CN111157156A - Super-magnetostrictive and tunnel magnetoresistive composite rotating part torque testing method - Google Patents
Super-magnetostrictive and tunnel magnetoresistive composite rotating part torque testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111157156A CN111157156A CN202010041569.8A CN202010041569A CN111157156A CN 111157156 A CN111157156 A CN 111157156A CN 202010041569 A CN202010041569 A CN 202010041569A CN 111157156 A CN111157156 A CN 111157156A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
- G01L3/102—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving magnetostrictive means
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing torque of a rotating part by combining giant magnetostriction and tunnel magnetoresistance. Firstly, model selection calculation is carried out, the shaft material and the shaft diameter of the testing device are determined, the material and the size of the annular permanent magnet are determined, and the distance between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet is determined; then, mounting the components to form a torque testing device; then carrying out system calibration and taking the massm i The weight is hung at one end of the lever, i.e. torque is appliedT i The resulting output voltage isU i Repeating the experiment for not less than 5 times; to pairT i AndU i performing fitting treatment to obtain sensitivityk(ii) a Finally, the device which finishes the sensitivity calibration is connected into the tested system through a coupler, and the sensitivity is utilizedkAnd calculating to obtain the torque of the rotating member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite totally-enclosed non-contact rotating member torque testing method of a Giant Magnetostrictive Material (GMM) and a Tunnel Magnetoresistive (TMR), belonging to the field of rotating member torque testing of power mechanical devices.
Background
With the rise of aerospace, ship heavy industry and automobile industry in China, the industrial automation and intelligence degree is higher and higher, and higher requirements are put forward for the safety and reliability of large-scale complex power machinery transmission systems. The rotating part is a key part for implementing power transmission, and is particularly critical for accurately and effectively measuring dynamic parameters of the rotating part. Through the measurement of the dynamic parameters of each rotating part, the transmission efficiency of the whole power mechanical transmission system is scientifically evaluated, so that problems are found and solved, and the power mechanical transmission system is operated safely and reliably.
The torque is an important parameter for representing the power of rotating parts such as transmission shafts, connecting rods and the like of power mechanical devices such as vehicles, ships and warships and the like. The torque test is divided into a contact method and a non-contact method according to a transmission mode, wherein the contact method mainly comprises the steps that a resistance strain gauge constructs a direct current bridge, an electric brush type collector ring is adopted for supplying power, but due to overlarge vibration, electric brushes are in poor contact to cause signal fluctuation, so that the problems of large measurement error, even unsuccessful measurement and the like are caused; the non-contact method mainly utilizes signal wireless transmission based on magnetoelastic, magnetoelectric and photoelectric sensors and wireless remote measurement, and has the problems of difficult sensor installation and power supply, easy interference on sensor signal transmission and the like due to the compact space of certain rotating parts and severe environments such as oil stains, dust and the like.
Aiming at the problem of accurate and reliable test of the torque of the rotating part in a narrow and compact space and an electromagnetic interference environment, the invention provides a totally-enclosed rotating part torque testing device based on the inverse magnetostriction effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing torque of a rotating part combining giant magnetostriction and tunnel magnetoresistance. The invention adopts the integration of the miniaturized sensitive unit and the shaft, the sensitive unit on the shaft does not need to be powered, and signals are output from the non-rotating part; the problem of sensor, test circuit and power supply part, the signal transmission part installation difficulty of the torque test of axis of rotation under narrow and small space environment is solved.
The invention is different from the prior testing method: in the conventional testing method, an induction coil is wound at a detection end for detection, but with the development of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the requirement of non-contact measurement, the change of a magnetic field at the detection end can be detected by the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor. The invention particularly relates to a tunnel magneto-resistive sensor which is installed at the detection end of a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material in a non-contact mode, wherein the tunnel magneto-resistive sensor converts a tiny magnetic field into an electric signal through a bridge circuit in a conditioning circuit, so that the non-contact measurement of the torque of a system to be detected can be realized.
