CN111147169A - Modeling model and modeling method for low-orbit satellite space-ground communication channel - Google Patents

Modeling model and modeling method for low-orbit satellite space-ground communication channel Download PDF

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CN111147169A
CN111147169A CN201911376501.9A CN201911376501A CN111147169A CN 111147169 A CN111147169 A CN 111147169A CN 201911376501 A CN201911376501 A CN 201911376501A CN 111147169 A CN111147169 A CN 111147169A
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module
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orbit satellite
communication channel
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王艳峰
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Dongfanghong Satellite Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance

Abstract

The invention discloses a modeling model and a modeling method for a low orbit satellite space-ground communication channel. The method can realize switching among a direct projection state, a medium shadow state and a deep shadow state based on a Markov chain process, and simultaneously considers transmission delay, noise, large Doppler frequency offset and frequency offset change rate, thereby not only describing the characteristics of a communication channel of a static and non-static orbit satellite, but also describing the conditions of broadband and narrowband communication, and more accurately describing the transmission characteristics of a mobile communication channel of a low-orbit satellite.

Description

Modeling model and modeling method for low-orbit satellite space-ground communication channel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 6G mobile communication, and particularly relates to a modeling model and a modeling method for a low-orbit satellite sky-ground communication channel.
Background
The characteristics of low orbit, small transmission delay, low terminal requirement and the like of the low-orbit satellite mobile communication system make the low-orbit satellite mobile communication system a main development direction of the satellite communication system. In a low-earth-orbit satellite mobile communication system, signals are affected by factors such as doppler effect, shadowing effect, multipath effect and propagation noise. Therefore, in the development of the low-earth satellite mobile communication system, in order to verify the reliability of the system, it is necessary to know the influence of the low-earth satellite channel on the system signal. Therefore, in order to better transmit the low-earth satellite signal and improve the transmission quality, the channel characteristics of the low-earth satellite must be further understood.
Although the data obtained by the field actual measurement can accurately reflect the channel characteristics of the low-earth orbit satellite, the field actual measurement is often performed for renting an actual satellite link and is performed for a certain specific environment, the satellite elevation angle and the movement direction, the actual measurement under different scenes not only consumes huge manpower, financial resources and material resources, but also cannot guarantee the same test conditions and channel conditions, and cannot artificially change the channel parameters, and sometimes the symptom of the problem is difficult to find.
Aiming at the complexity and difficult predictability of the low-earth orbit satellite channel, the real channel cannot be analyzed anytime and anywhere in practice, and the real channel is usually simulated by adopting a channel model. Among the many methods, probability distribution models are the method commonly used by researchers. Currently, the probability distribution models commonly used in domestic and foreign research for describing the fading characteristics of satellite communication channels include a c.lo model, a Corazza model and a Lutz model. Although these three models can basically describe the propagation characteristics of the satellite channel approximately, the state duration and its statistical properties cannot be accurately modeled for such complex channels of low earth orbit satellites.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a modeling model and a modeling method for a low-earth orbit satellite communication channel, which can describe the transmission characteristics of the low-earth orbit satellite mobile communication channel more accurately.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a modeling model of a satellite earth-space communication channel of a low orbit comprises a Doppler frequency shift and change rate module, a multipath delay and gain module, a Rician module, a lognormal module, a state transition control module and a Gauss white noise module, wherein an input signal is processed by the Doppler frequency shift and change rate module to output a signal, the output signal is respectively transmitted to the multipath delay and gain module and the lognormal module in two paths, the output signal of the multipath delay and gain module is processed by the Rician module to output a signal to the state transition control module, the output signal of the lognormal module is transmitted to the state transition control module, the state transition control module processes the two paths of signals to output a signal to the Gauss white noise module, and the Gauss white noise module processes the signals to output the signal.
A modeling method for a low earth orbit satellite heaven-earth communication channel comprises the following steps:
s1: setting Doppler frequency offset value f according to frequency band selected by low-earth-orbit satellite mobile communication system0Frequency deviation change rate value delta f and multipath number L;
s2: the input signal x (t) passes through the Doppler frequency shift and its change rate module, and the output signal is y1(t)；
S3: signal y1(t) one path passes through the multipath delay and gain module, and the output signal is y2(t), the other path passes through a lognormal module, and the output signal is y3(t)；
