CN111154547A - Supercritical fluid extraction method of Chinese iris seed oil and application thereof - Google Patents

Supercritical fluid extraction method of Chinese iris seed oil and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111154547A
CN111154547A CN202010024329.7A CN202010024329A CN111154547A CN 111154547 A CN111154547 A CN 111154547A CN 202010024329 A CN202010024329 A CN 202010024329A CN 111154547 A CN111154547 A CN 111154547A
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seed oil
iris
extraction
supercritical fluid
fluid extraction
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孙菁
栾真杰
李佩佩
李朵
孟晓萍
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Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02—Pretreatment
    • C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M121/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
    • C11B1/104—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting using super critical gases or vapours
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese iris seed oil extraction, in particular to a supercritical fluid extraction method of Chinese iris seed oil and application thereof. The method specifically comprises three steps of raw material treatment, supercritical fluid extraction condition optimization and supercritical fluid extraction. The supercritical fluid extraction method of the iris lactea seed oil can be simple, convenient, rapid and accurate, the mean value of the iris lactea seed oil yield is 11.15%, the error relative to the theoretical value is 0.53%, and the yield is higher than that of the existing iris lactea seed oil. The content of unsaponifiable matters in the obtained iris lactea oil is 1.31%, 40 ingredient compositions are identified, wherein eight kinds of sterol compounds with the total content of 87.44% are included, and betulin aldehyde is identified in iris plants for the first time; 18 fatty acids, wherein the content of unsaturated fatty acids is about 85 percent, and the content of polyunsaturated acids is 54.87 percent; more than 30 volatile components; the average content of total polyphenols is 49.83mg/kg, and the obtained Iris lactea seed oil has strong antioxidant activity, and can be used in cosmetics, food and medicine, and also can be used in industry.

Description

Supercritical fluid extraction method of Chinese iris seed oil and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese iris seed oil extraction, in particular to a supercritical fluid extraction method of Chinese iris seed oil and application thereof.
Background
Chinese iris (Chinese iris)Iris lactea Pall. var.chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz.) Is a perennial herb perennial root plant of iris of Iridaceae. Distributed in korea, russia, india and china. Except in the southeast coast of China, more than twenty provinces are distributed in a large range, and the resource amount is huge. The species mainly grows on wastelands, roadside and hilly grasslands, and is particularly abundant on salinized grasslands for over-grazing. Has better salt resistance and ornamental value, and also has tolerance to heavy metal elements such as lead, cadmium and the like. The compound is often used as a salt-alkali indicator of saline-alkali grassland and used for vegetation restoration in the saline-alkali grassland and petroleum polluted areas. Besides ecological value, the iris lactea seeds are also applied to traditional national medicine. The Chinese iris seed, also called Lili, is recorded in the grass department of compendium of materia Medica, and is sweet, flat and nontoxic. The Chinese iris seed powder is mainly used for treating cold hernia, pharyngitis (root or root), water dysentery and intestinal wind bleeding, is applied to the Mongolian Tibetan medicine theory, and has the effects of killing parasites, detoxifying, relieving spasm, helping digestion, eliminating jaundice, healing wound, promoting granulation and the like. The iris lactea contains flavonoid compounds, benzoquinone, stilbene and volatile substances, and has various biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and anti-radiation effects. The irisquinone extracted from the seed coat of Chinese iris is collected in the Chinese new medicine conversion standard and used as a radiosensitizer. Four flavan-3-alcohol compounds are also separated from the iris lactea seed coat, and are respectively: anthocyanidin B1、B3、B7And a catechin. Has potential therapeutic benefits of treating osteoarthritis and ectopic ossification of human beings, enhancing the prostate cancer cell antagonist and the like.
