CN111146787B - Virtual inertia control method for wind field battery energy storage system - Google Patents

Virtual inertia control method for wind field battery energy storage system Download PDF

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CN111146787B
CN111146787B CN202010067101.6A CN202010067101A CN111146787B CN 111146787 B CN111146787 B CN 111146787B CN 202010067101 A CN202010067101 A CN 202010067101A CN 111146787 B CN111146787 B CN 111146787B
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energy storage
fluctuation
storage system
battery energy
power
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CN111146787A (en
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刘俊磊
刘思捷
钟雅珊
李震
徐春华
陈鹏
彭孝强
张韧
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Yangjiang Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

Abstract

The invention discloses a virtual inertia control method for a wind field battery energy storage system. Firstly, stabilizing the fluctuation of the wind field output active power based on a general control strategy of a battery energy storage system; further, considering the influence of system disturbance on frequency, and establishing a virtual inertia control model of the battery energy storage system for providing inertia support based on a synchronous generator rotor motion equation; and finally, dynamically correcting the virtual inertia control model according to the relative size of the wind field frequency fluctuation to obtain a virtual inertia control strategy for the wind field battery energy storage system. On the premise of ensuring the reliability of the system, the invention fully exerts the characteristic of dynamically absorbing and releasing energy of the battery energy storage system, reduces the frequency fluctuation of the system while stabilizing the output power fluctuation of a wind field, and improves the safe and stable operation of the system. The control method can be used as an effective reference for stabilizing the output fluctuation of the wind field and improving the inertia control of the wind field.

