CN111146886A - Permanent magnet motor and vehicle comprising same - Google Patents
Permanent magnet motor and vehicle comprising same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111146886A CN111146886A CN201811306988.9A CN201811306988A CN111146886A CN 111146886 A CN111146886 A CN 111146886A CN 201811306988 A CN201811306988 A CN 201811306988A CN 111146886 A CN111146886 A CN 111146886A
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- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- axial direction
- rotor
- permanent magnet
- segments
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- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a permanent magnet electrical machine (100) comprising: a stator (10) defining a hollow cavity and a rotor (40) received within the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity defining an axial direction (Z), first and second ends (A, B) opposite in the axial direction (Z), and a circumferential direction around the axial direction (Z), the rotor (40) including a plurality of magnet accommodating grooves (44) arranged evenly spaced along the circumferential direction and magnets (70) accommodated in the magnet accommodating grooves (44), each magnet (70) extending in an axial direction (Z), including a plurality of magnet segments (70-1, 70-2, 70-3) arranged in the axial direction (Z), and having a thickness (t) in a magnetization direction thereof, wherein the plurality of magnet segments constituting the magnet (70) have a gradually increasing maximum operating temperature (Tw) characteristic and/or have a gradually increasing thickness (t) along the axial direction (Z) from a first end (A) towards a second end (B). The application also relates to a vehicle, such as an electric motorcycle, comprising such a permanent magnet machine.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to a permanent magnet electric machine with segmented magnets and a vehicle including the permanent magnet electric machine.
Background
In electric motorcycles and other related fields, permanent magnet motors are widely used due to their compact structure and high power density.
In most applications, due to the limitation of the surrounding structure of the motor, the cooling conditions of each part of the motor are different, so that the heat dissipation of each part of the motor is uneven, and the stator and the rotor of the motor can generate local overheating phenomena.
For safety reasons, the design of the components of the electrical machine is based on their operating temperature, in particular the parameters of the magnets of the electrical machine are designed according to their highest possible operating temperature. For example, in order to satisfy the highest operating temperature that may be reached at a certain portion or a certain position, the entire magnet should have the highest operating temperature characteristic, or the maximum magnetization direction thickness, equal to or greater than the highest operating temperature. However, in practice, only a portion of the magnets experience the highest operating temperatures described above, which undoubtedly results in a waste of material, increasing the cost of the magnet material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, optimize the material characteristics of the magnet or optimize the structural design of the magnet, the sectional structure is adopted for the magnet according to the actual distribution condition of the working temperature of the magnet.
According to a specific embodiment of the present application, there is provided a permanent magnet motor including: a stator defining a hollow cavity and a rotor received in the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity defining an axial direction, first and second ends opposite in the axial direction, and a circumferential direction around the axial direction, the rotor including a plurality of magnet receiving grooves arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction and magnets received in the magnet receiving grooves, each magnet extending in the axial direction, including a plurality of magnet segments arranged in the axial direction, and having a thickness along a magnetization direction thereof, wherein the plurality of magnet segments constituting the magnet have a gradually increasing maximum operating temperature characteristic or a material gradually increasing from the maximum operating temperature characteristic and/or have a gradually increasing thickness from the first end toward the second end in the axial direction.
In a case where the plurality of magnet segments constituting the magnet have a gradually increasing thickness, a gap is formed between at least one of the magnet segments and the rotor in a magnetizing direction. The gap may be filled with an insulating material, preferably an insulating resin.
In the case where the plurality of magnet segments constituting the magnet have gradually increasing thicknesses, the rotor may include a plurality of rotor segments corresponding to the plurality of magnet segments such that each rotor segment and each corresponding magnet segment have no gap in the magnetizing direction.
The magnet accommodating groove and the accommodated magnet may have the same shape and size.
The present application also relates to a vehicle, for example an electric motorcycle, comprising the above-mentioned permanent magnet machine.
According to the method, the magnet of the permanent magnet motor is designed and manufactured into a sectional structure based on the possible highest working temperature distribution of the permanent magnet motor along the axial direction in the actual operation process, the highest working temperature characteristic of each magnet section is determined based on the highest working temperature of the magnet section, or the magnetization direction thickness of each magnet section is determined based on the actual highest working temperature distribution, in this way, the magnet material is optimized and/or the magnet structure is optimized, and the cost of the magnet and even the cost of the whole permanent magnet motor are greatly saved while the actual highest working temperature is met.
