CN111154036B - Preparation method of ethylene-silane copolymerized composite aerogel - Google Patents

Preparation method of ethylene-silane copolymerized composite aerogel Download PDF

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CN111154036B
CN111154036B CN202010063530.6A CN202010063530A CN111154036B CN 111154036 B CN111154036 B CN 111154036B CN 202010063530 A CN202010063530 A CN 202010063530A CN 111154036 B CN111154036 B CN 111154036B
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silane copolymer
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CN111154036A (en
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包艳华
孔伟
江国栋
沈晓冬
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Nanjing Tech University
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F230/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
    • C08F230/04Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
    • C08F230/08Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/28Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2205/00Foams characterised by their properties
    • C08J2205/02Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
    • C08J2205/026Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2343/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2343/04Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36Silica

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of ethylene-silane copolymerization composite aerogel, which comprises the steps of carrying out free radical copolymerization on a vinyl-alkoxy silane monomer and a vinyl monomer to obtain an ethylene-silane copolymer, taking a copolymer solution as a precursor, taking tetraethyl orthosilicate or methyl orthosilicate as a curing agent, and preparing the organic silicon composite aerogel by adopting a sol-gel process and a supercritical drying or normal pressure drying mode. The aerogel has a double-cross-linked structure consisting of hydrocarbon chains and polysiloxane, and the toughness of the network structure is increased due to the side groups attached with vinyl monomers on the hydrocarbon chains, so that the mechanical strength of the obtained aerogel is obviously enhanced. The aerogel prepared by the invention has the advantages of high specific surface area, good hydrophobic property, good rebound resilience after compression and heat treatment, high strength under the same density and the like.