Description

Virtual inertia control method for wind field battery energy storage system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a virtual inertia control method, in particular to a virtual inertia control method for a wind field battery energy storage system.
Background
Renewable energy sources such as wind energy and the like are widely applied to promote sustainable development of energy sources and environment. With the continuous increase of wind power permeability in an electric power system, problems caused by wind power development are also continuously generated. The traditional wind turbine generator set mostly adopts a traditional maximum power point tracking control strategy and is connected into a power grid through low-inertia power electronic equipment, a wind power generation system is almost decoupled from the power grid, the inertia of the system is reduced, a wind field almost does not respond to frequency fluctuation in the power grid, and meanwhile, the characteristics of randomness, volatility and the like inherent in wind power pose a threat to safe and stable operation of the power system.
In recent years, inspired by the operation of the conventional synchronous generator, a learner has proposed an idea of virtual inertia control. By introducing the rotor motion equation of the synchronous generator into the control of the system, the system can simulate the external characteristics of the synchronous generator and provide virtual inertia support. For a wind power generation system, one method for providing virtual inertia control is to use a rotor of a fan, but the method generally sacrifices the output of the fan; in addition to this, virtual inertia support for the wind farm can be provided by means of external devices, such as battery storage, which has developed rapidly in recent years.
Considering the characteristic that the battery stores energy and dynamically absorbs and releases energy, if centralized configuration is adopted, the equipment is installed at the outlet of the wind field, so that virtual inertia support can be provided for the wind field under the condition that the control of the fan is not influenced, and meanwhile, the fluctuation of the output power of the wind field is stabilized. The invention discloses a virtual inertia control method for a wind field battery energy storage system, which aims to fully utilize the charge-discharge characteristics of the battery energy storage system and improve the frequency response characteristics of a wind power generation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a virtual inertia control method for a wind farm battery energy storage system, which improves the frequency response characteristic of a wind power generation system and smoothes the output power of a wind farm.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) based on a general control strategy of a battery energy storage system, the stabilization of the fluctuation of the wind field output active power is realized;
2) considering the influence of system disturbance on frequency, and establishing a virtual inertia control model of the battery energy storage system for providing inertia support based on a dynamic motion equation of the synchronous generator;
3) and dynamically correcting the virtual inertia control model according to the relative size of the wind field frequency fluctuation to obtain a virtual inertia control strategy for the wind field battery energy storage system.
In the above technical solution, the general control strategy of the battery energy storage system for stabilizing the fluctuation of the wind field output active power in step 1) is as follows: the power outer loop controls the output power of the battery, and the current inner loop controls the stable current transformation.
Step 2) based on the synchronous generator equation of motion, establish a virtual inertia control model of the battery energy storage system for providing inertia support, specifically: obtaining a virtual inertia control model for the battery energy storage system based on a synchronous generator rotor motion equation and a synchronous generator frequency modulator principle;
Figure BDA0002376303290000021
Figure BDA0002376303290000022
Pm-Pref0＝Dp(f0-f)
Figure BDA0002376303290000023
wherein J is the synchronous generator moment of inertia; t ismIs the input mechanical torque; t iseIs the output electromagnetic torque; pmIs the mechanical power; peIs the electromagnetic power; omega0Is the system nominal angular frequency; ω is the system actual angular frequency; f. of0Is the system nominal frequency; f is the system actual frequency; pref0Before virtual inertia control is not adopted, the reference value of the output power of the battery energy storage system is the deviation between the expected output active power of the wind field and the actual output; prefThe output power reference value of the battery energy storage system after the virtual inertia is adopted; dpIs the sag factor; kHIs the equivalent inertia time constant; kDIs the equivalent sag factor.
And 3) dynamically correcting the virtual inertia control model according to the relative size of the wind field frequency fluctuation, wherein the method comprises the steps of respectively increasing distribution coefficients alpha and beta before a power fluctuation related item and a frequency fluctuation related item, redistributing the battery energy storage system for stabilizing the output of power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation, wherein the alpha and the beta are binary functions, and dynamically adjusting according to the size of system frequency fluctuation delta f.
Figure BDA0002376303290000031
Wherein, the values of alpha and beta are related to the frequency fluctuation quantity, and the value principle is as follows:
when | Δ f | >0.05
α＝C1
β＝1
When delta f | ≦ 0.05
α＝1,
β＝C2
Wherein, C1、C2∈[0,1]Test C is a constant determined by an offline test, by setting a scene in which a certain power fluctuation and a frequency fluctuation coexist1、C2Under different values, the control method can stabilize the effect of power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
at 0.1 interval pair C1、C2Respectively traverse to obtain values in the range of [0,1 ]]Calculating a combined evaluation index S of the power and frequency fluctuation stabilizing effect under different values, wherein the evaluation index S is represented by the following formula:
S＝k·S1+S2
wherein S is1As standard deviation of system power fluctuation, S2In order to obtain the standard deviation of the system frequency fluctuation, considering the difference of the frequency and the power fluctuation magnitude, a weight coefficient k is added into the evaluation index for correcting the evaluation index, the value of k is determined by the fluctuation condition of an actual wind field, and in the invention, k is 100 to more remarkably stabilize the frequency fluctuation effect. S1And S2The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002376303290000032
wherein f (t), PPCC(t) is the real-time frequency and power detected once per minute at the position of the wind field outlet bus,
Figure BDA0002376303290000041
is [ t ]1,t2]Mean power of wind field outlet bus within time interval, [ t [ [ t ]1,t2]For a period of 60 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention aims to fully exert the characteristic of dynamically absorbing and releasing energy of the battery energy storage system on the premise of ensuring the reliability of the system, reduce the frequency fluctuation of the system while stabilizing the output power fluctuation of a wind field and improve the safe and stable operation of the system. The control method can be used as an effective reference for stabilizing the output fluctuation of the wind field and improving the inertia control of the wind field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a wind farm configuration and control diagram for a battery energy storage system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a modified virtual inertia control;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a wind power generation-battery energy storage system;
FIG. 4 is a stylistic volatility graph;
FIG. 5 shows frequency fluctuations at the outlet bus of the wind farm under different control strategies;
fig. 6 shows active power fluctuation at the outlet bus of the wind farm under different control strategies.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) based on a general control strategy of a battery energy storage system, the stabilization of the fluctuation of the wind field output active power is realized;
2) considering the influence of system disturbance on frequency, and establishing a virtual inertia control model of the battery energy storage system for providing inertia support based on a dynamic motion equation of the synchronous generator;
3) and dynamically correcting the virtual inertia control model according to the relative size of the wind field frequency fluctuation to obtain a virtual inertia control strategy for the wind field battery energy storage system.