The invention provides a rotating member torque testing method combining giant magnetostriction and tunnel magnetoresistance, which is realized by a rotating member torque testing device combining giant magnetostriction and tunnel magnetoresistance, wherein the device consists of an installation base, a shielding module, a sensing module, a circuit module and a signal transmission module;
the mounting base comprises a bracket, a screw, a left bearing buckle, a right bearing buckle, a shaft, a left fixed bearing, a right fixed bearing, a left rotating bearing and a right rotating bearing; the bracket is positioned at the bottommost part of the whole rotating part torque testing device, the left and right fixed bearings are placed in the two semicircular grooves on the bracket and fixed on the bracket through bearing buckles and screws, and the left and right fixed bearings and the left and right rotating bearings are fixed with the shaft in an interference fit manner;
the shielding module comprises a metal closed shell and a double-layer circular waveguide window; two layers of waveguide windows are installed on one side of the cylindrical side face of the totally-enclosed metal sealed shell, the metal sealed shell is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion along the axis, the upper portion and the lower portion of the metal sealed shell are respectively provided with a screw installation seat used for connection, the upper portion and the lower portion of the metal sealed shell are fixed through screws for the screw installation seats, and the joint is filled with an electromagnetic sealing gasket (the electromagnetic sealing gasket is an elastic substance with conductive surfaces, the gap is filled with the elastic substance, conductive non-connection points are eliminated, and leakage of electromagnetic waves can be reduced).
Two optical fibers are arranged on one side of the cylindrical surface of the metal closed shell, and are used for an optical fiber input channel for laser charging and an optical fiber output channel for data transmission, wherein the optical fiber output channel is connected with high-speed data acquisition equipment so as to be convenient for monitoring.
The sensing module comprises a shell, an annular permanent magnet, a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, a non-magnetic permeability material mounting seat and a tunnel magnetoresistive sensor; the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is fixed on the outer side of a shaft in an electroplating mode, the annular permanent magnet is fixed on the inner side of the shell in an interference fit and pasting mode and is arranged in the axial middle part of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, the installation distance between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet is not less than 2mm and not more than 5mm (according to the linear range of the selected tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, the magnetic field intensity generated by the annular permanent magnet at the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is determined to enable the annular permanent magnet to be in the maximum conversion range of the linear range), the magnetic sensitive surface faces towards the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet are separated by a non-magnetic-conductive material mounting seat (the distance between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the shaft is not prone to mechanical interference), the shell is divided into an upper half part and a lower half part, two ends of the shell are sleeved on rotating bearings on the left side and, The lower two parts are fixed by screws through screw mounting seats, and electromagnetic sealing gaskets are used for filling joints) so that the upper half part and the lower half part of the shell are fixed and tightly matched,
the circuit module comprises a conditioning circuit and a photovoltaic cell; the conditioning circuit is arranged on the inner side surface of the metal closed shell and consists of a differential amplification module, a filtering module, an AD acquisition module and a digital storage module in sequence, the output signal of the sensor is digitally processed in the metal closed shell, and the digitally processed signal can be stored locally or transmitted by optical fiber data. The photovoltaic cell supplies power to the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the conditioning circuit;
the signal transmission module comprises an optical fiber input channel, a laser receiving and transmitting module and an optical fiber output channel; the intersection of the optical fiber input channel and the optical fiber output channel with the metal closed shell is provided with two layers of circular waveguide windows;
the conditioning circuit, the photovoltaic cell, the heat dissipation aluminum sheet and the laser receiving and emitting module are arranged on the inner side surface of the metal closed shell, the conditioning circuit and the laser receiving and emitting module are arranged on the upper half part of the inner side of the metal closed shell, and the photovoltaic cell and the heat dissipation aluminum sheet are arranged on the lower half part of the metal closed shell;
the threading holes are positioned at the two ends of the shell and used for electrically connecting the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, the conditioning circuit, the photovoltaic cell and the laser receiving and emitting module;
the shaft coupling is sleeved on the shaft, is fixed with the shaft through a screw of the shaft coupling and is used for connecting a tested part;
the lever is fixed with the shaft in a threaded connection mode, is perpendicular to the shaft and is used for hanging weights when the sensitivity of a laboratory is calibrated;
the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is a circular film material, in particular to a Ni-Zn-Co rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, and is generally applied due to the improvement of the magnetostrictive coefficient lambda. The giant magnetostrictive material can convert mechanical energy (or mechanical displacement and information) into electromagnetic energy, has high conversion rate between the mechanical energy and the electrical energy at room temperature, large energy density, high response speed, good reliability, simple driving mode and very large magnetostrictive coefficient.