S4: signal y2(t) through Rician module, output signal is y4(t)；
S5: the control module determines that the output is y based on the state transition3(t)、y4(t) or y3(t)+y4(t) let the output signal be y5(t)；
S6: signal y5(t) through Gauss white noise module, realizing output of signal y through low orbit satellite channelt(t)。
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: a Doppler frequency shift and change rate module for outputting a signal y if the input signal is x (t)1(t) is:
Figure BDA0002341120150000031
in the formula, t is time, and exp (×) is a natural exponential function.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: multipath delay and gain module, if the input signal is y1(t), then the output signal is y2(t) is:
Figure BDA0002341120150000032
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002341120150000033
is the sign of the convolution operation, δ (τ) is the unit pulse function, τlIs the delay of the l-th path.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: lognormal module, its probability density function fz(z) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000034
where z is the amplitude of the signal, μ is the mean value of lnz, d0The variance of lnz is shown, ln (×) is a natural logarithmic function.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: rician module, probability density function fr(r) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000035
where r is the amplitude of the received signal, z is the amplitude of the direct wave signal, σ2Representing the average multipath power, I0(.) is a Bessel function with a first class of zero order modifications.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: state transition control module, transition probability matrix P thereoftAs follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000041
in the formula, pi|jFor a given state i (i ═ 1,2 …, N), the conditional probability of state j (j ═ 1,2 …, N).
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: gauss white noise module, probability density function P thereofn(f) As follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000042
in the formula, n0If the noise is a normal number, the noise is called white noise.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can realize the switching among a direct shadow state, a medium shadow state and a deep shadow state based on the Markov chain process, and simultaneously considers the transmission time delay, the noise, the large Doppler frequency offset and the frequency offset change rate.
(2) The invention can describe the communication channel characteristics of the stationary and non-stationary orbit satellite, can describe the conditions of broadband and narrowband communication, and can more accurately describe the transmission characteristics of the mobile communication channel of the low orbit satellite.
(3) The invention can realize the setting of the Doppler frequency offset value f for the selected frequency band (L frequency band, Ka frequency band, etc.)0Frequency deviation change rate value delta f, multipath number L value and the like, and the transmission characteristics of various environments and frequency band low-orbit satellite mobile communication channels are simulated.
(4) The method adopts the Markov chain process, and is more beneficial to realizing the prediction of the future long-term channel state.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only two of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a modeling model diagram of a method for modeling an earth-space communication channel of a low earth orbit satellite according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of an approximate Rician simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of an approximate lognormal simulation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a modeling method of a low-orbit satellite space-ground communication channel, which can realize switching among a direct projection state, a medium shadow state and a deep shadow state based on a Markov chain process in practical application, and simultaneously considers transmission delay, noise, large Doppler frequency offset and frequency offset change rate.
As shown in fig. 1, the model of the low earth orbit satellite earth-ground communication channel of the present invention mainly includes a doppler shift and change rate module, a multipath delay and gain module, a Rician module, a lognormal module, a state transition control module, and a Gauss white noise module, and with the model, the modeling method of the low earth orbit satellite earth-ground communication channel includes the following steps:
step A: setting a Doppler frequency offset value f according to a frequency band (L frequency band f is 1.6GHz) selected by a low-earth satellite mobile communication system038KHz, 500Hz/s, 5 multipath, and then go to step B.
And B: the input signal x (t) passes through the Doppler frequency shift and its change rate module, and the output signal is y1(t) is:
Figure BDA0002341120150000051
in the formula, t is time, and exp (×) is a natural exponential function.
And C: signal y1(t) one path passes through the multipath delay and gain module, and the output signal is y2(t); the other path passes through a lognormal module, and the output signal is y3(t); the calculations are shown below:
Figure BDA0002341120150000061
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002341120150000062
is the sign of the convolution operation, δ (τ) is the unit pulse function, τlIs the delay of the l-th path, its lognormal distribution probability density function fz(z) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000063
where z is the amplitude of the signal, μ is the mean value of lnz, d0The variance of lnz is shown, ln (×) is a natural logarithmic function.
Step D: signal y2(t) through Rician module, output signal is y4(t) Rician distribution thereof, probability density function f thereofr(r) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000064
where r is the amplitude of the received signal, z is the amplitude of the direct wave signal, σ2Representing the average multipath power, I0(.) is a Bessel function with a first class of zero order modifications.
