CN111153509A - Hard water softener and method of use - Google Patents
Hard water softener and method of use Download PDFInfo
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- CN111153509A CN111153509A CN202010011882.7A CN202010011882A CN111153509A CN 111153509 A CN111153509 A CN 111153509A CN 202010011882 A CN202010011882 A CN 202010011882A CN 111153509 A CN111153509 A CN 111153509A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/105—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances combined with inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
- C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly discloses a hard water softener and an application method thereof. The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps: dissolving one or more than two softening agents of boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid in distilled water to prepare a softening agent mother solution; adding the softener mother liquor into hard water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution; aerating the mixed solution to finish softening hard water. The softener provided by the invention is a nontoxic and easily available chemical substance, and can remove temporary hardness and permanent hardness in a water body. The method for softening hard water provided by the invention has the advantages of simple application process and easiness in control, and is a simpler, more convenient, more efficient and more environment-friendly method for softening hard water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly discloses a hard water softener and an application method thereof.
Background
Hard water refers to water containing more soluble calcium and magnesium compounds. When calcium and magnesium ions exist in the form of bicarbonate in the water body, the water body is called temporary hard water. When the water is boiled, the salts can generate basic carbonate to precipitate out, which seriously damages heating equipment and pipelines and influences the service life of instruments. When calcium and magnesium ions exist in the forms of sulfate, chloride and nitrate, the calcium and magnesium ions are called permanent hard water. Permanent hard water, although not precipitated with boiling, also has an impact on human health and life. For example, if people drink hard water for a long time, the diseases of digestive system, urinary system and hematopoietic system can be caused, and the disease rate of calculi in the human body filtration system is increased. Moreover, hard water can affect the detergency of soaps and detergents, causing inconvenience to daily production and life. Therefore, water softening is an essential pretreatment process for the use of hard water.
Softeners are one of the effective ways to soften hard water. The softener applied to softening hard water at present mainly comprises chemical substances such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, acrylamide, short molecular chain organic acid, hydrogen peroxide, copperas, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylamide, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate, sodium silicate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, benzisothiazolinone, phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid and the like, and also comprises natural substances such as diatomite, activated carbon, sea buckthorn seeds, meal beet pulp and the like. However, the existing softeners all comprise the mixing of various chemical substances or the pretreatment of natural substances, so that the existing softeners are complicated in manufacturing process and inconvenient to use.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a hard water softener and its use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hard water softening agent and an application method thereof.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a hard water softener comprising one or more of boric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid;
wherein the softener is dissolved in distilled water to prepare a softener mother liquor, and the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 20-50 g/L.
The softener provided by the invention is a nontoxic and easily available chemical substance, and can remove temporary hardness and permanent hardness in a water body.
Preferably, the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 30 g/L.
When the concentration of the softener mother liquor is the concentration, the effect of the softener is best.
The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps:
dissolving one or more than two softening agents of boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid in distilled water to prepare a softening agent mother solution;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
aerating the mixed solution at a certain air flow rate to finish softening hard water.
The method has simple and convenient process, and can effectively remove calcium and magnesium ions in the hard water by only stirring and aerating processes to soften the hard water.
Preferably, the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 20-50 g/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 30 g/L.
Preferably, the softener mother solution is added into hard water, and stirred for 5-25 minutes at the stirring speed of 200-600r/min to obtain a mixed solution.
Preferably, the softener mother liquor is added into hard water, and stirred for 5 minutes at the stirring speed of 400r/min to obtain a mixed solution.
Preferably, aerating the mixed solution at a flow rate to accomplish softening of hard water, specifically comprising:
aerating the mixed solution with the air flow of 200-.
Preferably, the mixed solution is aerated for 4 minutes at a gas flow rate of 800mL/min to complete the softening of hard water.