The annular permanent magnet is made of weak magnetic materials, and the magnetic induction intensity generated at the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is required to be within the linear range of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor according to simulation calculation, for example, the linear range of the TMR2501 tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is not less than 50Gs and not more than 150 Gs.
The installation mode of each part of the invention is only the structure, the installation mode of fixedly installing each part in the metal closed shell can be used, and the used installation structure is required to be a non-magnetic material installation seat. Specifically, for example, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material may be applied to the outer surface of the shaft by sputtering, vacuum evaporation coating, magnetron sputtering, vacuum plating, or the like.
The power supply and signal transmission of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the conditioning circuit adopt optical fiber transmission, wherein two layers of waveguide windows are arranged at the intersection of the optical fiber and the metal closed shell so as to realize a totally-enclosed structure, namely shielding part of electromagnetic interference.
The GMM and TMR composite totally-enclosed non-contact rotating member torque testing device provided by the invention shields an electromagnetic field of a testing environment through an electromagnetic totally-enclosed metal enclosed shell; carrying out system level calibration by hanging weights in a laboratory; after the calibration is completed, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material can convert the mechanical energy into an electromagnetic signal (namely, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is deformed by the rotation of the shaft, so that the relative magnetic conductivity of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is changed, the torque of the shaft is converted into the magnetic field intensity change by the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material), a closed magnetic loop is formed by rare earth giant magnetostrictive materials, an annular permanent magnet, a magnetic conductive material and a rotating shaft, the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is arranged in the magnetic loop to sense the magnetic field intensity change in the loop, the magnetic field intensity change is in direct proportion to the torque of the tested rotating member, the tunnel magnetic resistance sensor converts the magnetic field intensity change into a voltage signal to be output, the voltage output signal is subjected to differential amplification and amplification filtering of the conditioning circuit module to obtain an amplified voltage signal, and a measured signal is obtained through an external high-speed data acquisition device, so that the change of the torque of the measured rotating member is read.
The invention provides a testing method of the rotating member torque testing device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) type selection calculation: a. determining the shaft material and the shaft diameter of the testing device according to the range of the torque and the rotating speed of the tested rotating member and a mechanical design manual; b. according to Ansoft Maxwell, simulation calculation is carried out on the magnetic field of the annular permanent magnet and the induced magnetic field of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, the material and the size of the annular permanent magnet are determined, the distance d between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet is determined, and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the annular permanent magnet at the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is in the linear range of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor;
(2) and (3) component mounting: a. firstly, flatly placing a support, fixing a fixed bearing and a rotating bearing on a shaft in an interference fit mode, and fixing the fixed bearing on the support through a screw and a bearing buckle; b. coating a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material on the outer side of a shaft in an electroplating mode, fixing an annular permanent magnet on the inner side of a shell in an interference fit and pasting mode, placing the shell at the middle position of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, installing a non-magnetic-conductive material mounting seat with the thickness of d on the inner side of the annular permanent magnet in a pasting mode, and installing a tunnel magnetoresistive sensor between the non-magnetic-conductive material mounting seat and the giant magnetostrictive material and on the other surface of the non-magnetic-conductive material mounting seat in a pasting mode; then, the shell is buckled on the rotating bearing, and simultaneously, wires required by electric connection are led out from the threading holes; c. a conditioning circuit is arranged between a shell and a metal closed shell, a laser receiving and emitting module, a heat dissipation aluminum sheet and a photovoltaic cell are respectively arranged on the metal closed shell, the metal closed shell is buckled on the shell and is connected with the upper half part and the lower half part of the metal shell through a screw mounting seat by using screws, and joints of the metal closed shell and the shell are filled with electromagnetic sealing gaskets; d. selecting a coupling with a corresponding specification according to the shaft diameter of the measured rotating member;