The development and utilization of Chinese iris resources have been a long-standing hot spot. C-glycosyl flavonoid compounds have been identified from Chinese iris leaves at present. The seed kernel part of the iris lactea is a byproduct after seed coat processing, which accounts for about 2/3 of the whole seed, and a large amount of oil cells are found by microscopic characteristics. Ingredients other than traditional seeds often have unique chemical characteristics and may increase the supply of current oil and are therefore often used as a new oil source. Few studies on iris seed oil are currently available, but essential oils have been extracted from flowers and roots and rhizomes of other plants of iris. The essential oil extracted from the rhizome of Iris pallida by steam distillation has antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The essential oil extracted from Iris pallida mainly contains alkanoic acid and olefine acid compounds, and has obvious inhibiting effect on 3 kinds of fungi and 12 kinds of bacteria. The oil extracted from the seeds of iris pallida grown in turkey contains mainly myristic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and arachidonic acid. Of which linoleic acid (40%) and oleic acid (30%). The iris plant seed oil also contains phenolic compounds and quinone compounds. However, few studies on the iris lactea oil are reported, and the iris lactea oil yield in the existing studies is only 4.193% which is low. Soxhlet extraction: the yield of the seed oil is low, and the solvent is difficult to remove completely, so that the use of the seed oil is influenced; the existing supercritical fluid extraction method comprises the following steps: seed coats are not removed, and harmful components are contained in the seed coats, so that the utilization of seed oil is influenced; without optimization, the yields obtained were not high. At present, no research on chemical components and biological activity of the iris lactea seed oil exists, and therefore, a simple, convenient, rapid and high-accuracy supercritical fluid extraction method of iris lactea seed oil with high yield is urgently needed to be established.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a supercritical fluid extraction method of iris lactea seed oil and applications thereof.
A supercritical fluid extraction method of Chinese iris seed oil comprises the following steps:
step 1, raw material treatment: taking iris lactea seeds, removing impurities, sorting, placing in a 50 ℃ oven for drying to constant weight, breaking the skin, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, removing the skin, crushing iris lactea seed kernels, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, and filling in a self-sealing bag for cold storage at 4 ℃ for later use;
and 2, optimizing the supercritical fluid extraction conditions: weighing 500g of the kernel powder in a supercritical extraction tank, selecting extraction time, extraction temperature and extraction pressure as investigation factors, and performing a single-factor examination test;
and 3, optimizing the response noodle conditions by supercritical fluid extraction: on the basis of a single-factor investigation test, respectively designating three levels of low, medium and high variables as-1, 0 and +1, taking the iris seed oil yield as a response value, and performing a three-factor three-level Box-Behnken response surface optimization test by using Design-Expert software to finally determine the optimal extraction condition of the iris seed oil supercritical extraction method;
and 4, supercritical fluid extraction: and (3) placing the coarse powder obtained in the step (1) in a supercritical extraction tank, extracting for 20-100 min according to the conditions that the extraction pressure is 32-34 MPa and the extraction temperature is 46-55 ℃, and collecting seed oil.
Further, the optimized supercritical fluid extraction conditions of the step 4 are as follows: the extraction pressure is 32.5MPa, the extraction temperature is 48 ℃, and the extraction time is 81 min.
Further, the seed oil collected in the step 4 is analyzed for components and basic physicochemical constant values are determined.
Further, the betulinal in the unsaponifiable sterol compounds in the iris lactea seed oil extracted by the supercritical fluid extraction method is firstly identified in iris plants.
The invention also discloses an application of the iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method in preparing cosmetics, foods and medicines, wherein the iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method is used as an effective component to prepare various cosmetics with any acceptable carrier in the field of cosmetics according to a conventional method, or is used as an effective component to prepare various medicinal preparations with any acceptable carrier in pharmacy according to a conventional method, or is used as an effective component to prepare various health-care foods with any acceptable carrier in food science according to a conventional method.
The invention also discloses an application of the iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method in industry, wherein the iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method has a large viscosity coefficient, and can be used as a lubricant component to prepare various lubricating oils according to a conventional method and any acceptable carrier in the industrial field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the supercritical fluid extraction method of the iris lactea seed oil can be simple, convenient, rapid and accurate, the mean value of the iris lactea seed oil yield is 11.15%, the error of the iris lactea seed oil yield relative to the theoretical value is 0.53%, and the iris lactea seed oil yield is higher than that of the existing iris lactea seed oil yield. Wherein the response noodle conditions are optimized, the seed oil yield is greatly improved, and more active ingredients are contained. The content of unsaponifiable matters in the obtained iris lactea oil is 1.31 percent, 40 components are identified, wherein eight types of sterol compounds with the total content of 87.44 percent are included, wherein betulinal is identified in iris plants for the first time, and the stigmasterol content is higher than most common vegetable oil types on the market; 18 kinds of fatty acids, wherein the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids is about 85 percent, the proportion of polyunsaturated acids is 54.87 percent, and the kinds of fatty acids mainly comprise linoleic acid and oleic acid; more than 30 volatile components; the average content of total polyphenols is 49.83 mg/kg. The physical and chemical indexes of the components all meet the conventional physical and chemical values, and some of the physical and chemical indexes even exceed the conventional content. The iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method has strong antioxidant activity, the DPPH free radical clearance rate is 59-64%, and IC is proved50The value range is 3.532-5.419 mg/mL, and the product can be applied to cosmetics, foods and medicines; the iris lactea seed oil has a large viscosity coefficient, and can be used as a lubricant in industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of a single factor investigation experiment;
FIG. 2 is a 3D response surface diagram;
FIG. 3 is a spectrum of 37 fatty acid standards;
FIG. 4 is a GC-MS total ion flow graph of a sample fatty acid;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the measurement of the components of unsaponifiable matter of iris lactea seed oil;
FIG. 6 is a spectrum of a rush seed oil sterol standard;
FIG. 7 is a spectrum of three sterols from a supercritical sample;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the measurement results of volatile components of Iris lactea seed;
fig. 9 is a graph showing the results of the analysis of the antioxidant activity of iris lactea seed oil.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The iris lactea seed sample adopted immediately in the implementation is collected from Qinghai lake region in the middle ten days of September at the mature period of the seeds. Nine sampling points are collected in Guide county, Hehe county, Haiyan county and Source county, and the location information of the collected samples is detailed in Table 1.