Description

Preparation method of ethylene-silane copolymerized composite aerogel
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of aerogels, in particular to a preparation method of ethylene-silane copolymerized composite aerogel.
Background art:
aerogel is a nanoporous material with a continuous three-dimensional network structure. The unique structure of the aerogel gives it unique properties such as low density, high specific surface area, low thermal conductivity. Making them of great interest in catalyst supports, cerenkov radiators, adsorbents, and skylight and window insulation. But the inherent fragility of aerogels makes them difficult to apply in practical applications. The mechanical properties of silica aerogels have been enhanced by different strategies. (1) In the aging process of wet gel, the neck region between gel secondary particles is accumulated and thickened to achieve the purpose of aerogel reinforcement, (2) the aerogel prepared by adopting organic siloxane such as methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and Vinyl Trimethoxysilane (VTMS) as precursors has better resilience; (3) polymer modified aerogels are usually prepared by grafting or compounding polymers such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyester onto the surface of silica to improve the mechanical properties of the aerogel. Polymer reinforced aerogels are an effective strategy to improve these brittle materials, however, most polymer reinforced aerogels have been greatly limited in their commercial application at the expense of density and time.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problem of brittleness of the existing aerogel and provides a preparation method of an ethylene-silane copolymerization composite aerogel, namely, the mechanical strength of the aerogel is improved on the premise of ensuring that the heat insulation performance of the aerogel is not reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the ethylene-silane copolymerized composite aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the vinyl-alkoxy silane and vinyl monomer are subjected to free radical copolymerization to obtain an ethylene-silane copolymer solution A, an organic silicon composite wet gel B is prepared by adopting a sol-gel method process, and the organic silicon composite wet gel B can be dried under normal pressure or supercritical pressure to obtain the organic silicon composite aerogel.
The ethylene-silane copolymer solution A is prepared by the following steps of:
Figure BDA0002375259560000011
Figure BDA0002375259560000021
and (3) placing the mixture in an inert gas environment, and polymerizing at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 6-10 hours to obtain the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A.
Preferably, the radical initiator is any one of dicumyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide; the solvent has certain compatibility with water, and comprises: dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, N-propanol, benzyl alcohol, N-butanol or acetone; the alkoxy in the vinyl-alkoxy silane has the characteristic of hydrolysis, and comprises the following components: any one or compound combination of vinyl dimethyl methoxy silane, vinyl methyl dimethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl dimethyl ethoxy silane, vinyl methyl diethoxy silane or vinyl triethoxy silane; the vinyl monomer is any one of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile or vinyl trimethylsilane and a compound combination.
The steps for preparing the organic silicon composite wet gel B by the sol-gel process are as follows: and dropwise adding the HF solution into the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A and the curing agent, fully and uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 0.5-2 hours to hydrolyze and condense alkoxy in the ethylene-silane copolymer into sol, then dropwise adding ammonia water, adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.5, and after gel is formed, sealing and aging at room temperature to obtain wet gel B.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the HF solution is 2-5%; the solvent of the HF solution is a mixed solvent of water and the same solvent in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A, and the mass ratio of the water in the mixed solvent to the same solvent in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A is 1-5: 10.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the ammonia water is 2-5%, the solvent of the ammonia water is a mixed solvent of water and the same solvent in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A, and the mass ratio of the water in the mixed solvent to the same solvent in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A is 1-5: 10.
Preferably, the curing agent is any one of tetraethoxysilane or methyl orthosilicate; the dosage of the curing agent is 10-40% of the mass of the ethylene-silane copolymer.
Preferably, the amount of the dropwise addition in the HF solution is such that the molar ratio of the water content in the HF solution to the hydrolyzed functional groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer and the curing agent is 1:0.8 to 1.5.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a preparation method of an organic silicon composite aerogel, which comprises the steps of carrying out free radical copolymerization on vinyl-alkoxy silane and a vinyl monomer to obtain an ethylene-silane copolymer solution, preparing an organic silicon composite wet gel by adopting a sol-gel method, and drying under normal pressure or supercritical drying to obtain the organic silicon composite aerogel. The composite aerogel prepared by the invention fully utilizes the copolymerization characteristic of the vinyl group, enhances the mechanical strength of the aerogel, particularly has better rebound resilience, and is expected to have great application prospect in the field of heat insulation in the future.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1
100 parts of vinyl dimethylethoxysilane, 10 parts of methyl acrylate and 120 parts of acetone are placed in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, then 0.5 part of dibenzoyl peroxide is added, air in the reaction kettle is removed by a nitrogen bubbling method, then the reaction is carried out for 10 hours under the closed condition at the temperature of 80 ℃, and a semitransparent ethylene-silane copolymer solution is obtained after cooling.
Example 2
100 parts of vinyl methyl diethoxysilane, 20 parts of ethyl methacrylate and 200 parts of benzyl alcohol are placed in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, then 0.4 part of azobisisobutyronitrile is added, air in the reaction kettle is removed by an argon bubbling method, then the reaction is carried out for 8 hours at 60 ℃, and the ethylene-silane copolymer solution is obtained after cooling.
Example 3
100 parts of vinyl dimethylmethoxysilane, 10 parts of acrylonitrile and 150 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide are placed in a reaction kettle, then 0.6 part of dicumyl peroxide is added, air in the reaction kettle is removed by a nitrogen bubbling method, then the reaction is carried out for 8 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ under a closed condition, and the yellow semitransparent ethylene-silane copolymer solution is obtained after cooling.
Example 4
Placing 60 parts of vinyl methyl dimethoxysilane, 40 parts of vinyl dimethyl methoxysilane, 15 parts of methyl methacrylate and 150 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide into a reaction kettle, adding 0.8 part of azobisisobutyronitrile, removing air in the reaction kettle by using a nitrogen bubbling method, reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃ under a closed condition, and cooling to obtain a semitransparent ethylene-silane copolymer solution.
Example 5
100 parts of the ethylene-silane copolymer solution obtained in example 1 and 15.5 parts of ethyl orthosilicate (the amount is 40 wt% based on the mass of the ethylene-silane copolymer) were mixed, 81mL of an HF solution (the mass ratio of water to acetone is 2:10, and the HF content is 5 wt%) was added dropwise, the mixture was mixed well and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours to hydrolyze and condense alkoxy groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer into a sol, an ammonia solution (the mass ratio of water to acetone is 2:10, and the ammonia content is 2 wt%) was added dropwise to a pH of 8.5, and after the gel was formed, the mixture was sealed at room temperature and aged for 24 hours to obtain wet gel B. Wherein the molar ratio of the water content in the HF solution to the alkoxy groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution and ethyl orthosilicate obtained in example 1 was 1: 1.5; replacing the aged wet gel with ethanol for 3 times, 8 hours each time, and passing CO2And (5) performing supercritical drying to obtain the aerogel. The obtained aerogel had a density of 0.24g/cm3Specific surface area 634m2(iv)/g, maximum specific compressive strength of 51.3 N.m/kg.
Example 6
100 parts of the ethylene-silane copolymer solution obtained in example 2 and 5.2 parts of ethyl orthosilicate (the amount of ethyl orthosilicate is 20 wt% based on the mass of the ethylene-silane copolymer) were mixed, 84mL of an HF solution (the mass ratio of water to benzyl alcohol is 1:10, and the HF content is 3 wt%) was added dropwise, the mixture was mixed well, reacted at room temperature for 1.5 hours to hydrolyze and condense alkoxy groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer into a sol, then an ammonia solution (the mass ratio of water to benzyl alcohol is 5:10, and the ammonia content is 4 wt%) was added dropwise to a pH of 8, and after the gel was formed, the mixture was hermetically aged at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain wet gel B. Wherein HF is dissolvedThe molar ratio of the water content in the solution to the alkoxy groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution and ethyl orthosilicate obtained in example 2 was 1: 1.1; replacing the aged wet gel with ethanol for 3 times, 8 hours each time, and passing CO2And (5) performing supercritical drying to obtain the aerogel. The obtained aerogel had a density of 0.18g/cm3Specific surface area of 515m2(iv)/g, maximum specific compressive strength of 48.2 N.m/kg.
Example 7
100 parts of the ethylene-silane copolymer solution obtained in example 3 and 7 parts of methyl orthosilicate (the amount is 20 wt% based on the mass of the ethylene-silane copolymer) were mixed, 26.2mL of an HF solution (the mass ratio of water: N, N-dimethylformamide is 5:10, the HF content is 5 wt%) was added dropwise, the mixture was mixed well, reacted at room temperature for 1 hour to hydrolyze and condense alkoxy groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer into a sol, then an ammonia solution (the mass ratio of water: N, N-dimethylformamide is 1:10, the ammonia content is 2.5 wt%) was added dropwise to a pH of 8, and after the gel was formed, the mixture was hermetically aged at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain wet gel B. Wherein the molar ratio of the water content in the HF solution to the alkoxy groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution and ethyl orthosilicate obtained in example 3 was 1: 1.5; replacing the aged wet gel with ethanol for 3 times, 8 hours each time, and passing CO2And (5) performing supercritical drying to obtain the aerogel. The obtained aerogel had a density of 0.28g/cm3Specific surface area 681m2(iv)/g, maximum specific compressive strength of 56.3 N.m/kg.
Example 8
100 parts of the ethylene-silane copolymer solution obtained in example 4 and 3.8 parts of methyl orthosilicate (the amount thereof is 10 wt% based on the mass of the ethylene-silane copolymer) were mixed, 74.5mL of an HF solution (the mass ratio of water to isopropyl alcohol is 1:10, the HF content is 2 wt%) was added dropwise, the mixture was mixed well and reacted at room temperature for 0.5 hour to hydrolyze and condense alkoxy groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer into a sol, an ammonia solution (the mass ratio of water to isopropyl alcohol is 2:10, the ammonia content is 5 wt%) was added dropwise to a pH of 7.5, and after the gel was formed, the mixture was hermetically aged at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain wet gel B. Wherein the HF solution contained water in an amount equivalent to that of the ethylene-silane copolymer solution and ethyl orthosilicate obtained in example 4The molar ratio of the alkoxy groups is 1: 0.8; and (3) replacing the aged wet gel with ethanol for 3 times, each time lasting for 8 hours, then replacing with n-hexane for 3 times, each time lasting for 8 hours, and finally drying under normal pressure to obtain the aerogel. The obtained aerogel had a density of 0.26g/cm3Specific surface area 433m2(iv)/g, maximum specific compressive strength of 65.6 N.m/kg.

