CN111157120B - Surface temperature simulation method with space continuity - Google Patents

Surface temperature simulation method with space continuity Download PDF

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CN111157120B
CN111157120B CN202010025407.5A CN202010025407A CN111157120B CN 111157120 B CN111157120 B CN 111157120B CN 202010025407 A CN202010025407 A CN 202010025407A CN 111157120 B CN111157120 B CN 111157120B
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heat
temperature
surface temperature
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贾国瑞
林谷昊
赵慧洁
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Beihang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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    • G01J5/007—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for earth observation

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface temperature simulation method with space continuity, belonging to the technical field of remote sensing simulation and comprising the following steps: (1) calculating the gradient, the slope direction and the sunlight incident angle of each pixel by using the time space data; (2) determining the short wave reflectivity, the long wave emissivity and the heat conductivity coefficient of each pixel according to the classification map; (3) determining the radiant quantity and atmospheric parameters of each pixel; (4) solving the surface temperature of each pixel by using the parameters determined in the steps (1) to (3) according to a one-dimensional heat balance equation considering longitudinal heat transfer; (5) and (4) on the basis of the one-dimensional heat balance equation in the step (4), adding the transverse conduction heat flux of the adjacent pixels in the horizontal direction to the target pixels, constructing a three-dimensional heat balance equation, and solving the corrected earth surface temperature of each pixel. Compared with the similar method, the method introduces horizontal heat conduction, considers the influence of space continuity on temperature simulation, and is suitable for the research of thermal infrared remote sensing.