Preferably, the softener mother liquor is added into hard water and stirred uniformly, and the obtained mixed solution specifically comprises:
adding softener mother liquor into hard water to prepare mixed solutions with the concentration of 45-135mg/L respectively.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
1. The hard water softener provided by the invention is a nontoxic and easily-obtained chemical substance, can simultaneously react with sodium bicarbonate and calcium magnesium ions in hard water, and simultaneously removes temporary hardness and permanent hardness in a water body;
2. according to the hard water softener provided by the invention, because the dissociation constant of a precipitate formed by the softener and calcium and magnesium ions is very small, under the condition of appropriate addition amount, impurities cannot be introduced into hard water for the second time, so that the hard water softening process is truly green and pollution-free;
3. the hard water softener provided by the invention can partially settle fluoride ions slightly exceeding the standard in water, so that the standard of water for water diversion is reached;
4. the method for softening hard water provided by the invention has the advantages of simple application process and easy control, and is a simpler, more convenient, more efficient and more environment-friendly method for softening hard water.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of softening hard water according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a hard water softener comprising one or more of boric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid;
wherein the softener is dissolved in distilled water to prepare a softener mother liquor, and the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 20-50 g/L.
The softener provided by the invention is a nontoxic and easily available chemical substance, and can remove temporary hardness and permanent hardness in a water body.
Specifically, the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 30 g/L.
The method of the invention takes one or a mixture of more than two of boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid as a softener, compared with the existing softener components, the toxicity is lower, and cations and anions in the softener can respectively react with bicarbonate ions and calcium magnesium ions in hard water and are removed from the hard water in an air blowing or precipitation mode. In addition, the boric acid, the oxalic acid and the malonic acid are nontoxic and easily obtained chemical substances, and can simultaneously react with sodium bicarbonate and calcium magnesium ions in hard water to respectively generate carbon dioxide and calcium magnesium precipitates and simultaneously remove temporary hardness and permanent hardness in a water body. Secondly, because the dissociation constant of the precipitate formed by the softening agent and calcium and magnesium ions is very small, under the condition of proper addition amount, impurities cannot be introduced into hard water for the second time, so that the hard water softening process is truly green and pollution-free.
In addition, after the softener is used, the fluoride ion part slightly exceeding the standard in a water sample can be settled to reach the drinking water standard.
The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps:
wherein the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 20-50 g/L;
And step 003, aerating the mixed solution with a gas flow of 200-1000mL/min for 1-6 minutes to complete the softening of the hard water.
The method has simple and convenient process, and can effectively remove calcium and magnesium ions in the hard water by only stirring and aerating processes to soften the hard water.
The invention controls the pH value of the solution through aeration, thereby removing bicarbonate ions and partial calcium and magnesium ions in hard water, and simultaneously precipitating partial fluoride ions in the sedimentation process of the bicarbonate ions and the calcium and magnesium ions to ensure that the fluoride ions in the water reach the drinking water standard.
Water samples related to the embodiment of the invention are fluorine-containing high-hardness water, and the water quality indexes are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 raw Water quality analysis
In order to better explain the technical scheme of the invention, the invention provides the following specific embodiments.
Example 1
The invention provides a hard water softener, which is boric acid, wherein the boric acid is dissolved in distilled water to prepare a softener mother solution, and the concentration of the softener mother solution is 20g/L, 30g/L and 50 g/L.
Example 2
The invention provides a hard water softener, which is prepared by selecting oxalic acid, dissolving the oxalic acid in distilled water and preparing a softener mother solution, wherein the concentration of the softener mother solution is 30 g/L.
Example 3
The invention provides a hard water softener, which selects oxalic acid and malonic acid, respectively dissolves the oxalic acid and the malonic acid in distilled water to prepare stock solutions with the concentration of 30g/L, and then prepares softener mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 9: 1.
Example 4
The invention provides a hard water softener, which is prepared by respectively dissolving oxalic acid and boric acid in distilled water to prepare stock solutions with the concentration of 50g/L and then preparing softener mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 7: 3.
Example 5
The invention provides a hard water softener, which is prepared by selecting boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid, respectively dissolving the boric acid, the oxalic acid and the malonic acid in distilled water to respectively prepare stock solutions with the concentration of 30g/L, and then preparing softener mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 6:3: 1.