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the ethylene-silane copolymerized composite aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out free radical copolymerization on vinyl-alkoxy silane and a vinyl monomer to obtain an ethylene-silane copolymer solution A, preparing an organic silicon composite wet gel B by adopting a sol-gel process, and drying the organic silicon composite wet gel B at normal pressure or supercritical pressure to obtain an organic silicon composite aerogel;
the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A is prepared by the following steps of:
Figure FDA0003247071590000011
placing the mixture in an inert gas environment, and polymerizing at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 6-10 hours to obtain an ethylene-silane copolymer solution A; wherein the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, N-propanol, benzyl alcohol, N-butanol or acetone; the acrylic monomer is any one of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate or ethyl methacrylate and a compound combination;
the preparation method of the organic silicon composite wet gel B by the sol-gel process comprises the following steps: dropwise adding an HF solution into the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A and a curing agent, fully and uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 0.5-2 hours to hydrolyze and condense alkoxy in the ethylene-silane copolymer into sol, then dropwise adding ammonia water, adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.5, and after gel is formed, sealing and aging at room temperature to obtain wet gel B; the curing agent is any one of ethyl orthosilicate or methyl orthosilicate; the dosage of the curing agent is 10-40% of the mass of the ethylene-silane copolymer.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the radical initiator is any one of dicumyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide; the alkoxy in the vinyl-alkoxy silane is any one or a compound combination of vinyl dimethyl methoxy silane, vinyl methyl dimethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl dimethyl ethoxy silane, vinyl methyl diethoxy silane or vinyl triethoxy silane.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the HF solution has a mass concentration of 2-5%; the solvent of the HF solution is a mixed solvent of water and the same solvent in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A, and the mass ratio of the water in the mixed solvent to the same solvent in the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A is 1-5: 10.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous ammonia has a mass concentration of 2 to 5%, and the aqueous ammonia has a solvent comprising a mixed solvent of water and the same solvent as that of the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A, and the mass ratio of water to the same solvent as that of the ethylene-silane copolymer solution A in the mixed solvent is 1 to 5: 10.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the dropwise addition in the HF solution is such that the molar ratio of the water content in the HF solution to the hydrolyzable functional groups in the ethylene-silane copolymer and the curing agent is 1:0.8 to 1.5.
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