CN111155020B - Method for regulating and controlling corrosion resistance of CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy - Google Patents

Method for regulating and controlling corrosion resistance of CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy Download PDF

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CN111155020B
CN111155020B CN202010066653.5A CN202010066653A CN111155020B CN 111155020 B CN111155020 B CN 111155020B CN 202010066653 A CN202010066653 A CN 202010066653A CN 111155020 B CN111155020 B CN 111155020B
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储成林
安旭龙
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Southeast University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of an entropy alloy in CoNiFe, which realizes the improvement of low sigma CSL (chemical mechanical polishing) grain boundary proportion and the interruption of high-energy random grain boundary network connectivity by regulating and controlling the proportion of special grain boundaries (particularly sigma 3 grain boundaries) in the entropy alloy through grain boundary engineering, thereby regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of the entropy alloy in CoNiFe. The method comprises five steps of vacuum melting, homogenizing treatment, hot forging, controlled rolling and controlled annealing; the low sigma CSL grain boundary proportion of the prepared CoNiFe medium entropy alloy is more than 40%, wherein the sigma 3 grain boundary proportion is more than 80%. The method has the regulation and control functions, so that the corrosion performance of the CoNiFe medium entropy alloy is obviously improved, and the corrosion potential is as follows: -0.55 to-0.11V, corrosion current density: 23 to 0.03 mu A/cm2。

Description

Method for regulating and controlling corrosion resistance of CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy.
Background
The microstructure determines the performance of the material, the metal material commonly seen in the industry is mostly a crystal material, the grain boundary is an important component of a polycrystalline material and has important influence on the performance, especially the corrosion performance of the material, the corrosion phenomenon basically exists in all industrial fields, the huge economic loss caused by corrosion is a well-known fact, according to statistics, the direct economic loss caused by metal corrosion in the world is about 7000 plus 10000 billion dollars, wherein the annual corrosion loss rate in the United states accounts for 4.2% of GDP, the annual economic loss caused by corrosion in China accounts for 3.3%, the industrial and engineering corrosion problems seriously restrict the industrial development, and how to improve the corrosion performance of the metal structure material has important research value. The proposal of the grain boundary engineering opens up a new way for improving the corrosion performance of the metal material. Krongberg et al propose a coincident position lattice (CSL) model. Based on the CSL model, grain boundaries are classified into low-sigma CSL grain boundaries (Σ ≦ 29) (also called special grain boundaries) and random grain boundaries (Σ > 29). The low sigma CSL has low and stable grain boundary energy, and has strong inhibiting effect on slip fracture, stress corrosion, crack propagation, solute segregation and the like. Random grain boundaries, due to their high energy and high mobility, often become the core and propagation channels of cracks, leading to the occurrence of grain boundary corrosion. The grain boundary characteristic distribution of the material is regulated and controlled through a certain deformation or heat treatment process, the improvement of the low sigma CSL grain boundary proportion and the interruption of the network connectivity of a high-energy random grain boundary are realized, and the purpose of controlling and optimizing the material is achieved, namely the grain boundary engineering.