TABLE 1 site information for collected samples
Figure 445512DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
1. Supercritical fluid extraction of Chinese iris seed oil
(1) Raw material treatment
Removing impurities from the iris lactea seeds, sorting, drying in a 50 ℃ oven to constant weight, breaking the peel, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, removing the peel, crushing the iris lactea seed kernels, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, and packaging in a self-sealing bag for cold storage at 4 ℃;
(2) optimization of Chinese iris seed oil extraction conditions
Weighing 500g of the kernel powder in a supercritical extraction tank, and selecting extraction time of 20-100 min, extraction temperature of 46-55 ℃ and extraction pressure of 32-34 MPa as investigation factors to carry out single-factor investigation test.
(3) Supercritical fluid extraction response surface condition optimization
On the basis of a single-factor investigation test, respectively designating three levels of low, medium and high variables as-1, 0 and +1, taking the iris seed oil yield as a response value, and performing a three-factor three-level Box-Behnken response surface optimization test by using Design-Expert software to finally determine the optimal extraction condition of the iris seed oil supercritical extraction method;
(4) iris lactea seed oil extraction condition optimization result
The experimental design and the result of the response surface are shown in table 2, the effect of optimizing the model is achieved by removing the items with the P value larger than 0.1, the analysis of the variance of the regression model is shown in table 3, the P values corresponding to A are smaller than 0.01 in the level range of each selected factor, which shows that the factor has a very obvious influence on the yield of the iris lactea seed oil, the P value corresponding to B is smaller than 0.05, which shows that the factor has a remarkable influence on the yield of the seed oil, and the factor C has no remarkable influence on the yield of the seed oil (figure 1). AB. The P values corresponding to AC and BC are both larger than 0.1 and are removed, which indicates that the interaction between the three factors is not obvious. This interaction can be more intuitively illustrated in a contour plot, with a 3D response surface plot (fig. 2) representing the interaction between the three single factors selected. Therefore, to better understand the effect of independent variables and their interactions on dependent variables, the present study forms a 3D response surface plot (fig. 2) based on the model equation (1)).
The model effect was very significant (p = 0.0001)<0.01) and its mis-simulation term is not significant (p = 0.3508)>0.05), regression coefficient R)20.9090, indicating that the correlation of the model is good, the correction determining coefficient R2Adj is 0.8545, which indicates that the predicted value of the model can be well matched with the measured value. Correction decision coefficient R2Adj is obtained by optimizing a model and deleting factor interaction items which have insignificant influence on the yield of the seed oil, and can be increased from 0.8096 to 0.8545, R2Adj may be improved from 0.0628 to 0.7030, fitting a regression equation:
Y=-161.63+0.11A+0.57B+10.73C-0.00068A2-0.0057B2-0.19C2（1）
the optimal extraction process conditions obtained by response surface regression analysis are that the extraction time is 81.355min, the extraction temperature is 48.028 ℃ and the extraction pressure is 32.508Mpa, and the theoretical value of the Chinese iris seed oil yield reaches the maximum under the conditions. In consideration of actual operation, the optimal process conditions are corrected to be the extraction time of 81min, the extraction temperature of 48 ℃ and the extraction pressure of 32.5Mpa, which shows that the extraction conditions obtained by the Bo-xBehnken design response surface method are relatively reliable.