(3) system calibration: a. after the components of the device are installed according to the step (2), sensitivity calibration is carried out in a laboratory by using a standard weight, the weight is fixed at one end of a lever in a hanging mode, and after the weight is hung, torque is generated on a shaft (the generated torque T is F multiplied by S and F is the gravity generated by the weight and can be calculated according to the weight of the weight)S is the distance from the force action point of the weight on the lever to the geometric center of the giant magnetostrictive material), the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material can convert mechanical energy into an electromagnetic signal (namely, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is deformed by the rotation of a shaft, so that the relative magnetic conductivity of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is changed, the torque of the shaft is converted into the magnetic field intensity change by the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material), a closed magnetic loop is formed among the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, the annular permanent magnet, the magnetic conductive material and the rotating shaft, the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is placed in the magnetic loop to sense the magnetic field intensity change in the loop, and then the output voltage U can be obtained from the conditioning circuit; b. no-load time-recording torque T without hanging weight0Is 0, the resulting output voltage is U0(ii) a c. Mass m takeniThe weight is hung at one end of the lever, i.e. torque T is appliediThe obtained output voltage is UiRepeating the experiment for not less than 5 times; d. for TiAnd UiFitting to obtain sensitivity k;
(4) test signals: the device for completing sensitivity calibration is connected into a tested system through a coupler, and the output voltage signal of the testing device is UCAccording to the formula Tc＝k×(Uc-U0) The torque signal T can be obtained by calculationC。
Note: a. minimum shaft diameter calculation (only torsional shear stress of the shaft is considered here):
the torsional strength of the shaft is:
in the formula tauT-torsional shear stress (MPa) of the shaft;
t-torque transmitted by the shaft (N.mm);
WTthe torsional section coefficient (mm) of the shaft3)；
P-Power transferred by the shaft (kW);
n-the rotational speed of the shaft (r/min);
[τT]-permissible torsional shear stress (MPa) of the shaft.
The minimum diameter of the shaft is
b. The material selection of the shaft is based on a mechanical design manual, is well known to those skilled in the art, and is not described in detail.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the integration of the miniaturized sensitive unit and the shaft, the sensitive unit on the shaft does not need to be powered, and signals are output from the non-rotating part; the technical problems of compact space of certain rotating parts and difficult and inaccurate test in severe environments such as oil stains, dust and the like are solved, and non-contact measurement in narrow and compact space is realized;
(2) the invention adopts the design of the totally-enclosed metal closed shell, optical fiber charging and optical fiber data transmission to improve the anti-electromagnetic interference performance of the system; the problems that the torque power supply of the rotating shaft is difficult and the signal output is easy to interfere are solved;
(3) the invention adopts system calibration, after each component of the testing device is installed, a load (hanging weight) is added to a shaft of the testing device under the laboratory environment, system-level calibration is carried out, and after calibration, the shaft is connected to a tested system through a coupler to carry out a test experiment, so that the problem that a new error is introduced when a sensor is installed after calibration in a metering room is solved;
(4) the torque testing device for the rotating part adopts a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, and has the advantages of high mechanical energy-electric energy conversion rate, high energy density, high response speed, good reliability and simple driving mode at room temperature;
(5) the rotating member torque testing device adopts a tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, and the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, small size, low power consumption and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the rotating member torque testing device.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the rotating member torque testing device.
Fig. 3 is a two-dimensional top view of the rotating member torque testing apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a partial two-dimensional schematic diagram of the testing principle of the rotating member torque testing device.
Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of a tunnel magnetoresistive sensor of the rotating member torque testing apparatus.
FIG. 6 is T calibrated by the system of the torque testing device for the rotating memberiAnd UiAnd (4) fitting a schematic diagram.