Description

Surface temperature simulation method with space continuity
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a surface temperature simulation method with spatial continuity, belongs to the technical field of remote sensing simulation, and is suitable for the research of thermal infrared remote sensing.
(II) background of the invention
Thermal infrared remote sensing generally refers to sensing in which the operating band is limited to the infrared range, and the operating band is generally between 0.76 and 1000 μm. For all substances, infrared radiation is emitted into the outer space as long as the temperature is above absolute zero. The thermal radiation of an object is related to the temperature and composition of the interior of the substance. Therefore, all objects in the space exchange energy by means of thermal radiation, and the objects are in thermal equilibrium when the external radiation energy absorbed by the objects is equal to the radiation energy of the objects going out to the outside. For a general object, the energy balance of radiation is not equal, and the object is in a non-thermal equilibrium state, but if the heat exchange process is slow, the thermal energy in the object can be changed uniformly for a sufficient time, and then the object is in a thermal equilibrium state, so that the object can be considered to have a quasi-thermal equilibrium property. At this point, the temperature of the object is not constant, but for each given instant it can be considered to be in a thermal equilibrium state, which can be described by a thermal equilibrium equation.
From planck's law, it can be seen that the radiation of an object is related to its emissivity and temperature, and the emissivity of the target surface material is usually determined once it is fixed, but the surface temperature of the object is affected by various complex factors. Therefore, how to determine the surface temperature is the key to simulating the infrared image of the surface. At present, in the aspect of heat transfer, the earth surface is generally regarded as a semi-infinite object, the heat conduction process is simplified into a one-dimensional longitudinal heat conduction model, the temperature is solved through a longitudinal heat balance equation, and the transverse heat conduction in the horizontal direction is not considered, so that the method is deficient in spatial continuity and does not have the condition of generating an earth surface temperature distribution diagram with spatial continuity for thermal infrared remote sensing service. The temperature is an important parameter in thermal infrared remote sensing, and in high-resolution infrared scene simulation, the matching between the data form and the remote sensing image data form is extremely critical.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a surface temperature simulation method with space continuity, which can realize the simulation of the surface temperature in an area, serve thermal infrared remote sensing and provide conditions for subsequent data processing.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: on the basis of DEM data, short wave reflectivity, long wave emissivity, a ground surface classification map and atmospheric parameters, a heat balance equation is solved by utilizing net radiant energy, emissivity, air temperature, wind speed and heat conductivity coefficient to solve ground surface temperature and establish a lookup table. Inputting the time, longitude and latitude, atmospheric parameters, meteorological parameters and the like to be simulated, calculating the required amount of a lookup table, looking up the table to obtain the surface temperature, considering the heat conduction factor of the adjacent pixels to the target pixels on the basis, looking up the table again, and finishing the correction of the surface temperature.
The invention relates to a surface temperature simulation method with space continuity, which comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the gradient, the slope direction and the sunlight incident angle of each pixel by utilizing DEM data, time and longitude and latitude;
(2) determining short wave reflectivity, long wave emissivity and heat conductivity coefficient of various ground objects according to the classification map;
(3) determining the solar radiation flux, the atmospheric downlink radiation flux, the earth surface thermal radiation, the wind speed, the earth surface convective heat transfer coefficient, the atmospheric temperature, the atmospheric transparency empirical coefficient, the near-ground water vapor pressure, the constant temperature layer depth and the temperature of each pixel;
(4) solving the surface temperature of each pixel by using the parameters determined in the steps (1) to (3) according to a one-dimensional heat balance equation considering longitudinal heat transfer;
(5) on the basis of considering the one-dimensional heat balance equation of longitudinal heat transfer in the step (4), adding the transverse conduction heat flux of the adjacent pixels in the horizontal direction to the target pixels, constructing a three-dimensional heat balance equation, and solving the corrected earth surface temperature of each pixel.
In the step (1), the formula for solving the gradient and the slope by using the DEM data is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362255010000021
Figure BDA0002362255010000022
wherein α is a gradient, fxIs the elevation change rate in the east-west direction, fyElevation change rate in the north-south direction, ArIs in the slope direction.
And (3) performing weighted average calculation on the broadband short-wave reflectivity and the broadband long-wave emissivity used in the step (2) by using reflectivity and emissivity spectra.
Wherein, the classification chart in the step (3) is obtained by classifying the ground features by using an ASTER SPECTRAL LIBRARY spectrum LIBRARY.
Wherein, the one-dimensional heat balance equation considering the longitudinal heat transfer in the step (4) is as follows:
Rn＝H+LE+G
Rn＝(1-As)Rs+εRl-Re
H＝hs(Ts-Ta)
Figure BDA0002362255010000031
Figure BDA0002362255010000032
in the formula, RnIs the net radiant flux at the surface, H is the sensible heat flux, LE is the latent heat flux, G is the surface heat flux,Asis short wave reflectivity, RsIs the solar radiation flux, and epsilon is the long-wave emissivity, RlFor downward radiation flux of the atmosphere, ReFor heat radiation of the earth's surface, hsIs the surface convective heat transfer coefficient, TsIs the surface temperature, TaIs the atmospheric temperature, es(Ts) For surface temperature of TsSaturated water vapor pressure of time eaNear-surface water pressure, lambda is heat conductivity coefficient, z is constant temperature layer depth, TzConstant layer temperature. According to the actual situation, a lookup table for solving any form of heat balance equation is established by selecting proper input, and the earth surface temperature is quickly solved.
Wherein the three-dimensional heat balance equation constructed in the step (5) is as follows:
Rn+Hnear＝H+LE+G