Since 2004, a completely new alloy has entered the field of researchers, i.e., a multi-principal element alloy, which is rapidly becoming a hot spot for research because of its unique alloy design and excellent performance. According to the size of the alloy mixed entropy value, the multi-principal-element alloy is divided into a high-entropy alloy (delta Smix is more than 1.6R) and a medium-entropy alloy (the mixed entropy is more than or equal to 1.6R and more than or equal to delta Smix is more than or equal to 1R). Research of Gludovatz and the like finds that the entropy alloy in the rolled CrCoNi has very excellent room temperature and low temperature performance, the tensile strength is close to 1GPa, the fracture elongation reaches 70 percent, and the fracture toughness exceeds 200MPa m at room temperature1/2Even at low temperature, the tensile strength exceeds 1.3GPa, the elongation at break reaches 90 percent, and the fracture toughness value also reaches 275MPa m1/2. The intermediate entropy alloy of CrCoNi becomes one of the metal materials with the best plasticity. Sohn et al designed and produced a VCoNiCr medium entropy alloy using the lattice distortion effect of a multi-principal element alloy, and the room temperature tensile test results show that the VCoNiCr medium entropy alloy has yield strength higher than 1GPa and good ductility (40%). The yield strength at room temperature is far higher than that of most multi-principal-element alloys, and the alloy has very large application potential. Tsuu et al compared the entropy of as-cast FeCoNi medium entropy alloy and FeCoNiCr high entropy alloy in H2SO4And the corrosion behavior in NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of the entropy alloy in FeCoNi is found to be better than that of FeCoNiCr high-entropy alloy, and the corrosion resistance of both is stronger than that of 304 stainless steel. The previous researches also find that the FeCoNi intermediate entropy alloy has good cold and hot processing performance and wide application prospect, and then after plastic processing, the corrosion performance of the FeCoNi intermediate entropy alloy is obviously reduced compared with the corrosion performance of the FeCoNi intermediate entropy alloy in an as-cast state due to internal stress caused by deformation, so that the service performance of the FeCoNi intermediate entropy alloy is greatly reduced. The method adopts a grain boundary engineering method, and improves the corrosion resistance of the FeCoNi intermediate entropy alloy by regulating and controlling the proportion of low sigma CSL grain boundaries (particularly sigma 3 grain boundaries). The method is controllable, reliable and easy to popularize and apply, and can be expanded to entropy alloys in other similar classes.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of an entropy alloy in CoNiFe, which utilizes the thought of grain boundary engineering and realizes the improvement of the low sigma CSL grain boundary proportion by controlling and optimizing the characteristic distribution of the grain boundary in the material, thereby breaking the network connectivity of high-energy random grain boundaries and achieving the purpose of regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of the entropy alloy.
The technical scheme is as follows: the method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of the CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy comprises five steps of vacuum melting, homogenizing treatment, hot forging, rolling control and annealing control engineering, the grain boundary proportion of the prepared CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy is more than 40% in low sigma CSL, wherein the grain boundary proportion of sigma 3 is more than 80%, the corrosion resistance of the intermediate entropy alloy is remarkably regulated and controlled, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, vacuum melting: putting granular or blocky raw materials of 5 to 35 percent of cobalt, 5 to 35 percent of iron and 5 to 35 percent of nickel with the purity of more than 99.99 percent into a vacuum smelting furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10-3～5×10-3Pa smelting, and then filling argon until the pressure in the furnace is: 0.1-0.5 Pa, overturning and repeatedly smelting, introducing magnetic stirring and then smelting, and finally cooling along with the furnace to form an ingot;
step 2, homogenization treatment: placing the cast ingot in a muffle furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, preserving heat at 800-1000 ℃, and uniformly distributing elements in the alloy through the cast ingot subjected to homogenizing annealing;
step 3, hot forging: placing the ingot subjected to homogenizing annealing into an induction furnace with the set temperature of 800-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 10-20 minutes, and then forging different surfaces of the ingot by adopting a free forging method, wherein the forging frequency is as follows: 240 times/min to finally obtain a cuboid forging alloy with the length of 30-50 mm, the width of 10-15 mm and the height of 5-10 mm;
step 4, rolling control: preserving the temperature of the cuboid forging alloy at 800-100 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, and cooling in air; different rolling reduction amounts are obtained by adjusting the distance between the rollers, and finally a rolled sample plate with the thickness of 0.5-1 mm is obtained;
and 5, controlling annealing: and (3) placing the rolled sample plate in a muffle furnace at 600-1000 ℃, preserving heat for 5-10 h, and cooling with water, wherein the prepared medium-entropy alloy plate has high corrosion resistance, the low sigma CSL grain boundary proportion is more than 40%, and the sigma 3 grain boundary proportion is more than 80%.
Wherein:
the current for smelting in the step 1 is as follows: 250-300A, overturning and repeatedly smelting for 2-3 times, and then introducing magnetic stirring for remelting for 1-3 times.
And (3) insulating the cast ingot in the step (2) at 800-1000 ℃ for 12-24 hours.
And annealing the ingot in the step 3 to 800-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 10-20 minutes, and forging the ingot freely for 240 times/minute.