Wherein: 1-bracket, 2-left side bearing buckle, 3-screw, 4-right side bearing buckle, 5-coupler, 6-shell, 7-metal closed shell, 8-annular permanent magnet, 9-rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, 10-tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, 11-screw mounting seat, 12-threading hole, 13-lever, 14-shaft, 15 a-left side fixed bearing, 15 b-right side fixed bearing, 16 a-left side rotating bearing, 16 b-right side rotating bearing, 17-conditioning circuit, 18-laser receiving and emitting module, 19-photovoltaic cell, 20-radiating aluminum sheet, 21-optical fiber input channel, 22-optical fiber output channel, 23-circular waveguide window and 24-non-magnetic-conducting material mounting seat.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
the invention provides a torque test method for a rotating member combining giant magnetostriction and tunnel magnetoresistance, which is realized by a torque test device for a rotating member combining giant magnetostriction and tunnel magnetoresistance, wherein the device consists of an installation base, a shielding module, a sensing module, a circuit module and a signal transmission module, and is shown in figures 1-6;
the mounting base comprises a bracket 1, a screw 3, a left bearing buckle 2, a right bearing buckle 4, a shaft 14, a left fixed bearing 15a, a right fixed bearing 15b, a left rotating bearing 16a and a right rotating bearing 16 b; the bracket is positioned at the bottommost part of the whole rotating part torque testing device, the left and right fixed bearings are placed in the two semicircular grooves on the bracket and fixed on the bracket through bearing buckles and screws, and the left and right fixed bearings and the left and right rotating bearings are fixed with the shaft in an interference fit manner;
the shielding module comprises a metal closed shell 7 and a double-layer circular waveguide window 23; two layers of waveguide windows are installed on one side of the cylindrical side face of the totally-enclosed metal sealed shell, the metal sealed shell is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion along the axis, the upper portion and the lower portion of the metal sealed shell are respectively provided with a screw installation seat 11 used for connection, the upper portion and the lower portion of the metal sealed shell are fixed through the screw installation seats 11 through screws, and the joint is filled with an electromagnetic sealing gasket (the electromagnetic sealing gasket is an elastic substance with conductive surface, the gap is filled with the elastic substance, conductive non-connection points are eliminated, and leakage of electromagnetic waves can be reduced).
Two optical fibers are arranged on one side of the cylindrical surface of the metal closed shell, and are used for an optical fiber input channel 21 for laser charging and an optical fiber output channel 22 for data transmission, wherein the optical fiber output channel is connected with high-speed data acquisition equipment for monitoring.
The sensing module comprises a shell 6, an annular permanent magnet 8, a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material 9, a non-magnetic conductive material mounting seat 24, a tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 10 and a shaft 14; the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is fixed on the outer side of the shaft in an electroplating mode, the annular permanent magnet is fixed on the inner side of the shell in an interference fit and pasting mode and is arranged at the axial middle part of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, the installation distance between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet is not less than 2mm and not more than 5mm (according to the linear range of the selected tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, the magnetic field intensity generated by the annular permanent magnet at the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is determined to ensure that the magnetic field intensity is in the maximum conversion range of the linear range), the magnetic sensitive surface faces towards the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet are separated by a non-magnetic-conducting material installation seat (the distance between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the shaft is as small as possible but not to interfere the normal rotation of the shaft), the shell is divided into an upper half part and a, the upper half part and the lower half part of the shell are fixed and tightly matched through two half metal closed shells buckled on the outer sides of the shell (the upper part and the lower part of the metal closed shells are fixed through screws by screw mounting seats, and joints are filled with electromagnetic sealing gaskets);
the circuit module comprises a conditioning circuit 17 and a photovoltaic cell 19; the conditioning circuit is arranged on the inner side surface of the metal closed shell and consists of a differential amplification module, a filtering module, an AD acquisition module and a digital storage module in sequence, the output signal of the sensor is digitally processed in the metal closed shell, and the digitally processed signal can be stored locally or transmitted by optical fiber data. The photovoltaic cell supplies power to the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the conditioning circuit;
the signal transmission module comprises an optical fiber input channel 21, a laser receiving and transmitting module 18 and an optical fiber output channel 22; the intersection of the optical fiber input channel and the optical fiber output channel with the metal closed shell is provided with two layers of circular waveguide windows;
the conditioning circuit 17, the photovoltaic cell 19, the heat dissipation aluminum sheet 20 and the laser receiving and emitting module 18 are arranged on the inner side surface of the metal closed shell, the conditioning circuit and the laser receiving and emitting module are arranged on the upper half part of the inner side of the metal closed shell, the photovoltaic cell and the heat dissipation aluminum sheet are arranged on the lower half part of the metal closed shell,
the threading holes 12 are positioned at two ends of the shell 6 and are used for electrically connecting the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 10, the conditioning circuit 17, the photovoltaic cell 19, the laser receiving and emitting module 18 and the like;
the shaft coupler 5 is sleeved on the shaft 14, is fixed with the shaft 14 through a screw of the shaft coupler 5 and is used for connecting a tested part;
the lever 13 is fixed with the shaft 14 in a threaded connection mode, is perpendicular to the shaft 14 and is used for hanging weights when the sensitivity of a laboratory is calibrated;
the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material 9 is a circular film material, in particular a Ni-Zn-Co rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, and is generally applied due to the improvement of the magnetostrictive coefficient lambda. The giant magnetostrictive material can convert mechanical energy (or mechanical displacement and information) into electromagnetic energy, has high conversion rate between the mechanical energy and the electrical energy at room temperature, large energy density, high response speed, good reliability, simple driving mode and very large magnetostrictive coefficient.