Table 2 response surface experimental design and results
Figure 949699DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
TABLE 3 regression model analysis of variance results
Figure 849522DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(5) Supercritical fluid extraction of Chinese iris seed oil
Placing the coarse powder in supercritical extraction tank, extracting under 32.5MPa and 48 deg.C for 81min, and collecting seed oil.
2. Iris lactea seed oil component analysis
(1) Physical and chemical constants
A. Analytical method
Dissolving the sample by using a mixed solvent of n-hexane and glacial acetic acid with the same volume, adding a Vickers reagent for reacting for a certain time, adding potassium iodide and water, and titrating the precipitated iodine by using a sodium thiosulfate solution to determine the iodine value of the sample; dissolving a sample in hot ethanol, and measuring the acid value of the sample by a sodium hydroxide titration method; boiling the sample and the potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution together under reflux, titrating the excess potassium hydroxide with a calibrated hydrochloric acid solution, and measuring the saponification value by the method; a sample was dissolved in a mixed solvent of glacial acetic acid and n-hexane, reacted with a potassium iodide solution, and the peroxide value was measured by titration with a sodium thiosulfate standard solution.
B. Analysis results
The maximum absorption wavelength of the iris lactea seed oil is determined to be 265nm by an ultraviolet full-wavelength scanning method, and under the absorbance, the ultraviolet absorbance of the seed oil solution prepared with the concentration of 0.1167g/100mL is 4.366, and the seed oil solution is yellow and transparent. The content of unsaponifiable matter is 1.31%, and the unsaponifiable matter comprises sterols with high biological activity, high molecular fatty alcohol, pigment, tocopherol, etc., wherein the sterols account for the main part; the saponification value 193.794, the acid value 0.239 and the difference between the saponification value and the acid value are large, so that the tendency of forming sludge precipitates after oil product deterioration is predicted to be large; the iodine value is 114.636, the peroxide value is 14.052, the unsaturated degree of the grease is high, and the grease is easy to oxidize.
(2) Fatty acids
A. Analytical method
Weighing 0.1g of iris lactea seed oil into a 100mL flat-bottomed flask, adding 8 mL of 2% potassium hydroxide methanol solution, refluxing on a water bath at 80 ℃ until oil drops disappear, adding 7 mL of 15% boron trifluoride methanol solution from the upper end of a reflux condenser, continuously refluxing for 2min, cooling to room temperature, accurately adding 10 mL of n-heptane, shaking for 2min, adding a saturated sodium chloride solution, shaking, standing for layering, absorbing 5mL of an upper n-heptane extracting solution into a test tube, adding about 3-5 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, shaking for 1min, standing for 5min, and absorbing the upper solution into a sample injection bottle to be measured.
Analyzing the fatty acid component of the iris lactea seed oil by a GC-MS method, processing data by an area normalization method, and analyzing main components in a map by retrieving a Wiley database and a manual spectrum analysis method.
Analysis conditions were as follows: the capillary chromatographic column is Agilent DB-FFPA column (100 m × 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 μm); the sample inlet temperature is 280 ℃; the carrier gas is helium; sampling amount is 1 muL; the split ratio is 20: 1; programming to 50 deg.C, maintaining for 1min, heating to 175 deg.C at 25 deg.C/min, heating to 230 deg.C at 4 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 5 min; the ionization mode is electron impact ion source (EI); column head pressure 230 kPa; the transmission line temperature is 280 ℃.
B. Analysis results
The iris lactea seeds in different places are measured under the optimized supercritical extraction condition, the measurement results of the oil yield and the fatty acid composition of the iris lactea seeds are shown in table 4, the iris lactea seeds under the supercritical extraction condition mainly contain 18 fatty acid components, the unsaturated fatty acid content is about 85%, the polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) content is 54.87%, the saturated fatty acid in the iris lactea seeds mainly contains palmitic acid (7.18% -8.80%), stearic acid (2.22% -6.05%) and arachidic acid (0.94% -2.01%), the unsaturated fatty acid mainly contains linoleic acid (40.04% -49.26%), oleic acid (35.62% -38.71%) and docosahexaenoic acid (1.34% -2.40%), the fatty acid content and the relative fatty acid content of the iris lactea seeds are similar to those of the oleic acid and the linoleic acid, the oleic acid content and the linoleic acid content can greatly increase the oxygen metabolism range, the cholesterol metabolism rate and the cholesterol metabolism rate, the cholesterol metabolism rate and the cholesterol metabolism rate of the cholesterol metabolism of the iris lactea, the cholesterol metabolism rate and the cholesterol metabolism rate of the cholesterol metabolism of the iris lactea, the cholesterol metabolism, the cholesterol metabolism, the cholesterol.