Example 6
The invention provides a hard water softener, which is prepared by selecting boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid, respectively dissolving the boric acid, the oxalic acid and the malonic acid in distilled water to respectively prepare stock solutions with the concentration of 30g/L, and then preparing softener mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 7:2: 1.
Example 7
The invention provides a hard water softener, which is prepared by selecting boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid, respectively dissolving the boric acid, the oxalic acid and the malonic acid in distilled water to respectively prepare stock solutions with the concentration of 30g/L, and then preparing softener mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 8:1: 1.
Example 8
The present invention also provides a method of softening hard water using the softening agent of example 1, comprising the steps of:
dissolving boric acid as a softener in distilled water to prepare softener mother liquor with the concentration of 20g/L, 30g/L and 50 g/L;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water to enable the concentration of the softener mother liquor to be 90 mg/L;
stirring for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 400r/min, and uniformly mixing;
aerating the mixed solution at the air flow of 800mL/min for 1.5 minutes to finish softening the hard water.
The total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, temporary hardness, etc. of the water sample were determined by reference to standard methods.
The detection result is as follows: when the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 20, 30 and 50g/L respectively, the total hardness of the treated water sample is 305, 301 and 306mg/L respectively; bicarbonate concentration was 4.3, 4.2 and 4.4mmol/L, respectively; the temporary hardness was 9.5, 9 and 10.5mg/L, respectively.
From the above results, it is understood that the initial concentration of the boric acid mother liquor slightly affects the removal of the hardness, and the temporary hardness and the permanent hardness can be removed well at a mother liquor concentration of 30 g/L. In addition, unexpectedly, the fluoride ion concentration in the water sample is also reduced from the initial 1.31mg/L to 0.97, 0.95 and 0.93mg/L, which are lower than 1.2mg/L in the national standard GBT5750-2006 for drinking water.
Example 9
The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps:
the softener (oxalic acid) in example 2 was dissolved in distilled water to prepare a softener mother liquor having a concentration of 30 g/L;
adding softener mother liquor into hard water to make the final concentration of the softener mother liquor 45, 60, 90, 105, 120 and 135mg/L respectively;
stirring for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 300r/min, and uniformly mixing;
aerating the mixed solution at the air flow of 600mL/min for 4 minutes to finish softening the hard water.
The total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, temporary hardness, etc. of the water sample were determined by reference to standard methods.
The detection result is as follows: when the final concentration of oxalic acid in the water sample is 45, 60, 90, 105, 120 and 135mg/L respectively, the total hardness of the treated water sample is 305, 293, 268, 245, 238 and 225mg/L respectively; the bicarbonate concentration is respectively 4.65, 4.4, 3.75, 3.65, 3.55 and 3.4 mmol/L; the temporary hardness was 9.5, 5, 0mg/L, respectively.
In addition, the fluoride ion concentration in the water sample is respectively reduced to 1.01, 0.98, 0.97, 0.95 and 0.94mg/L from the initial 1.31mg/L, and the requirement of national drinking water standard GBT5750-2006 is met.
From the above results, it is known that when the addition amount of oxalic acid is 90mg/L, the temporary hardness in the water body can be effectively removed, and the fluoride ion can reach the national drinking water standard.
Example 10
The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps:
malonic acid and oxalic acid in example 3 as softeners are dissolved in distilled water to prepare stock solution with the concentration of 30g/L, and then softener mother solution is prepared according to the volume ratio of 9: 1;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water to ensure that the final concentration is 105 mg/L;
stirring at 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600r/min for 5 minutes, and mixing uniformly;
aerating the mixed solution at the air flow of 600mL/min for 4 minutes to finish softening the hard water.
The total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, temporary hardness, etc. of the water sample were determined by reference to standard methods.
The detection result is as follows: when the stirring speed is respectively 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600r/min, the total hardness of the treated water sample is respectively 303, 294, 290, 292 and 300 mg/L; the bicarbonate concentration is 4.85, 4.78, 4.55, 4.62 and 4.74mmol/L respectively; the temporary hardness was 19, 16, 12, 12.5, 15mg/L, respectively. In addition, the fluoride ion concentration in the water sample is respectively reduced to 0.98, 0.95, 0.97 and 0.97mg/L from the initial 1.31mg/L, and the requirement of the national drinking water standard GBT5750-2006 is met.