The ring permanent magnet 8 is made of weak magnetic material, and the magnetic induction intensity generated at the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 10 is required to be within the linear range of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 10 according to simulation calculation, for example, the linear range of the TMR2501 tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is not less than 50Gs and not more than 150 Gs.
The installation mode of the components of the invention is only the structure, the installation mode of fixedly installing the components in the metal closed shell 7 can be used, and the used installation structure is a non-magnetic material installation seat. Specifically, for example, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material 9 may be applied to the outer surface of the shaft 14 by sputtering, vacuum evaporation coating, magnetron sputtering, vacuum plating, or the like.
In the invention, the power supply and signal transmission of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 10 and the conditioning circuit 17 adopt optical fiber transmission, wherein two layers of waveguide windows are arranged at the intersection of the optical fiber and the metal closed shell 7 so as to realize a totally-enclosed structure, namely shielding part of electromagnetic interference.
The GMM and TMR composite totally-enclosed non-contact rotating member torque testing device provided by the invention shields an electromagnetic field of a testing environment through an electromagnetic totally-enclosed metal enclosed shell; carrying out system level calibration by hanging weights in a laboratory; after the calibration is completed, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material can convert the mechanical energy into an electromagnetic signal (namely, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is deformed by the rotation of the shaft, so that the relative magnetic conductivity of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is changed, the torque of the shaft is converted into the magnetic field intensity change by the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material), a closed magnetic loop is formed among the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, the annular permanent magnet and the rotating shaft, the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is arranged in the magnetic loop to sense the magnetic field intensity change in the loop, the magnetic field intensity change is in direct proportion to the torque of the tested rotating member, the tunnel magnetic resistance sensor converts the magnetic field intensity change into a voltage signal to be output, the voltage output signal is subjected to differential amplification and amplification filtering of the conditioning circuit module to obtain an amplified voltage signal, and a measured signal is obtained through an external high-speed data acquisition device, so that the change of the torque of the measured rotating member is read.