TABLE 4 Iris lactea seed oil yield and fatty acid composition measurement results
Figure 415633DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(3) Unsaponifiable matter
A. Analytical method
Iris lactea seed oil 5.013 g was weighed into a 250 mL flask, and 50mL of potassium hydroxide solution with a concentration of about 1 mol/L and some zeolite were added. The flask is connected with a reflux condenser pipe and then boiled and refluxed for 1 h. The heating was stopped and 50mL of water was added from the top of the reflux tube and the tube was rotated and shaken. After cooling, the saponified solution was transferred to a 250 mL separatory funnel with a Teflon stopcock and stopper, the flask and zeolite were washed 3 times with 50mL n-hexane, and the wash was poured into the separatory funnel. The cock is plugged. Shake vigorously for 1min, invert the separatory funnel and carefully open the stopcock, releasing the internal pressure intermittently. And (4) standing the separating funnel until the solution is layered, and putting the saponification solution at the lower layer into a second separating funnel as much as possible. The saponified solution was extracted twice more with 50mL of n-hexane each time in the same manner. The three hexane extracts were collected in the same separatory funnel.
Washing the extracting solution with 10% ethanol solution for three times, wherein the amount of the extracting solution is 25 mL each time, violently shaking, removing the ethanol extracting solution after washing, keeping 2 mL of the washing solution remained in the separating funnel after removing the washing solution each time, and then rotating the separating funnel along the axis of the separating funnel. After standing for several minutes, the remaining aqueous ethanol phase was further separated and then discarded. The stopcock was closed when the hexane solution reached the stopcock port. The washing with aqueous ethanol was continued until the ethanol wash did not develop a pink color upon addition of a drop of phenolphthalein indicator.
The hexane solution was carefully transferred through the upper mouth of the separatory funnel into a 250 mL flask accurately weighing 0.1 mg. The flask was previously dried in an oven at 103 ℃ and cooled, weighed, and the solvent evaporated on a rotary evaporator. The flask was placed in an oven at 103 ℃ and the residue was dried for 15 min. Cooling in a dryer, accurately weighing to 0.1 mg, calculating the content of unsaponifiable matter of the Iris lactea seed kernel oil, metering to 5mL, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C.
Gas chromatography conditions chromatography column: j & W DB-5MS UI capillary chromatography column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm); sample inlet temperature: 275 ℃; sample introduction amount: 1.0 muL, and the split ratio is 10: 1; carrier gas: high-purity helium with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; temperature programming: the initial temperature is 180 ℃, the temperature is increased to 280 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 15/min, and the temperature is kept for 25 min. Mass spectrometry conditions EI ion source, electron energy 70 eV; the ion source temperature is 230 ℃; a quadrupole rod thermometer at 150 ℃; the transmission line temperature is 280 ℃; the mass range is 35-650 amu, and the full scanning mode is adopted; the solvent was delayed for 2 min.
Respectively weighing 7.70 mg of campesterol, 11.12 mg of stigmasterol and 10.28 mg of β -sitosterol in three 10 mL volumetric flasks, dissolving by using n-hexane and fixing the volume to prepare three sterol standard solutions, accurately transferring 0.4 mL of the three standard solutions into a 2 mL centrifugal tube, and uniformly mixing to obtain three sterol standard mixing solutions.
B. Analysis results
The content of unsaponifiable substances of iris lactuca seed oil is 1.31%, 40 ingredient compositions are identified by GC-MS measurement and spectrogram library comparison, the results are shown in Table 5, eight kinds of sterol compounds are identified, wherein the total content of sterol compounds is as high as 87.44%, β -sitosterol (27.14%), stigmasterol (18.38%), stigmasterol-5.24 (28) -diene-3 β -ol (15.36%), campesterol 13.21% and betulinal aldehyde (5.8%) are contained in 5%, Phytosterol (PS) is a plant-derived sterol which is similar to the structure and function of cholesterol in vertebrates, has been proved to have a reduced cholesterol concentration for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, β -sitosterol has considerable in vitro cholinesterase inhibiting and antioxidant activities, is a potential compound for treating memory disorders (such as cardiovascular diseases), and also has various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune regulation properties, stigmasterol and other cholesterol-cholesterol esterase inhibiting activities, and antioxidant activities are shown in vitro, and are potential compounds for treating dysmnesia diseases (such as high cholesterol), and cholesterol) and antioxidant activities of irisone-induced by high cholesterol metabolism, and cholesterol induction of cholesterol-induced by castor oil induction, respectively 3526-3528 mg-358-7-castor oil, and high cholesterol induction of cholesterol-induced side chain induction of cholesterol-induced by high-cholesterol induction, and cholesterol induction of various high-cholesterol metabolism in the high-induced cardiovascular diseases, respectively, high cholesterol induction of cholesterol-cholesterol induction, high-cholesterol-induced by high-induced dietary induction, high-cholesterol induction, high-induced dietary induction of cholesterol induction, high-cholesterol induction of cholesterol induction, high-cholesterol induction of cholesterol induction, high-.