And (3) in the step (4), different rolling reduction amounts are obtained by adjusting the distance between the rollers, the first rolling is carried out, the roller interval is adjusted to be 4-9 mm, and the reduction amount is as follows: 10-20%, rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 4-9 mm; rolling for the second time, adjusting the roller interval to be 3.5-6 mm, and pressing the roller: 30-40%, rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 3.5-4 mm; and (3) rolling for the third time, adjusting the roller interval to be 3.5-6 mm, and pressing the roller: rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 2.5-3 mm at 50-60%; rolling for the fourth time, adjusting the roller interval to be 1.5-2 mm, and pressing: 70-80%, rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 2.5-3 mm; and (3) rolling for the fifth time, adjusting the roller interval to be 1-1.5 mm, and pressing the roller: 80-85% and finally obtaining the plate with the thickness of 1-1.5 mm.
And (5) placing the rolled sample in a muffle furnace at 600-1000 ℃, preserving heat for 5-10 h, and cooling with water.
The preparation method is simultaneously suitable for other medium-entropy alloys with medium-low-layer fault energy.
Has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method, by utilizing the grain boundary engineering idea and controlling and optimizing the internal grain boundary characteristic distribution of the material, the low sigma CSL grain boundary proportion of the CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy is larger than 40%, wherein the sigma 3 grain boundary proportion is higher than 80%, and the method can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy.
(2) The method provided by the invention has high controllability, the required equipment is the most basic equipment in industrial production, and the method is reliable and easy for industrial production and popularization.
(3) The invention provides a new idea for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of the medium-entropy alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an OIM diagram of an entropy alloy of CrNiFe after annealing at 700 ℃ for 10h in the example.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the Sigma CSL grain boundary distribution profile and the proportion of the Sigma 3 grain boundary in the low Sigma CSL grain boundary of the entropy alloy in CrNiFe after annealing at 700 ℃ for 10h in the example. It can be seen from the figure that the proportion of the low Σ CSL grain boundaries is 48%, while the Σ 3 grain boundaries account for 80% of the low Σ CSL grain boundaries.
FIG. 3 is a polarization curve diagram of an entropy alloy in CrNiFe after annealing at 700 ℃ for 10h in the example, and the corrosion potential can be seen from the diagram: -0.43V, corrosion current density: 0.66A/cm2。
FIG. 4 is an OIM diagram of an entropy alloy of CrNiFe after annealing at 800 ℃ for 10h in the example.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the Sigma CSL grain boundary distribution profile and the proportion of the Sigma 3 grain boundary in the low Sigma CSL grain boundary of the entropy alloy in CrNiFe after annealing at 800 ℃ for 10h in the example. It can be seen from the figure that the proportion of the low Σ CSL grain boundaries is 51%, and the Σ 3 grain boundaries account for 83% of the low Σ CSL grain boundaries.
FIG. 6 is a polarization curve diagram of an entropy alloy in CrNiFe after annealing at 800 ℃ for 10h in the example, and the corrosion potential can be seen from the diagram: -0.19V, corrosion current density: 0.14A/cm2。
FIG. 7 is an OIM chart of an entropy alloy of CrNiFe after annealing at 900 ℃ for 10h in the example.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the Sigma CSL grain boundary distribution profile and the proportion of the Sigma 3 grain boundary in the low Sigma CSL grain boundary of the entropy alloy in CrNiFe after annealing at 900 ℃ for 10h in the example. It can be seen from the figure that the proportion of the low Σ CSL grain boundaries is 60%, while the Σ 3 grain boundaries account for 90% of the low Σ CSL grain boundaries.
FIG. 9 is a polarization curve diagram of an entropy alloy in CrNiFe after annealing at 900 ℃ for 10h in the example, and the corrosion potential can be seen from the diagram: -0.11V, corrosion current density: 0.03A/cm2。
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description, wherein the processes are conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from a public perspective unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The method comprises five steps of vacuum melting, homogenizing treatment, hot forging, controlled rolling and controlled annealing; the proportion of low sigma CSL (3 is more than or equal to sigma is less than or equal to 29) grain boundaries of the prepared CoNiFe medium entropy alloy is 48 percent, and the proportion of sigma 3 grain boundaries is 79 percent.