Step 1) based on a general control strategy of a battery energy storage system, the stabilization of the wind field output active power fluctuation is realized as follows:
fig. 1 shows a wind field structure diagram of a battery energy storage system and a control block diagram of a converter of the battery energy storage system. The battery energy storage system is connected to a wind field outlet bus through the DC-DC and DC-AC converters, and can realize the function of stabilizing wind power fluctuation under a general control strategy. The DC-AC is responsible for stable power transmission, and double-loop control of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop is adopted. The DC-DC converter is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage system, and adopts double-loop control of a power outer loop and a current inner loop to output a power reference value P of the batteryref0Comprises the following steps:
Pref0＝Pcmd-Pwind
wherein, PcmdIs the wind farm desired output power; pwindIs the actual wind farm output power.
Step 2) considering the influence of system disturbance on frequency, and establishing a virtual inertia control model of the battery energy storage system for providing inertia support based on a dynamic motion equation of the synchronous generator, wherein the virtual inertia control model specifically comprises the following steps:
by adding the frequency control item into the control of the battery energy storage system, the frequency response characteristic of a wind field is improved, and inertia support is provided for the system. Inertia in a traditional power system mainly comes from a synchronous generator, and a control strategy for simulating external characteristics of the synchronous generator can be obtained based on a synchronous generator rotor motion equation, a rotor-torque relation and a frequency modulator principle.
The synchronous generator rotor equation of motion is as follows:
Figure BDA0002376303290000051
wherein J is the synchronous generator moment of inertia; t ismIs the input mechanical torque; t iseIs the output electromagnetic torque.
The relationship between torque and power is as follows:
Figure BDA0002376303290000052
wherein, PmIs the mechanical power; peIs the electromagnetic power; omega0Is the system nominal angular frequency; ω is the system actual angular frequency.
With reference to the conventional synchronous generator frequency modulator characteristics, droop control is introduced:
Pm-Pref0＝Dp(f0-f)
wherein f is0Is the system nominal frequency; f is the system actual frequency; pref0Before virtual inertia control is not adopted, the reference value of the output power of the battery energy storage system is the deviation between the expected output active power of the wind field and the actual output; prefThe output power reference value of the battery energy storage system after the virtual inertia is adopted; dpIs the sag factor.
Combining and sorting the three formulas to obtain a reference value of the output power of the battery energy storage system under the control of virtual inertia, wherein the reference value comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002376303290000061
wherein, KHIs the equivalent inertia time constant; kDIs the equivalent sag factor.
Step 3) dynamically correcting the virtual inertia control model according to the relative size of the wind field frequency fluctuation to obtain a virtual inertia control strategy for the wind field battery energy storage system, which is specifically as follows:
and increasing distribution coefficients alpha and beta before the power fluctuation related item and the frequency fluctuation related item respectively, redistributing the battery energy storage system to stabilize the output of power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation, and improving the output power reference value of the battery energy storage system, wherein a virtual inertia control block diagram is shown in fig. 2 after improvement.
Figure BDA0002376303290000062
Wherein, the values of alpha and beta are related to the frequency fluctuation quantity, and the value principle is as follows:
when | Δ f | >0.05
α＝C1
β＝1
When delta f | ≦ 0.05
α＝1,
β＝C2
Wherein, C1、C2∈[0,1]Test C is a constant determined by an offline test, by setting a scene in which a certain power fluctuation and a frequency fluctuation coexist1、C2Under different values, the control method can stabilize the effect of power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
at 0.1 interval pair C1、C2Respectively traverse to obtain values in the range of [0,1 ]]Calculating a combined evaluation index S of the power and frequency fluctuation stabilizing effect under different values, wherein the evaluation index S is represented by the following formula:
S＝k·S1+S2
wherein S is1As standard deviation of system power fluctuation, S2In order to obtain the standard deviation of the system frequency fluctuation, considering the difference of the frequency and the power fluctuation magnitude, a weight coefficient k is added into the evaluation index for correcting the evaluation index, the value of k is determined by the fluctuation condition of an actual wind field, and in the invention, k is 100 to more remarkably stabilize the frequency fluctuation effect. S1And S2The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002376303290000071
wherein f (t), PPCC(t) is the real-time frequency and power detected once per minute at the position of the wind field outlet bus,
Figure BDA0002376303290000072
is [ t ]1,t2]Mean power of wind field outlet bus within time interval, [ t [ [ t ]1,t2]For a period of 60 minutes.
The method of the invention provides inertia support for the wind field by using the battery energy storage system, enables the wind field to actively respond to the frequency change of the power grid on the premise of ensuring the reliability of the system, realizes the double effects of reducing the frequency fluctuation of the system and simultaneously stabilizing the output power fluctuation of the wind field, and improves the safe and stable operation of the system. The control strategy can be used as an effective reference for stabilizing the output fluctuation of the wind field and improving the inertia control of the wind field.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
we use the proposed method to validate the system shown in fig. 3. Active power fluctuations in the system mainly result from fluctuating wind speeds as shown in fig. 4, and frequency fluctuations result from sudden load changes at 5 seconds in the system. The method provided by the invention can be verified by comparing the power and frequency waveforms at the position of the bus of the wind field outlet before and after the control strategy is implemented.
The embodiment is subjected to simulation calculation by adopting the method, and the result is as follows:
fig. 5 shows the frequency fluctuation situation at the outlet bus of the wind farm under different control strategies. Wherein f isnoBESSFor frequency fluctuations at the busbar when the battery energy storage system is not in use, fVIFrequency waveform f at the bus for battery energy storage system using general virtual inertia controlVIAnd the (alpha, beta) is a frequency waveform at a bus when the battery energy storage system adopts the virtual inertia control provided by the invention. Fig. 6 shows the power fluctuation situation at the outlet bus of the wind farm under different control strategies. Wherein P isnoBESSFor power fluctuations at the busbar when the battery energy storage system is not in use, PVIBus power waveform, P, when general virtual inertia control is adopted for battery energy storage systemVI(alpha, beta) is the battery energy storage system adopting the inventionThe virtual inertia is referred to as controlling the power waveform at the bus. It can be seen from the figure that the battery energy storage system can effectively stabilize the power fluctuation and actively respond to the frequency change of the system, and the control strategy provided by the invention is adopted to reduce the output of the stored energy in stabilizing the power fluctuation when the frequency fluctuation is large, so as to reduce the influence of the energy storage stabilizing power fluctuation on the frequency support, and conversely, when the frequency fluctuation is small, the output of the stored energy in the aspect of smoothing frequency is reduced, so as to reduce the influence of the energy storage smoothing frequency fluctuation on the power compensation, so that the two aspects can obtain better effects, and the double stabilization is realized.
The foregoing detailed description is intended to illustrate and not limit the invention, which is intended to be within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, and any changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be covered by the following claims.