in the formula, HnearAnd (4) solving the corrected earth surface temperature of each pixel by utilizing the lookup table established in the step (4) for the transverse conduction heat flux in the horizontal direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the ground surface temperature simulation method with the space continuity is provided, partial conditions are provided for generation of infrared simulation images, and the defects that ground surface temperature actually measured can only be suitable for a small-range area and the space resolution of satellite inversion ground surface temperature is insufficient are overcome. It has the following advantages: (1) a lookup table is established before simulation, so that the speed of generating the temperature distribution diagram is obviously improved; (2) when the temperature is calculated, on the basis of calculating the vertical one-dimensional heat conduction, the consideration of the horizontal heat conduction of the adjacent pixels is added, and a ground surface temperature distribution diagram with spatial continuity is generated.
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FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a DEM data image of an ASTER satellite.
Fig. 3 is a true color image of short-wave reflectance.
FIG. 4 is a long-wave emissivity pseudo-color image.
Fig. 5 is a classification chart of land feature classification using ASTER SPECTRAL LIBRARY.
Fig. 6 is a surface temperature distribution image.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the simulation method of the wide-range high-spatial-resolution temperature distribution diagram, the surface temperature simulation is carried out by utilizing DEM data of an ASTER satellite, a short-wave reflectivity image of HYMAP, a long-wave emissivity image obtained by utilizing USGS spectral LIBRARY simulation and a classification diagram for classifying the ground features by utilizing ASTER SPECTRAL LIBRARY.
The invention discloses a surface temperature simulation method with space continuity, which is implemented by the following steps as shown in a figure 1:
(1) calculating the gradient, the slope direction and the sunlight incident angle of each pixel by utilizing DEM data, time and longitude and latitude: the DEM data is used for solving the gradient and the gradient value of each pixel through a gradient and gradient calculation formula, the sunlight incidence angle is further calculated by combining time and longitude and latitude, the DEM data is shown in figure 2, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362255010000041
Figure BDA0002362255010000042
cosθi＝cosαcosθs+sinαsinθscos(Ar-φa)
wherein α is a gradient, fxIs the elevation change rate in the east-west direction, fyElevation change rate in the north-south direction, ArIn the direction of the slope, θiAngle of incidence of sunlight, θsPhi and phiaThe zenith angle and azimuth angle of the sun;
(2) calculating the short-wave reflectivity and the long-wave emissivity of a wide wave band by utilizing the hyperspectral short-wave reflectivity and long-wave emissivity images, reading HYMAP data of a calculated area, wherein the spectral working range is 450nm-2500nm, the spectral resolution is 15nm-16nm in visible-near infrared wave bands, the spectral resolution is 15nm-20nm in short-wave infrared wave bands, and a true short-wave reflectivity color image is shown in figure 3, so that the reflectivity in the wavelength range of 450nm-2500nm is subjected to integral calculation to obtain the wide wave band reflectivity of the visible-short wave bands of each pixel, and the calculation result is used for subsequently calculating the solar short-wave radiation received by the earth surface. Reading a long-wave infrared spectrum data image with the wavelength range of 3-14 mu m obtained by simulating the ground classification chart and the USGS spectrum library in the calculated area, and obtaining a long-wave emissivity pseudo color image as shown in figure 4, therefore, carrying out integral calculation on the emissivity within the wavelength range of 3-14 mu m, obtaining the broadband reflectivity and emissivity of each pixel long wave, and using the calculation result for subsequently calculating the long-wave radiation under the atmosphere received by the earth surface and the heat radiation emitted outwards by the earth surface. And (5) researching the heat conductivity coefficients of various ground objects according to the classification chart, and taking the coefficients as subsequent input. And reading the data of the ground surface classification map, and corresponding the data to respective thermal conductivity according to different classes of ground objects for subsequently calculating the energy balance change of the pixel due to heat conduction. Where the heat conductivity is calculated as the mean of all classes, labeled as unclassified classes in the classification map, which is shown in fig. 5.
(3) Determining the wind speed, the atmospheric transparency empirical coefficient, the atmospheric temperature, the near-ground water vapor pressure, the surface thermal radiation and the depth and the temperature of a constant temperature layer of each pixel, calculating the solar radiation flux by utilizing the atmospheric transparency empirical coefficient, the sunlight incident angle and the like, calculating the atmospheric downlink radiation flux by utilizing the near-ground water vapor pressure, the atmospheric temperature and the like, and calculating the surface convective heat transfer coefficient by utilizing the wind speed and the like.
(4) Solving the surface temperature of each pixel by using the parameters determined in the steps (1) to (3) according to a one-dimensional heat balance equation considering longitudinal heat transfer:
Rn＝H+LE+G
Rn＝(1-As)Rs+εRl-Re
H＝hs(Ts-Ta)
Figure BDA0002362255010000051
Figure BDA0002362255010000061
in the formula, RnFor surface net radiant flux, H for sensible heat flux, LE for latent heat flux, G for surface heat flux, AsIs short wave reflectivity, RsIs the solar radiation flux, and epsilon is the long-wave emissivity, RlFor downward radiation flux of the atmosphere, ReFor heat radiation of the earth's surface, hsIs the surface convective heat transfer coefficient, TsIs the surface temperature, TaIs the atmospheric temperature, es(Ts) For surface temperature of TsSaturated water vapor pressure of time eaThe near-surface water pressure, gamma is the dry-wet surface constant, lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient, z is the depth of the constant temperature layer, TzConstant layer temperature. According to the actual situation, a lookup table for solving any form of heat balance equation is established by utilizing the net radiant energy, namely the left item of the equal sign of the heat balance equation, the long wave emissivity, the atmospheric temperature, the wind speed and the heat conductivity coefficient.
(5) On the basis of considering the one-dimensional heat balance equation of longitudinal heat transfer in the step (4), adding the transverse conduction heat flux of the adjacent pixel in the horizontal direction to the target pixel to construct a three-dimensional heat balance equation:
Rn+Hnear＝H+LE+G
in the formula, HnearFor transverse conduction heat flux in the horizontal direction:
Figure BDA0002362255010000062
in the formula, p is the pixel size, in this example 5m, T is the temperature of each pixel solved according to the one-dimensional heat balance equation considering longitudinal heat transfer, i is the number of rows of the pixel, j is the number of columns of the pixel, k is the neighborhood range, in this example 1, m is the difference between the number of rows of the pixel in the neighborhood and the pixel, n is the difference between the number of columns of the pixel in the neighborhood and the pixel, and L is the coefficient related to the distance between the pixels:
Figure BDA0002362255010000063
and (4) utilizing the lookup table established in the step (4) to obtain the corrected surface temperature of each pixel by looking up the table.

