an integrated structure, and the main body is a cylinder;
the upper half part of the cylinder is provided with a through hole I and a through hole II which are bilaterally symmetrical, the upper edge and the lower edge of the through hole I and the through hole II are straight edges, the left edge and the right edge of the through hole I and the through hole II are arc edges, a reserved entity between the through hole I and the through hole II is an X1 measuring beam 8, the projection shape of the upper section and the lower section of the X1 measuring beam 8 is a symmetrical arc shape, and the projection shape of the middle section of the X1 measuring beam 8 is a rectangle; the entity reserved outside the through hole I and the through hole II are separated through symmetrical straight slits to form symmetrical X1 overload protection slits 9;
the lower half part of the cylinder is provided with a through hole III and a through hole IV which are symmetrical in front-back direction, the upper edge and the lower edge of the through hole III and the through hole IV are straight edges, the left edge and the right edge of the through hole III and the through hole IV are arc edges, a reserved entity between the through hole III and the through hole IV is an X2 measuring beam 11, the projection shape of the upper section and the lower section of the X2 measuring beam 11 is a symmetrical arc shape, and the projection shape of the middle section of the X2 measuring beam 11 is a rectangle; the entities reserved outside the through hole III and the through hole IV are separated through symmetrical straight slits to form symmetrical X2 overload protection slits 10;
the X1 measuring beam 8 and the X2 measuring beam 11 are vertical, and the X1 measuring beam 8 and the X2 measuring beam 11 respectively measure two vertical surface friction resistance components;
the center of the top end of the cylinder is provided with an upper connecting end 7;
the lower end of the cylinder is fixed with a fixed end 12, the diameter of the fixed end 12 is larger than that of the cylinder, and the lower surface of the fixed end 12 is fixed with a rectangular positioning block 13;
as shown in fig. 6a to 6d, two parallel resistance strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of the middle position of the middle section of the X1 measuring beam 8, the numbers of one side of the resistance strain gauges are A1 and A3, the numbers of the other side of the resistance strain gauges are A2 and A4, and the corresponding numbers of the other side of the resistance strain gauges are A1, A2, A3 and A4 form an X1 wheatstone bridge; two parallel resistance strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of the middle position of the middle section of the X2 measuring beam 11, the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on one side are B1 and B3, the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on the other side are B2 and B4, and the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on the other side are B1, B2, B3 and B4, which correspond to each other, form an X2 Wheatstone bridge.
The width range of the X1 overload protection slit 9 and the X2 overload protection slit 10 is 0.08 mm-0.14 mm.
The surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 is made of 7075 aluminum alloy and is treated by a T6 heat treatment process.
The thickness of the middle sections of the X1 measuring beam 8 and the X2 measuring beam 11 is 0.16 mm-0.24 mm.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 7, the surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 of the embodiment is provided with a matched balance protection shell 6, the balance protection shell 6 is a cylinder with a closed bottom, the surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 is covered from bottom to top, the surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 and the balance protection shell 6 are connected in a surface matching manner, are positioned by a rectangular positioning block 13, and are fixed by tightening a bottom screw; the surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 is connected with the connecting piece 4 in a column matching way and is fixed through the set screw 5. The measuring surface 2 is connected to the connecting piece 4, the balance protection shell 6 is installed in the aircraft shell to be measured, the gap around the measuring surface is adjusted, different measuring surfaces 2 can be adapted by using the connecting pieces 4 with different sizes, and measuring lines are led out from proper positions at the bottom or the side according to the model or the internal structure condition of the aircraft.
In wind tunnel test or real flight process of the aircraft, the shearing force acting on the measuring surface 2 is transmitted to the surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 through the connecting piece 4, so that the X1 measuring beam 8 and the X2 measuring beam 11 deform, the Wheatstone bridge adhered to the measuring beam loses the original balance to generate voltage signal increment, and the surface friction resistance is obtained through the corresponding relation between the output voltage of the Wheatstone bridge and the loaded load, and the surface friction resistance measurement is completed.