Step E: the control module determines that the output is y based on the state transition3(t)、y4(t) or y3(t)+y4(t) let the output signal be y5(t) transition probability matrix P of its state transition control moduletAs follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000065
in the formula, pi|jFor a given state i (i ═ 1,2 …, N), the conditional probability of state j (j ═ 1,2 …, N).
Step F: signal y5(t) through Gauss white noise module, realizing output of signal y through low orbit satellite channelt(t) probability density function P of Gaussian white noisen(f) As follows:
Figure BDA0002341120150000071
in the formula, n0If the noise is a normal number, the noise is called white noise.
The method for modeling the low-orbit satellite earth-ground communication channel is applied to the reality, and as shown in fig. 2 to fig. 3, the approximate Rician simulation graph and the approximate lognormal simulation graph obtained by the method are adopted. It can be known from the figure that the modeling method of the low-orbit satellite earth-ground communication channel provided by the invention can accurately describe the transmission characteristics of the low-orbit satellite mobile communication channel.
The invention relates to a modeling method of a low-orbit satellite space-ground communication channel, which can realize switching among a direct shadow state, a medium shadow state and a deep shadow state based on a Markov chain process, and simultaneously considers transmission delay, noise, large Doppler frequency offset and frequency offset change rate. The model can describe the communication channel characteristics of the stationary and non-stationary orbit satellite, can describe the conditions of broadband and narrowband communication, and can more accurately describe the transmission characteristics of the mobile communication channel of the low-orbit satellite.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. A modeling model of a satellite earth-space communication channel of a low orbit is characterized by comprising a Doppler frequency shift and change rate module, a multipath delay and gain module, a Rician module, a lognormal module, a state transition control module and a Gauss white noise module, wherein an input signal is processed by the Doppler frequency shift and change rate module and then is output to a signal, the output signal is respectively transmitted to the multipath delay and gain module and the lognormal module in two paths, the output signal of the multipath delay and gain module is processed by the Rician module and then is output to the state transition control module, the output signal of the lognormal module is transmitted to the state transition control module, the state transition control module processes the two paths of signals and then outputs to the Gauss white noise module, and the Gauss white noise module processes the signals and then outputs the signals.
2. A modeling method for a low-orbit satellite heaven-earth communication channel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: according to low-earth orbit satellite mobile communicationSetting Doppler frequency deviation value f for selected frequency band of communication system0Frequency deviation change rate value delta f and multipath number L;
s2: the input signal x (t) passes through the Doppler frequency shift and its change rate module, and the output signal is y1(t)；
S3: signal y1(t) one path passes through the multipath delay and gain module, and the output signal is y2(t), the other path passes through a lognormal module, and the output signal is y3(t)；
S4: signal y2(t) through Rician module, output signal is y4(t)；
S5: the control module determines that the output is y based on the state transition3(t)、y4(t) or y3(t)+y4(t) let the output signal be y5(t)；
S6: signal y5(t) through Gauss white noise module, realizing output of signal y through low orbit satellite channelt(t)。
3. The method of modeling a low earth orbit satellite communication channel of claim 1, wherein: a Doppler frequency shift and change rate module for outputting a signal y if the input signal is x (t)1(t) is:
Figure FDA0002341120140000011
in the formula, t is time, and exp (×) is a natural exponential function.
4. The method of modeling a low earth orbit satellite communication channel of claim 1, wherein: multipath delay and gain module, if the input signal is y1(t), then the output signal is y2(t) is:
Figure FDA0002341120140000021
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002341120140000022
is a sign of a convolution operationDelta (tau) is a unit pulse function, taulIs the delay of the l-th path.
5. The method of modeling a low earth orbit satellite communication channel of claim 1, wherein: lognormal module, its probability density function fz(z) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002341120140000023
where z is the amplitude of the signal, μ is the mean value of lnz, d0The variance of lnz is shown, ln (×) is a natural logarithmic function.
6. The method of modeling a low earth orbit satellite communication channel of claim 1, wherein: rician module, probability density function fr(r) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002341120140000024
where r is the amplitude of the received signal, z is the amplitude of the direct wave signal, σ2Representing the average multipath power, I0(.) is a Bessel function with a first class of zero order modifications.
7. The method of modeling a low earth orbit satellite communication channel of claim 1, wherein: state transition control module, transition probability matrix P thereoftAs follows:
Figure FDA0002341120140000025
in the formula, pi|jFor a given state i (i ═ 1,2 …, N), the conditional probability of state j (j ═ 1,2 …, N).
8. The method of modeling a low earth orbit satellite communication channel of claim 1, wherein: gauss white noise module, probability density function P thereofn(f) As follows:
Figure FDA0002341120140000026
in the formula, n0If the noise is a normal number, the noise is called white noise.
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