Drawings
The foregoing summary, as well as other features and advantages of the present application, is presented in the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures. It is to be noted that the drawings provided herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the application and are not to scale and are not intended to limit the scope of the application and should not be construed as limiting or exclusive. Elements or structures illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily included in all embodiments of the application and some embodiments of the application may be present in elements or structures not illustrated in the drawings. In the figure:
figure 1 is a top view of a permanent magnet electric machine according to a first example of a first embodiment of the present application;
figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet machine of figure 1 taken along a dashed cross-sectional line;
FIG. 3 shows an alternative or addition to FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 shows another alternative or addition to FIG. 2;
figure 5 is a side view of a permanent magnet electric machine according to a second embodiment of the present application; and
fig. 6 is a side view of a permanent magnet electric machine according to a third embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 and 2 depict a permanent magnet electric machine 100 according to a first example of a first embodiment of the present application. Specifically, fig. 1 shows a top view of the first example permanent magnet electric machine 100, with the magnets 70 of the permanent magnet electric machine 100 shown in phantom lines for clarity; fig. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet machine 100 of fig. 1 along a dashed cross-sectional line.
As can be seen in fig. 1, the permanent magnet motor 100 mainly comprises a stator 10 and a rotor 40. The stator 10 defines a hollow cavity, the rotor 40 is supported by the central shaft 60 and concentrically received in the hollow cavity of the stator 10, and a gap 50 is provided between an outer circumferential surface 41 of the rotor 40 and an inner circumferential surface 11 of the stator 10 defining the hollow cavity, so that the rotor 40 can rotate together with the central shaft 60 about a central axis of the central shaft 60 in the axial direction Z with respect to the stator 10. The hollow cavity that houses rotor 40 defines an axial direction Z (see fig. 2) and a circumferential direction or circumference (see fig. 1) that extends around axial direction Z of permanent magnet machine 100, and defines first and second ends a, B (see fig. 2) that are opposite in axial direction Z.
The stator 10 is formed with a plurality of coil receiving grooves 14 uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the coil receiving grooves 14 radially outwardly extend from the inner circumferential surface 11 into the stator 10, a coil 20 is housed in each coil receiving groove 14, and the coil 20 may be of any form known in the art.
The rotor 40 is formed with a plurality of magnet accommodating grooves 44 evenly arranged along the circumferential direction, the magnet accommodating grooves 44 extending the entire axial length of the rotor 40 in the axial direction Z from the outer end face 41 at the first end a to the outer end face 43 at the second end B of the rotor 40. The magnet 70 extends in the axial direction Z in the sense that each magnet accommodating groove 44 accommodates a magnet 70 conforming in shape and size thereto. As shown in fig. 1, each magnet 70 has an inherent magnetization direction M formed during the manufacturing process and a thickness t along the magnetization direction M.
In accordance with the principles of the present application, based on the problem that the heat dissipation of permanent magnet motor 100 in axial direction Z is not uniform during actual operation, and thus the operating temperature of permanent magnet motor 100 in axial direction Z is not uniform, magnets 70 are designed to be segmented along axial direction Z, that is, each magnet 70 includes a plurality of magnet segments along axial direction Z, as shown in fig. 2. In the embodiment shown in the figures, each magnet 70 includes three magnet segments 70-1, 70-2, and 70-3. In particular, the magnet segments of each magnet 70 along the axial direction Z may have different maximum operating temperature characteristics or be made of different materials having different maximum operating temperature characteristics, or the magnet segments may have different thicknesses t.
In fig. 2, the magnet segments of the magnet 70 along the axial direction Z are shown to have different maximum operating temperature characteristics. In order to accommodate the difference in the actual operating temperature of the electric machine along the axial direction Z during operation, the magnet segments have a higher maximum operating temperature Tw characteristic at locations where the operating temperature is higher or where cooling conditions are poor; in contrast, in the position where the operating temperature is low or the cooling condition is good, the magnet segment has a low maximum operating temperature Tw characteristic.
Specifically, magnet 70 includes three magnet segments 70-1, 70-2, and 70-3. During operation of the motor, assuming that the first end a has a good cooling condition and a low operating temperature (e.g., 100 degrees of the highest possible actual operating temperature), and the second end B has a poor cooling condition and a high operating temperature (e.g., 130 degrees of the highest possible actual operating temperature), the corresponding magnet segment 70-1 has the lowest highest operating temperature Tw, and the magnet segment 70-3 has the highest operating temperature Tw, with the highest operating temperature Tw characteristic of the magnet segment 70-2 therebetween. The maximum operating temperature Tw of each magnet segment is equal to or greater than the maximum possible operating temperature over the axial extension of the magnet segment.