The invention provides a testing method of the rotating member torque testing device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) type selection calculation: a. determining the shaft material and the shaft diameter of the testing device according to the range of the torque and the rotating speed of the tested rotating member and a mechanical design manual; b. according to Ansoft Maxwell, simulation calculation is carried out on the magnetic field of the annular permanent magnet and the induced magnetic field of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, the material and the size of the annular permanent magnet are determined, the distance d between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet is determined, and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the annular permanent magnet at the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is in the linear range of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor;
(2) and (3) component mounting: a. firstly, flatly placing a support, fixing a fixed bearing and a rotating bearing on a shaft in an interference fit mode, and fixing the fixed bearing on the support through a screw and a bearing buckle; b. coating a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material on the outer side of a shaft in an electroplating mode, fixing an annular permanent magnet on the inner side of a shell in an interference fit and pasting mode, placing the shell at the middle position of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, installing a non-magnetic-conductive material mounting seat with the thickness of d on the inner side of the annular permanent magnet in a pasting mode, and installing a tunnel magnetoresistive sensor between the non-magnetic-conductive material mounting seat and the giant magnetostrictive material and on the other surface of the non-magnetic-conductive material mounting seat in a pasting mode; then, the shell is buckled on the rotating bearing, and simultaneously, wires required by electric connection are led out from the threading holes; c. a conditioning circuit is arranged between a shell and a metal closed shell, a laser receiving and emitting module, a heat dissipation aluminum sheet and a photovoltaic cell are respectively arranged on the metal closed shell, the metal closed shell is buckled on the shell and is connected with the upper half part and the lower half part of the metal shell through a screw mounting seat by using screws, and joints of the metal closed shell and the shell are filled with electromagnetic sealing gaskets; d. selecting a coupling with a corresponding specification according to the shaft diameter of the measured rotating member;
(3) system calibration: a. after the components of the device are installed according to the step (2), sensitivity calibration is carried out in a laboratory by using standard weights, the weights are fixed at one end of the lever in a hanging mode, the weights generate torque on the shaft after being hung, the torque generated by the weights can be calculated (the torque T is F multiplied by S, F is the gravity generated by the weights, and S is the distance from the force action point of the weights on the lever to the geometric center of the giant magnetostrictive material), and the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material can convert mechanical energy into an electromagnetic signal (namely the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is deformed by the rotation of the shaft)The rare earth super magnetostrictive material causes the relative magnetic conductivity to change and converts the torque of the shaft into the magnetic field intensity change), a closed magnetic loop is formed among the rare earth super magnetostrictive material, the annular permanent magnet and the rotating shaft, the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is placed in the magnetic loop to sense the magnetic field intensity change in the loop, and then the output voltage U can be obtained from the conditioning circuit; b. no-load time-recording torque T without hanging weight0Is 0, the resulting output voltage is U0(ii) a c. Mass m takeniThe weight is hung at one end of the lever, i.e. torque T is appliediThe obtained output voltage is UiRepeating the experiment for not less than 5 times; d. for TiAnd UiFitting to obtain sensitivity k;
(4) test signals: the device for completing sensitivity calibration is connected into a tested system through a coupler, and the output voltage signal of the testing device is UCAccording to the formula Tc＝k×(Uc-U0) The torque signal T can be obtained by calculationC；
In the conventional testing method, an induction coil is wound at a detection end for detection, but with the development of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the requirement of non-contact measurement, the change of a magnetic field at the detection end can be detected by the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor. The tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is installed at the detection end of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material in a non-contact mode, and a tiny magnetic field is converted into an electric signal through a bridge circuit in a conditioning circuit, so that non-contact measurement of the torque of a system to be detected can be achieved.
Note: a. minimum shaft diameter calculation (only torsional shear stress of the shaft is considered here):
the torsional strength of the shaft is:
in the formula tauT-torsional shear stress (MPa) of the shaft;
t-torque transmitted by the shaft (N.mm);
WTthe torsional section coefficient (mm) of the shaft3)；
P-Power transferred by the shaft (kW);
n-the rotational speed of the shaft (r/min);
[τT]-permissible torsional shear stress (MPa) of the shaft.
The minimum diameter of the shaft is
b. The material selection of the shaft is based on a mechanical design manual, is well known to those skilled in the art, and is not described in detail.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A torque test method for a rotating part with composite giant magnetostriction and tunnel magnetoresistance is characterized by comprising the following steps: the electromagnetic field of the test environment is shielded by an electromagnetic totally-enclosed metal closed shell; carrying out system level calibration by hanging weights in a laboratory; after the calibration is finished, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material can convert mechanical energy into an electromagnetic signal, namely the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material deforms due to the rotation of the shaft, so that the relative magnetic conductivity of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material changes, and the torque of the shaft is converted into the magnetic field intensity change by the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material; through the tombarthite giant magnetostrictive material, the annular permanent magnet, constitute closed magnetic circuit between the rotation axis, place tunnel magnetoresistive sensor in this magnetic circuit and be arranged in the magnetic field intensity change that should the return circuit, and magnetic field intensity change is directly proportional with surveyed rotating member moment of torsion, tunnel magnetoresistive sensor converts magnetic field intensity change into voltage signal output, voltage output signal is through the differential amplification of conditioning circuit module, amplify the filtering, obtain the voltage signal after the amplification, obtain the signal of being surveyed through outside high-speed data acquisition device, thereby read the change of being surveyed the rotating member moment of torsion.