Claims (3)

1. A surface temperature simulation method with space continuity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calculating the gradient, the slope direction and the sunlight incident angle of each pixel by utilizing DEM data, time and longitude and latitude;
(2) determining short wave reflectivity, long wave emissivity and heat conductivity coefficient of various ground objects according to the classification map;
(3) determining the solar radiation flux, the atmospheric downlink radiation flux, the earth surface thermal radiation, the earth surface convective heat transfer coefficient, the atmospheric temperature, the near-ground water vapor pressure, the constant temperature layer depth and the temperature of each pixel;
(4) solving the surface temperature of each pixel by using the parameters determined in the steps (1) to (3) according to a one-dimensional heat balance equation considering longitudinal heat transfer:
Rn＝H+LE+G
Rn＝(1-As)Rs+εRl-Re
H＝hs(Ts-Ta)
Figure FDA0002788443600000011
Figure FDA0002788443600000012
in the formula, RnFor surface net radiant flux, H for sensible heat flux, LE for latent heat flux, G for surface heat flux, AsIs short wave reflectivity, RsIs the solar radiation flux, and epsilon is the long-wave emissivity, RlFor downward radiation of atmosphereFlux of radiation, ReFor heat radiation of the earth's surface, hsIs the surface convective heat transfer coefficient, TsIs the surface temperature, TaIs the atmospheric temperature, es(Ts) For surface temperature of TsSaturated water vapor pressure of time eaThe near-surface water pressure, gamma is the dry-wet surface constant, lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient, z is the depth of the constant temperature layer, TzThe temperature of the constant temperature layer is adopted;
(5) on the basis of considering the one-dimensional heat balance equation of longitudinal heat transfer in the step (4), adding the transverse conduction heat flux of the adjacent pixel in the horizontal direction to the target pixel, constructing a three-dimensional heat balance equation, and solving the corrected earth surface temperature of each pixel:
Rn+Hnear＝H+LE+G
in the formula, HnearIs a laterally conducted heat flux in the horizontal direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and (4) solving the earth surface temperature of each pixel, and quickly calculating a heat balance equation to solve the earth surface temperature by a method of establishing a lookup table.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and (5) calculating the transverse conduction heat flux according to the heat conductivity coefficient of the pixel:
Figure FDA0002788443600000021
in the formula, p is the size of a pixel, T is the temperature of each pixel solved according to a one-dimensional heat balance equation considering longitudinal heat transfer, i is the number of rows of the pixel, j is the number of columns of the pixel, k is the neighborhood range, 1 is generally taken, m is the difference between the number of rows of the pixel in the neighborhood and the pixel, n is the difference between the number of columns of the pixel in the neighborhood and the pixel, and L is a coefficient related to the distance between the pixels:
Figure FDA0002788443600000022
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