The surface frictional resistance measurement balance 3 in the present embodiment is connected to the balance protective housing 6 through the fixed end 12 and the rectangular positioning block 13, so that the transmission of the connection stress to the surface frictional resistance measurement balance 3 can be avoided, and the reliability of the surface frictional resistance measurement balance 3 can be improved.
The balance protective housing 6 in this embodiment can function to protect the balance, isolate the internal air flow, fix the measurement lines and connect with the aircraft skin.
The connecting piece 4 is added between the measuring surface 2 and the surface friction resistance measuring balance 3, so that a single surface friction resistance measuring balance 3 can adapt to a plurality of measuring surfaces 2 of different types, and the position of the measuring surface 2 can be conveniently replaced and adjusted.
Claims (4)
1. A strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance, characterized in that the surface friction resistance measuring balance (3) comprises: the X2 overload protection device comprises an upper connecting end (7), an X1 measuring beam (8), an X1 overload protection slot (9), an X2 overload protection slot (10), an X2 measuring beam (11), a fixed end (12) and a rectangular positioning block (13);
the surface friction resistance measuring balance (3) is of an integrated structure, and the main body is a cylinder;
the upper half part of the cylinder is provided with a through hole I and a through hole II which are bilaterally symmetrical, the upper edge and the lower edge of the through hole I and the through hole II are straight edges, the left edge and the right edge of the through hole I and the through hole II are arc edges, a reserved entity between the through hole I and the through hole II is an X1 measuring beam (8), the projection shape of the upper section and the lower section of the X1 measuring beam (8) is a symmetrical arc shape, and the projection shape of the middle section of the X1 measuring beam (8) is a rectangle; the entity reserved outside the through hole I and the through hole II are separated through symmetrical straight slits to form symmetrical X1 overload protection slits (9);
the lower half part of the cylinder is provided with a through hole III and a through hole IV which are symmetrical front and back, the upper edge and the lower edge of the through hole III and the through hole IV are straight edges, the left edge and the right edge of the through hole III and the through hole IV are arc edges, a reserved entity between the through hole III and the through hole IV is an X2 measuring beam (11), the projection shape of the upper section and the lower section of the X2 measuring beam (11) is a symmetrical arc shape, and the projection shape of the middle section of the X2 measuring beam (11) is a rectangle; the entities reserved outside the through hole III and the through hole IV are separated through symmetrical straight slits to form symmetrical X2 overload protection slits (10);
the X1 measuring beam (8) and the X2 measuring beam (11) are vertical, and the X1 measuring beam (8) and the X2 measuring beam (11) respectively measure two vertical surface friction resistance components;
an upper connecting end (7) is arranged at the center of the top end of the cylinder;
the lower end of the cylinder is fixed with a fixed end (12), the diameter of the fixed end (12) is larger than that of the cylinder, and the lower surface of the fixed end (12) is fixed with a rectangular positioning block (13);
two parallel resistance strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of the middle position of the middle section of the X1 measuring beam (8), the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on one side are A1 and A3, the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on the other side are A2 and A4, and the A1, A2, A3 and A4 form an X1 Wheatstone bridge; two parallel resistance strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of the middle position of the middle section of the X2 measuring beam (11), the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on one side are B1 and B3, the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on the other side are B2 and B4, and the numbers of the resistance strain gauges on the other side are B1, B2, B3 and B4, which correspond to each other, form an X2 Wheatstone bridge.
2. The strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance according to claim 1, wherein the width of the overload protection slit (9) and the overload protection slit (10) of the X1 and the X2 ranges from 0.08mm to 0.14mm.
3. The strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance according to claim 1, wherein the material of the surface friction resistance measuring balance (3) is 7075 aluminum alloy, and the strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance is processed by adopting a T6 heat treatment process.
4. The strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the middle sections of the X1 measuring beam (8) and the X2 measuring beam (11) is 0.16 mm-0.24 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010173272.7A CN111157220B (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010173272.7A CN111157220B (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance |
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| CN111157220A CN111157220A (en) | 2020-05-15 |
| CN111157220B true CN111157220B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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| US20150160083A1 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-06-11 | Mts Systems Corporation | Platform Balance |
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