The medium entropy alloy prepared by the method has strong corrosion resistance
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) vacuum smelting: placing the granular/blocky raw materials of 33.3 percent of cobalt, 33.3 percent of iron and 33.4 percent of nickel (the purity is more than 99.99 percent) in atomic percentage into a vacuum smelting furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 x 10-3Pa, melting current: 300A, then filling argon until the pressure in the furnace is: 0.5Pa, overturning and repeatedly smelting for 3 times, introducing magnetic stirring and smelting again for 2 times, and finally cooling along with the furnace to form ingots;
(2) homogenizing: placing the cast ingot in a muffle furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, and preserving heat at 100 ℃ for 12 hours to ensure that elements in the alloy are uniformly distributed;
(3) hot forging: placing the ingot subjected to homogenizing annealing into an induction furnace with the set temperature of 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and then forging different surfaces of the ingot by adopting a free forging method, wherein the forging frequency is as follows: 240 times/min to finally obtain a cuboid forging stock with the length of 50mm, the width of 10mm and the height of 5 mm;
(4) controlling rolling by using rolling reduction: and (3) preserving the temperature of the forging material alloy at 1000 ℃ for 30 minutes, and cooling in air. By adjusting the distance between the rollers, different rolling reduction amounts are obtained, and finally the plate with the thickness of 1mm is obtained.
(5) And (3) controlling annealing: and (3) placing the rolled sample in a muffle furnace at 700 ℃, preserving the temperature for 10h, and cooling with water.
Example 2
The method comprises five steps of vacuum melting, homogenizing treatment, hot forging, controlled rolling and controlled annealing; the proportion of low sigma CSL (3 is more than or equal to sigma less than or equal to 29) grain boundaries of the prepared CoNiFe medium entropy alloy is 51 percent, and the proportion of sigma 3 grain boundaries is 83 percent. The medium entropy alloy prepared by the method has strong corrosion resistance.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) vacuum smelting: placing the granular/blocky raw materials of 33.3 percent of cobalt, 33.3 percent of iron and 33.4 percent of nickel (the purity is more than 99.99 percent) in atomic percentage into a vacuum smelting furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 x 10-3Pa, melting current: 300A, then filling argon until the pressure in the furnace is: 0.5Pa, overturning and repeatedly smelting for 3 times, introducing magnetic stirring and smelting again for 2 times, and finally cooling along with the furnace to form ingots;
(2) homogenizing: placing the cast ingot in a muffle furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, and preserving heat at 100 ℃ for 12 hours to ensure that elements in the alloy are uniformly distributed;
(3) hot forging: placing the ingot subjected to homogenizing annealing into an induction furnace with the set temperature of 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and then forging different surfaces of the ingot by adopting a free forging method, wherein the forging frequency is as follows: 240 times/min to finally obtain a cuboid forging stock with the length of 50mm, the width of 10mm and the height of 5 mm;
(4) controlling rolling by using rolling reduction: and (3) preserving the temperature of the forging material alloy at 1000 ℃ for 30 minutes, and cooling in air. By adjusting the distance between the rollers, different rolling reduction amounts are obtained, and finally the plate with the thickness of 1mm is obtained.
(5) Grain boundary engineering: and (3) placing the rolled sample in a muffle furnace at 800 ℃, preserving the temperature for 10h, and cooling with water.
Example 3
The method comprises five steps of vacuum melting, homogenizing treatment, hot forging, controlled rolling and controlled annealing; the proportion of low sigma CSL (3 is more than or equal to sigma is less than or equal to 29) crystal boundaries of the prepared CoNiFe medium entropy alloy is 60 percent, and the proportion of sigma 3 crystal boundaries is 90 percent. The medium entropy alloy prepared by the method has strong corrosion resistance.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) vacuum smelting: placing the granular/blocky raw materials of 33.3 percent of cobalt, 33.3 percent of iron and 33.4 percent of nickel (the purity is more than 99.99 percent) in atomic percentage into a vacuum smelting furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 x 10-3Pa, melting current: 300A, then filling argon until the pressure in the furnace is: 0.5Pa, turnover, repeated melting for 3 times, and magnetic introductionStirring and smelting for 2 times, and finally cooling along with the furnace to form ingots;
(2) homogenizing: placing the cast ingot in a muffle furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, and preserving heat at 100 ℃ for 12 hours to ensure that elements in the alloy are uniformly distributed;
(3) hot forging: placing the ingot subjected to homogenizing annealing into an induction furnace with the set temperature of 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and then forging different surfaces of the ingot by adopting a free forging method, wherein the forging frequency is as follows: 240 times/min to finally obtain a cuboid forging stock with the length of 50mm, the width of 10mm and the height of 5 mm;
(4) controlling rolling: and (3) preserving the temperature of the forging material alloy at 1000 ℃ for 30 minutes, and cooling in air. By adjusting the distance between the rollers, different rolling reduction amounts are obtained, and finally the plate with the thickness of 1mm is obtained.