2. The giant magnetostrictive and tunnel reluctance composite rotating member torque testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) type selection calculation: a. determining the shaft material and the shaft diameter of the testing device according to the range of the torque and the rotating speed of the tested rotating member and a mechanical design manual; b. according to Ansoft Maxwell, the magnetic field of the annular permanent magnet and the induced magnetic field of the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor are subjected to simulation calculation, the material and the size of the annular permanent magnet are determined, and the distance between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet is determineddThe magnetic induction intensity generated by the annular permanent magnet at the tunnel magnetic resistance sensor is in the linear range of the tunnel magnetic resistance sensor;
(2) and (3) component mounting: a. firstly, flatly placing a support, fixing a fixed bearing and a rotating bearing on a shaft in an interference fit mode, and fixing the fixed bearing on the support through a screw and a bearing buckle; b. fixing the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material and the annular permanent magnet, and installing the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material and the annular permanent magnet at the inner side of the annular permanent magnet in a sticking way to form a layerdThe tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is arranged between the non-magnetic material installation seat and the giant magnetostrictive material and on the other surface of the non-magnetic material installation seat in a sticking mode; then, the shell is buckled on the rotating bearing, and simultaneously, wires required by electric connection are led out from the threading holes; c. a conditioning circuit is arranged between the shell and the metal closed shell, a laser receiving and transmitting module, a radiating aluminum sheet and a photovoltaic cell are respectively arranged on the metal closed shell, and the metal closed shell is buckled on the shell; d. selecting a coupling with a corresponding specification according to the shaft diameter of the measured rotating member;
(3) system calibration:
a. after the parts of the device are installed according to the step (2), sensitivity calibration is carried out in a laboratory by using standard weights, the weights are fixed at one end of the lever in a hanging mode, the weights generate torque on the shaft after being hung, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material can convert mechanical energy into electromagnetic signals, namely, the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material deforms due to rotation of the shaft, and the relative magnetic conductance of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is causedThe rare earth giant magnetostrictive material with variable rate converts the torque of the shaft into the magnetic field intensity change, a closed magnetic loop is formed among the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, the annular permanent magnet and the rotating shaft, the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor is arranged in the magnetic loop to sense the magnetic field intensity change in the loop, and the output voltage is obtained from the conditioning circuitU；
b. No-load time-recording torque without hanging weightT 0 Is 0, the resulting output voltage isU 0 ；
c. Mass m takeniThe weight is hung at one end of the lever, i.e. torque is appliedT i The resulting output voltage isU i Repeating the experiment for not less than 5 times;
d. to pairT i AndU i performing fitting treatment to obtain sensitivityk；
(4) Test signals: the device for completing sensitivity calibration is connected into a tested system through a coupler, and the output voltage signal of the testing device isU C According to the formula
Calculating to obtain a torque signalT C 。
3. The giant magnetostrictive and tunnel reluctance composite rotating member torque testing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (2), the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material is coated on the surface of the outer side of the shaft through the processes of sputtering, vacuum evaporation coating, magnetron sputtering or vacuum electroplating, the annular permanent magnet is fixed on the inner side of the shell in an interference fit or sticking mode and is installed in the axial middle part of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, and the installation distance between the tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the annular permanent magnet is not less than 2mm and not more than 5 mm.
4. The giant magnetostrictive and tunnel reluctance composite rotating member torque testing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (2) buckling the metal closed shell on the shell, connecting the upper half part and the lower half part of the metal shell through a screw mounting seat by using screws, and filling the joints of the metal closed shell and the shell by using electromagnetic sealing gaskets.
5. The giant magnetostrictive and tunnel reluctance composite rotating member torque testing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: calculating the torque produced according to the weightT=F×S，FIn order to generate the weight force for the weight,Sthe distance from the force action point of the weight on the lever to the geometric center of the giant magnetostrictive material.
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