As such, on the one hand, unlike the prior art in which the entire magnet has the highest operating temperature Tw characteristic greater than or equal to the highest possible operating temperature in order to accommodate the highest possible operating temperature at a certain location, such a segmented magnet structure including a plurality of magnet segments having different temperature characteristics according to the actual distribution of the operating temperatures can satisfy the highest operating temperature over the axial range of each corresponding magnet segment while minimizing the material cost of the entire magnet, and does not require changing the overall dimensions of the rotor 40 and the magnet 70, minimizing structural changes in associated parts, and accordingly reducing the cycle time and costs associated therewith in relation to design and manufacture. On the other hand, by adopting the magnet sections with different maximum working temperature Tw characteristics, different parts of the magnet meet the requirements of actual working temperature, and meanwhile, the performance of the permanent magnet motor can be kept unchanged.
The above description is of the case where the magnet segments of the magnet are made of different materials, or the magnet segments have different maximum operating temperature characteristics. In this context, different materials may refer to different materials composed of different constituent elements, and in particular, may also refer to materials composed of the same constituent elements but having different component contents of the respective constituent elements, and may also be referred to as different brands of materials in the art. As an example, each magnet segment of the magnet 70 is composed of constituent elements constituting a neodymium-iron-boron type magnetic steel, but the composition content of at least one of the constituent elements is different for each of the above magnet segments, so that each magnet segment has different maximum temperature characteristics.
Fig. 3 shows the case in which the magnet segments of the magnet 70, which are arranged in the axial direction Z, have different thicknesses t. In this connection, in general, along the axial direction Z, the magnet segments have a greater magnet thickness at locations where the operating temperature is higher or where cooling conditions are poor; in contrast, in the case of a low operating temperature or good cooling conditions, the magnet segments have a smaller magnet thickness.
Specifically, in the same case as the operating condition of fig. 2, i.e., the first end a is well cooled and the operating temperature is low, and the second end B is poorly cooled and the operating temperature is high during the operation of the motor, the thickness t1 in the magnetization direction M of the magnet segment 70-1 closest to the first end a is smallest, and the thickness t3 in the magnetization direction of the magnet segment 70-3 closest to the second end B is largest. The thickness t2 of magnet segment 70-2 is between t1 and t 3.
Since the magnet segments of the magnet 70 have different thicknesses t, gaps 80-1 and 80-2, as shown in fig. 3, are formed in the magnetization direction M between the rotor 40, which has a constant structural size, and the magnet segments, which have a smaller thickness, and may have a size larger than that required for tolerance fitting of an actual magnet to a magnet accommodating groove (not shown). The slot 80-1 corresponding to magnet segment 70-1 having the minimum thickness t1 is largest by the order of slot 80-2 corresponding to magnet segment 70-2 having thickness t 2. According to the present application, an insulating material such as epoxy or the like may be added to the gap for fixing the magnet segments 70-1 and 70-2.
Fig. 4 shows an alternative to fig. 3. In the present example, in order to eliminate the adverse effect of the gap between the rotor 40 and the magnet segments having different magnet thicknesses t, the rotor 40 is also embodied in a segmented structure, each rotor segment of the rotor 40 having a magnet slot size matching the size of the corresponding magnet segment over the axial extension of the magnet segment corresponding to each magnet thickness.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, rotor 40 includes rotor segments 40-1, 40-2, and 40-3 having sizes corresponding to sizes of magnet segments 70-1, 70-2, and 70-3 having different thicknesses t1, t2, and t3, respectively, so that there are no gaps 80-1 and 80-2 in the magnetization direction M between each rotor segment of rotor 40 and the corresponding magnet segment of magnet 70 as shown in fig. 3. This helps to improve the magnetic performance of the overall permanent magnet motor 100 and thus helps to improve the operational stability of the permanent magnet motor 100.
As described above, describing in detail the permanent magnet motor 100 including the segmented magnet 70 according to the first embodiment of the present application, by adopting the segmented magnet structure in the axial direction Z, a method of optimizing the magnet structure design, optimizing the magnet material characteristic design, or saving the magnet material cost while satisfying the maximum operating temperature in the permanent magnet motor is provided.
In the illustration regarding each example of the first embodiment, twelve coils 20 and coil receiving grooves 14 are included in the stator 10 of the permanent magnet motor 100, which are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, eight magnets 70 and corresponding magnet receiving grooves 44 are included in the rotor 40 of the permanent magnet motor 100, which are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and each magnet 70 includes three magnet segments arranged in the axial direction Z. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in accordance with the principles of the present application, one or more of the following parameters may be varied depending on the application or needs: the number of coils/coil receiving slots, the form and parameters of the coils, the shape of the coil receiving slots, the number and shape of the magnets and magnet receiving slots, and the number of magnet segments of the magnets in the axial direction.