From the above results, it is understood that the temporary hardness and fluorine ions in the water can be effectively removed at a stirring speed of 400 r/min.
Example 11
The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps:
malonic acid and oxalic acid in example 3 as softeners are dissolved in distilled water to prepare stock solution with the concentration of 30g/L, and then softener mother solution is prepared according to the volume ratio of 9: 1;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water to enable the final concentration to be 90 mg/L;
stirring at a stirring speed of 400r/min for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25min respectively, and mixing uniformly;
aerating the mixed solution at the air flow of 600mL/min for 4 minutes to finish softening the hard water.
And determining the total hardness, the bicarbonate radical concentration, the temporary hardness and the like of the water sample according to a standard method.
And (3) detection results: when the stirring time is respectively 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25min, the total hardness of the treated water sample is respectively 294, 305, 311, 312 and 309 mg/L; the bicarbonate concentration is 4.45, 4.2, 4.4, 4.25 and 4.2mmol/L respectively; the temporary hardness was 13.3, 9, 12, 9.5, 10.5mg/L, respectively.
In addition, the fluoride ion concentration in the water sample is respectively reduced to 0.99, 0.97, 0.98, 0.97 and 0.97mg/L from the initial 1.31mg/L, and the requirement of national drinking water standard GBT5750-2006 is met.
From the above results, the stirring time is 5-25 minutes, the effect of removing hardness can be achieved, and 5 minutes is selected as a preferable stirring time length in consideration of energy consumption in the stirring process.
Example 12
The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps:
oxalic acid and boric acid in example 4 as softeners are dissolved in distilled water to prepare stock solution with the concentration of 50g/L, and then softener mother solution is prepared according to the volume ratio of 7: 3;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water to make the final concentration of the softener mother liquor 100mg/L respectively;
stirring for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 400r/min, and uniformly mixing;
aerating the mixed solution at the air flow of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000mL/min for 4 minutes to finish the softening of hard water.
The total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, temporary hardness, etc. of the water sample were determined by reference to standard methods.
And (3) detection results: when the aeration flow rates are respectively 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000mL/min, the total hardness of the treated water sample is respectively 307, 305, 304, 302 and 304 mg/L; the bicarbonate concentration is respectively 4.5, 4.35, 4.25, 4.15 and 4.2 mmol/L; the temporary hardness was 15, 12, 10, 7.5, 8.5mg/L, respectively. The concentration of the fluorinion is respectively reduced to 0.95, 0.94, 0.92 and 0.93mg/L from the initial 1.31mg/L, and the requirement of national drinking water standard GBT5750-2006 is met.
From the above results, it can be seen that the aeration flow rate has a certain influence on the hardness removal effect of the softener, and when the aeration flow rate is 800mL/min, a good hardness removal effect can be obtained.
Example 13
The invention also provides a method for softening hard water, which comprises the following steps:
the softeners (oxalic acid, boric acid and malonic acid) in example 5, example 6 and example 7 are dissolved in distilled water, stock solutions with the concentration of 30g/L are respectively prepared, and softener mother solutions are respectively prepared according to the volume ratios of 6:3:1, 7:2:1 and 8:1: 1;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water to make the final concentration of the softener mother liquor 100mg/L respectively;
stirring for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 400r/min, and uniformly mixing;
aerating the mixed solution at the air flow of 800mL/min for 4 minutes to finish softening the hard water.
The total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, temporary hardness, etc. of the water sample were determined by reference to standard methods.
The detection result is as follows: the total hardness of the treated water sample is 306, 300 and 294mg/L respectively; the bicarbonate concentration is 4.08, 4.25 and 4.28mmol/L respectively; the temporary hardness was 8.7, 9.5, and 9.7mg/L, respectively. The concentration of the fluorinion is respectively reduced to 0.95, 0.96 and 0.95mg/L from 1.31mg/L, which meets the requirement of national drinking water standard GBT 5750-2006.