TABLE 5 unsaponifiable matter content of Iris lactea seed oil
Figure 779618DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(4) Volatile components
A. Analytical method
Sample pretreatment: the sample was pulverized by a pulverizer and then sieved through a 40-mesh sieve. Weigh (2.000. + -. 0.002) g into a 20 mL extraction vial and seal with a gland. The 75 μm CAR/PDMS (black) extraction fiber was aged for 30min at 250 ℃ using solid phase microextraction. And then placing the prepared sample bottle in a 50 ℃ water bath kettle for balancing for 20 min, inserting the aged extraction head for extraction for 40min, pulling out the extraction head, inserting the extraction head into a sample inlet of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry unit, and performing resolution for 2min at 250 ℃.
Gas chromatography conditions: DB-WAX (30.0 m × 250mm × 0.25 μm) polar chromatography column; the temperature raising procedure is that the initial temperature is 40 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2min, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, finally the temperature is raised to 230 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 5 min; the flow rate of the carrier gas (He, purity 99.999%) was 1.0mL/min, without splitting. Mass spectrum conditions: an Electron Ionization (EI) source has the electron energy of 70eV, the ion source temperature of 230 ℃, the quadrupole rod temperature of 150 ℃, the scanning mode of Scan and the scanning mass range m/z of 35-350 u.
B. Analysis results
The volatile component measurement results of the iris lactea oil are shown in the table 6 and the attached figure 8.
TABLE 6 measurement results of volatile components of Iris lactea seed oil
Figure 140192DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
(5) Analysis of other Components
A. Total polyphenol analysis method
Accurately weighing 2.009 g and 2.001g samples, dissolving in 6 mL of n-hexane, passing the solution through a diol-based solid phase extraction column at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min, then rinsing the extraction column with 10 mL of n-hexane, discarding all effluents, finally eluting with 10 mL of methanol, collecting all eluates, rotary evaporating the solvent in a water bath at 45 ℃, dissolving the residue in 2 mL of methanol-water solution, dissolving for 1min by ultrasound, and freezing for 16h at-18 ℃. Centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 10000rpm for 5min, and collecting supernatant.
Weighing 0.0103 g gallic acid standard, adding 1 mL methanol, diluting with water to 10 mL to obtain 1 mg/mL gallic acid standard stock solution, and diluting the stock solutions respectively to obtain gallic acid working solution with concentration of 10 ug/mL, 20 ug/mL, 30 ug/mL, 40 ug/mL, and 50 ug/mL respectively.
Transferring 1 mL of gallic acid working solution, water and sample solution to be detected into a test tube by using a liquid transfer gun, respectively, adding 0.5mL of forinophenol reagent, 2 mL of 7.5% sodium carbonate solution and 6.5 mL of water, oscillating for 1min, reacting in a 70 ℃ water bath for 30min, and measuring absorbance under the condition of 750nm wavelength.
B. Total polyphenol analysis results
The total polyphenol content of the nine-site iris lactea seed oil obtained by the solid-phase microextraction method and the n-hexane extraction method is 29.18-104.91 mg/kg of gallic acid equivalent, although the total polyphenol content in the seed oil is not particularly high, the total polyphenol content can be used as an antioxidant to inhibit rancidity of oil, and the value of the oil can be improved by improving nutrition (see table 7 for details).
TABLE 7 measurement results of total polyphenol component of Iris lactea seed oil
Figure 527311DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
A. Tocopherol assay
Weighing 2.00 g of homogenized sample in a 150 mL flat-bottomed flask, adding 1.0 g of ascorbic acid and 0.1g of BHT, mixing uniformly, adding 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 15mL of potassium hydroxide solution, shaking while adding, mixing uniformly, shaking in a water bath with constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 30min, saponifying, and immediately cooling to room temperature by cold water.