(5) And (3) controlling annealing: and (3) placing the rolled sample in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃, preserving the temperature for 10h, and cooling with water.
The above embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the contents of the claims of the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy is characterized in that: the method comprises five steps of vacuum melting, homogenizing treatment, hot forging, controlled rolling and controlled annealing engineering, the prepared CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy has a low sigma CSL crystal boundary of which the proportion of sigma 3 crystal boundary is more than 80 percent and is less than or equal to 29, the corrosion resistance of the intermediate entropy alloy is remarkably regulated and controlled, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, vacuum melting: putting granular or blocky raw materials of 5-35% of cobalt, 5-35% of iron and 5-35% of nickel with purity of more than 99.99% into a vacuum smelting furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 x 10-3 ~5×10-3Pa smelting, and then filling argon until the pressure in the furnace is: 0.1-0.5 Pa, overturning and repeatedly smelting, introducing magnetic stirring and then smelting, and finally cooling along with the furnace to form an ingot;
step 2, homogenization treatment: placing the cast ingot in a muffle furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, preserving heat at 800-1000 ℃, and uniformly distributing elements in the alloy through the cast ingot subjected to homogenizing annealing;
step 3, hot forging: placing the ingot subjected to homogenizing annealing into an induction furnace with the set temperature of 800-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 10-20 minutes, and then forging different surfaces of the ingot by adopting a free forging method, wherein the forging frequency is as follows: 240 times/min to finally obtain a cuboid forging alloy with the length of 30-50 mm, the width of 10-15 mm and the height of 5-10 mm;
step 4, rolling control: preserving the temperature of the cuboid forging alloy at 800-100 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, and cooling in air; different rolling reduction amounts are obtained by adjusting the distance between the rollers, and finally a rolled sample plate with the thickness of 0.5-1 mm is obtained;
and 5, controlling annealing: and (3) placing the rolled sample plate in a muffle furnace at 600-1000 ℃, preserving heat for 5-10 h, and cooling with water, wherein the prepared medium-entropy alloy plate has high corrosion resistance, the low sigma CSL crystal boundary has a proportion of sigma 3 crystal boundary not less than 29, and the proportion of sigma 3 crystal boundary is higher than 80%.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of the CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the current for smelting in the step 1 is as follows: 250-300A, overturning and repeatedly smelting for 2-3 times, and then introducing magnetic stirring for remelting for 1-3 times.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of the CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) insulating the cast ingot in the step (2) at 800-1000 ℃ for 12-24 hours.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the corrosion resistance of the CoNiFe intermediate entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) in the step (4), different rolling reduction amounts are obtained by adjusting the distance between the rollers, the first rolling is carried out, the roller interval is adjusted to be 4-9 mm, and the reduction amount is as follows: 10-20%, rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 4-9 mm; rolling for the second time, adjusting the roller interval to be 3.5-6 mm, and pressing the roller: 30-40%, rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 3.5-4 mm; and (3) rolling for the third time, adjusting the roller interval to be 3.5-6 mm, and pressing the roller: rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 2.5-3 mm at 50-60%; rolling for the fourth time, adjusting the roller interval to be 1.5-2 mm, and pressing: 70-80%, rolling the cast rod into a plate with the thickness of 2.5-3 mm; and (3) rolling for the fifth time, adjusting the roller interval to be 1-1.5 mm, and pressing the roller: 80-85% and finally obtaining the plate with the thickness of 1-1.5 mm.
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