The invention also makes a relevant comparative test, selecting several common acids for softening water as softening agents and selecting oxalic acid, boric acid and malonic acid as the selection of the invention, the process is as follows:
hydrochloric acid, citric acid and the softener (oxalic acid, boric acid and malonic acid) in example 5 are respectively dissolved in distilled water to prepare stock solution with the concentration of 30g/L, and the oxalic acid, the boric acid and the malonic acid in example 5 are prepared into softener mother solution in the volume ratio of 6:3: 1;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water to make the final concentration of the softener mother liquor 100mg/L respectively;
stirring for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 400r/min, and uniformly mixing;
aerating the mixed solution at the air flow of 800mL/min for 4 minutes to finish softening the hard water.
The total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, temporary hardness, etc. of the water sample were determined by reference to standard methods.
The detection result is as follows: the total hardness of the treated water sample is 359, 300 and 354mg/L respectively; the bicarbonate concentration is 4.08, 4.05 and 4.08mmol/L respectively; the temporary hardness was 0, 8.7mg/L, respectively. The concentration of the fluorinion is reduced to 1.08, 0.68 and 0.95mg/L from the initial 1.31 mg/L.
From the above results, it can be seen that, compared with the softener used in the present invention, hydrochloric acid and citric acid are used as the softener to remove bicarbonate ions in hard water and reduce the temporary hardness of hard water, but the two softeners hardly improve the total hardness of hard water, and hydrochloric acid as the softener does not reach the standard of fluoride ions and introduces chloride ions or citrate ions into the softened water, so that, in combination with the above indexes, the oxalic acid, boric acid and malonic acid selected in the present invention have outstanding characteristics and unexpected beneficial effects.
Although embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, and further modifications may be readily implemented by those skilled in the art, and the invention is thus not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A hard water softener is characterized by comprising one or more than two of boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid;
wherein the softener is dissolved in distilled water to prepare a softener mother liquor, and the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 20-50 g/L.
2. The hard water softener of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the softener mother liquor is 30 g/L.
3. A method of softening hard water comprising the steps of:
dissolving one or more than two softening agents of boric acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid in distilled water to prepare a softening agent mother solution;
adding the softener mother liquor into hard water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
aerating the mixed solution at a certain air flow rate to finish softening hard water.
4. The method of softening hard water according to claim 3, wherein the softener mother liquor concentration is 20 to 50 g/L.
5. The method of softening hard water according to claim 4, wherein the softener mother liquor concentration is 30 g/L.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the softener mother solution is added to the hard water and stirred at a stirring speed of 200-600r/min for 5-25 minutes to obtain a mixed solution.
7. The method of softening hard water according to claim 6, wherein the softener mother liquor is added to hard water and stirred at a stirring speed of 400r/min for 5 minutes to obtain a mixed solution.
8. The method of softening hard water according to claim 3, wherein aerating the mixed solution with a gas flow rate to accomplish softening of hard water comprises:
aerating the mixed solution with the air flow of 200-.
9. The method of softening hard water according to claim 8, wherein the softening of hard water is accomplished by aerating the mixed solution for 4 minutes at a gas flow rate of 800 mL/min.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of adding the softener mother liquor to the hard water and stirring the mixture to obtain a mixed solution comprises:
adding softener mother liquor into hard water to prepare mixed solutions with the concentration of 45-135mg/L respectively.
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Citations (1)
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| US20170320764A1 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2017-11-09 | Dalli-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pectin comprising effervescent compositions |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170320764A1 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2017-11-09 | Dalli-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pectin comprising effervescent compositions |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 弗里曼: "《弗里曼 弗里曼. 趣味化学小实验》", 31 December 1980 * |
| 王旭: "《用陶瓷膜处理高硬深井水的研究》", 15 January 2005 * |
| 蔡春芳 梅博文 马亭 陈传平等: "《塔里木盆地流体-岩石相互作用研究[M]》", 31 December 1997 * |
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