Fig. 5 and 6 show a diagram of a permanent magnet machine according to a second and third embodiment of the application, respectively, which differs from fig. 1 in that the first embodiment is only based on a different arrangement of the magnets 70, in fig. 5 and 6, in which the meaning of the direction of magnetization M and the thickness t of the magnets of the permanent magnet machine in the illustrated embodiment is clearly shown. The application is in no way limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
The present application also relates to a vehicle, for example an electric motorcycle, comprising the permanent magnet machine 100 described above.
The present application has been shown and described with reference to a particular preferred embodiment but is not limited to the details shown and described. Rather, various modifications or variations may be made without departing from the spirit or scope defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A permanent magnet electric machine (100), comprising: a stator (10) defining a hollow cavity and a rotor (40) received within the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity defining an axial direction (Z), first and second ends (A, B) opposite in the axial direction (Z), and a circumferential direction around the axial direction (Z), the rotor (40) including a plurality of magnet accommodating grooves (44) arranged evenly spaced along the circumferential direction and magnets (70) accommodated in the magnet accommodating grooves (44), each magnet (70) extending in an axial direction (Z), including a plurality of magnet segments (70-1, 70-2, 70-3) arranged in the axial direction (Z), and having a thickness (t) in a magnetization direction thereof, wherein the plurality of magnet segments constituting the magnet (70) have a gradually increasing maximum operating temperature (Tw) characteristic and/or have a gradually increasing thickness (t) along the axial direction (Z) from a first end (A) towards a second end (B).
2. The permanent magnet machine (100) of claim 1, wherein in case the plurality of magnet segments constituting the magnet (70) have a gradually increasing thickness (t), a gap is formed between at least one of the magnet segments and the rotor (40).
3. The permanent magnet electric machine (100) of claim 2, wherein the size of the gap is larger than required for an actual magnet to magnet receptacle tolerance fit.
4. A permanent magnet electric machine (100) according to claim 2, wherein the gap is filled with an insulating material.
5. The permanent magnet electric machine (100) of claim 4, wherein the insulating material is an insulating resin.
6. The permanent magnet machine (100) according to claim 1, wherein, in case the plurality of magnet segments constituting the magnet (70) has a gradually increasing thickness (t), the rotor (40) comprises a plurality of rotor segments (40-1, 40-2, 40-3) corresponding to the plurality of magnet segments (70-1, 70-2, 70-3) such that each rotor segment (40-1, 40-2, 40-3) is free from gaps with the respective magnet segment (70-1, 70-2, 70-3) in the magnetization direction.
7. The permanent magnet electric machine (100) of any of claims 1-6, wherein the magnet receiving slot (44) is of a shape and size consistent with the received magnet (70).
8. A vehicle comprising a permanent magnet electric machine (100) according to any of claims 1-7.
9. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the vehicle is an electric motorcycle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811306988.9A CN111146886A (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2018-11-05 | Permanent magnet motor and vehicle comprising same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811306988.9A CN111146886A (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2018-11-05 | Permanent magnet motor and vehicle comprising same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111146886A true CN111146886A (en) | 2020-05-12 |
Family
ID=70515663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811306988.9A Pending CN111146886A (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2018-11-05 | Permanent magnet motor and vehicle comprising same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111146886A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000066361A (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-11-15 | 장병우 | Permanent magnet rotor |
| JP2002125336A (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Spindle motor |
| JP2005354899A (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2005-12-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Permanent magnet type motor |
| JP2010213516A (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Permanent magnet type rotating machine and method for manufacturing permanent magnet for rotor |
| JP2012235645A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Permanent magnet type rotary electric machine |
| CN103138449A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-06-05 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Rotor of permanent magnet motor and permanent magnet motor |
| JP2013132116A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-07-04 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Rotary electric machine |
-
2018
- 2018-11-05 CN CN201811306988.9A patent/CN111146886A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000066361A (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-11-15 | 장병우 | Permanent magnet rotor |
| JP2002125336A (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Spindle motor |
| JP2005354899A (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2005-12-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Permanent magnet type motor |
| JP2010213516A (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Permanent magnet type rotating machine and method for manufacturing permanent magnet for rotor |
| JP2012235645A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Permanent magnet type rotary electric machine |
| JP2013132116A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-07-04 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Rotary electric machine |
| CN103138449A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-06-05 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Rotor of permanent magnet motor and permanent magnet motor |
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