Transferring the saponified solution into 250 mL separating funnel with 30mL water, adding 50mL petroleum ether-ether mixture, shaking for 5min, transferring the lower layer solution into another 250 mL separating funnel, adding 50mL mixed ether solution, extracting again, and combining ether layers. The ether layer was washed with 100mL of water and repeated about 3 times until the ether layer was washed to neutrality to remove the lower aqueous phase.
The washed ether layer was filtered through 3 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate into a 250 mL rotary evaporation flask, and the separatory funnel and anhydrous sodium sulfate were washed with 15mL of petroleum ether 2 times, incorporated into the evaporation flask, and attached to a rotary evaporator, and distilled under reduced pressure or concentrated by gas flow in a water bath at 40 ℃. The residue in the evaporation flask was dissolved with methanol in portions and transferred to a 50mL volumetric flask to volume. The solution was passed through a 0.22 μm organic filter and measured by HPLC.
High performance liquid phase measurement conditions: agilent 1260, instire 5um PFP, 250 × 4.6mm, flow rate: 1 mL/min, measurement wavelength: 294 nm, mobile phase conditions: 10% of water and 90% of methanol in 0-27 min; 27.5-37.5 min100% methanol; 10% of water and 90% of methanol in 38-47 min.
B. Results of tocopherol analysis
The content of tocopherol measured by high performance liquid chromatography is α -vitamin E, the content of tocopherol is 33.4mg/kg, and documents show that the content of α -tocopherol in the oil with high oleic acid content is also high, which is consistent with the research result of our research.
3. Iris pallida seed oil antioxidant activity analysis
0.00788 g of DPPH is weighed, absolute ethyl alcohol is used for fixing the volume to 100mL, and 0.2 mmol/L solution is prepared and used. 0.28 g of each of the Iris lactea seed oil of nine sites is taken to prepare solutions of 28mg/mL, 14mg/mL, 7 mg/mL, 3.5 mg/mL, 1.75 mg/mL and 0.875 mg/mL. Sample solutions with different concentrations, 2 mL and 2 mL of the PPH solution, were weighed into a test tube and reacted for 60min in the dark. The reacted reagent 100 uL was pipetted into a 96-well plate and the absorbance value was read at 517 nm. 2 mL of absolute ethanol and 2 mL of DPPH reaction solution were used as blank control. 2 mL of VC and 2 mL of DPPH reaction solution with the same concentration are used as a positive control group.
Percent clearance =1-aSample (I)/ABlank space×100%。
The free Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) test is used to assess the health impact of many bioactive compounds found in food. DPPH radical is a stable radical that is widely used to evaluate the radical scavenging activity of oils and fats. In the application, ascorbic acid is used as a reference for the first time, and the oxidation resistance of the seed oil crude oil obtained by supercritical extraction is evaluated. The results show that the Chinese iris seed oil with different mass concentrations in nine places shows remarkable antioxidant activity. According to the following figure, the antioxidant capacity of the iris lactea seed oil is increased in a concentration-dependent manner within the mass concentration range of 0.875-28 mg/mL, the antioxidant capacity of the iris lactea seed oil is different from one place to another, but the change trends of the iris lactea seed oil are basically consistent. At 14mg/mL, DPPH clearance is nearly maximal, being 58-62%. After the concentration, the oxidation resistance basically tends to be stable, and can reach 59-64% at most. The IC50 value ranges from 3.532 to 5.419mg/mL, and the coefficient of variation is 11.34%. Antioxidant activity may be attributed to the chemical composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, polyphenols, etc. (see figure 9 and table 8 for details).
TABLE 8 analysis results of antioxidant activity of Iris lactea seed oil
Figure 710162DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
To investigate the material basis of the antioxidant activity, SPSS 25 statistical analysis software was used to analyze the relationship between antioxidant capacity and components and between components of each spot sample, and the most relevant to antioxidant capacity was the total polyphenol content (R)2=-0.881，P<0.01) and heptadecaenoic acid (R)2=-0.687，P<0.05), bothThe IC50 values are all negative correlation, namely the oxidation resistance is positively correlated. There is no obvious correlation between these two components and other various fatty acids. The ten fatty acids with obvious correlation are respectively: myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Heptabecanoic acid, Heptabecenoic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic acid, linoleicic acid, arathic acid, 11-Eicosenoic acid, n-HENECOSANoic acid, Eicosenoic acid, behenic acid, Tricosanoic acid, it is noted that linoleic acid with the highest content of fatty acids exhibits an obvious negative correlation with the other nine fatty acids, and in addition, various other fatty acids exhibit a positive correlation.
In order to find out the environmental factors related to the antioxidant activity and related compounds, redundancy analysis (RDA) is carried out by using R language software, the influence of each environmental factor on IC50 is consistent with that of heptadecaenoic acid, and in the influence on the total polyphenol content, according to the length of an arrow, the three environmental factors which have the greatest influence are the pH value of soil, the organic matter of the soil and the total phosphorus content of the soil. According to the included angle of the arrow, the soil organic matter is positively correlated with the soil organic matter, and the other two are negatively correlated with the soil organic matter. Research shows that the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus to the fresh water wetland for a long time reduces the generation of various defense compounds including total polyphenol, condensed tannin, cellulose and lignin in plant leaves, and the concentration of plant secondary metabolites and the concentration of plant C: n: the P stoichiometry is closely related. When the influence of nutrients in soil on chemical substances in the sweet wormwood herb is researched, the total polyphenol is in positive correlation with effective potassium, invertase and microbial biomass C, and is in negative correlation with organic matters, urease and phosphatase. The composition of different plants varies greatly in different environments and may be related to the growth habit of the plants. Because the iris lactea habit is salt-alkali resistant and trampling resistant, the iris lactea root system is developed, the iris lactea can be used for maintaining and improving saline-alkali soil, and the influence of the full salt content of the soil on the saline-alkali soil is not obvious. In addition to the factors involved in this study, moisture is also one of the important factors affecting polyphenol content.
The iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method is used for preparing various medicinal preparations by taking the iris lactea seed oil as an effective component and any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier according to a conventional method, or is used as an effective component and any carrier scientifically acceptable for food to prepare various health-care foods according to a conventional method, or is used as an effective component and any carrier acceptable in the field of cosmetics to prepare various cosmetics according to a conventional method.
The iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method can also be applied in industry, wherein the iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method has a large viscosity coefficient, and can be used as a lubricant component to prepare various lubricating oils according to a conventional method and any acceptable carrier in the industrial field.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A supercritical fluid extraction method of Chinese iris seed oil is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, raw material treatment: taking iris lactea seeds, removing impurities, sorting, placing in a 50 ℃ oven for drying to constant weight, breaking the skin, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, removing the skin, crushing iris lactea seed kernels, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, and filling in a self-sealing bag for cold storage at 4 ℃ for later use;
and 2, optimizing the supercritical fluid extraction conditions: weighing 500g of the kernel powder in a supercritical extraction tank, selecting extraction time, extraction temperature and extraction pressure as investigation factors, and performing a single-factor examination test;
and 3, optimizing the response noodle conditions by supercritical fluid extraction: on the basis of a single-factor investigation test, respectively designating three levels of low, medium and high variables as-1, 0 and +1, taking the iris seed oil yield as a response value, and performing a three-factor three-level Box-Behnken response surface optimization test by using Design-Expert software to finally determine the optimal extraction condition of the iris seed oil supercritical extraction method;
and 4, supercritical fluid extraction: and (3) placing the coarse powder obtained in the step (1) in a supercritical extraction tank, extracting for 20-100 min according to the conditions that the extraction pressure is 32-34 MPa and the extraction temperature is 46-55 ℃, and collecting seed oil.
2. The supercritical fluid extraction method of iris lactea seed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the optimized supercritical fluid extraction conditions of the step 4 are as follows: the extraction pressure is 32.5MPa, the extraction temperature is 48 ℃, and the extraction time is 81 min.
3. The supercritical fluid extraction method of iris lactea seed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, analyzing the components of the seed oil collected in the step 4 and determining a basic physical and chemical constant value.
4. The supercritical fluid extraction method of iris lactea seed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the betulinal in the unsaponifiable sterol compounds in the iris lactea seed oil extracted by the method is firstly identified in iris plants.
5. Use of the iris lactea oil obtained in claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals, characterized in that: the iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method can be used as an effective component to prepare various cosmetics by using any carrier acceptable in the field of cosmetics according to a conventional method, or can be used as an effective component to prepare various medicinal preparations by using any carrier acceptable in pharmacy according to a conventional method, or can be used as an effective component to prepare various health-care foods by using any carrier acceptable in food science according to a conventional method.
6. The use of the iris lactea seed oil produced in the method of claim 1 or 2 in industry, which is characterized in that: the iris lactea seed oil prepared by the method has a large viscosity coefficient, and can be used as a lubricant component to prepare various lubricating oils according to a conventional method and any acceptable carrier in the industrial field.
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