Claims (3)

1. A virtual inertia control method for a wind field battery energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) based on a general control strategy of a battery energy storage system, the stabilization of the fluctuation of the wind field output active power is realized;
2) considering the influence of system disturbance on frequency, and establishing a virtual inertia control model of the battery energy storage system for providing inertia support based on a synchronous generator rotor motion equation;
3) dynamically correcting the virtual inertia control model according to the relative size of the wind field frequency fluctuation to obtain a virtual inertia control strategy for the wind field battery energy storage system;
and 3) dynamically correcting the virtual inertia control model according to the relative size of the wind field frequency fluctuation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively increasing distribution coefficients alpha and beta before a power fluctuation related item and a frequency fluctuation related item, redistributing the battery energy storage system for stabilizing the output of power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation, wherein the alpha and the beta are binary functions, and dynamically adjusting according to the size of system frequency fluctuation delta f as follows:
Figure FDA0002906089520000011
wherein, Pref0Before virtual inertia control is not adopted, the reference value of the output power of the battery energy storage system is the deviation between the expected output active power of the wind field and the actual output; prefThe output power reference value of the battery energy storage system after the virtual inertia is adopted; kDIs the equivalent sag factor; the values of alpha and beta are related to the frequency fluctuation quantity, and the value principle is as follows:
when | Δ f | >0.05
α＝C1
β＝1
When | delta f | ≦ 0.05
α＝1,
β＝C2
Wherein, C1、C2∈[0,1]Test C is a constant determined by an offline test, by setting a scene in which a certain power fluctuation and a frequency fluctuation coexist1、C2Under different values, the control method can stabilize the effects of power fluctuation and frequency fluctuation, and comprises the following steps:
at 0.1 interval pair C1、C2Respectively traverse to obtain values in the range of [0,1 ]]Calculating a combined evaluation index S of the power and frequency fluctuation stabilizing effect under different values, wherein the evaluation index S is represented by the following formula:
S＝k·S1+S2
wherein S is1As standard deviation of system power fluctuation, S2For the standard deviation of system frequency fluctuation, considering the difference of the frequency and the power fluctuation magnitude, adding a weight coefficient k in the evaluation index for correcting the evaluation index, wherein the value of k is determined by the fluctuation condition of an actual wind field, and k can be 100 to more remarkably stabilize the frequency fluctuation effect; s1And S2The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002906089520000021
wherein f (t), PPCC(t) is the real-time frequency and power detected once per minute at the position of the wind field outlet bus,
Figure FDA0002906089520000022
is [ t ]1,t2]Mean power of wind field outlet bus within time interval, [ t [ [ t ]1,t2]For a period of 60 minutes.
2. The virtual inertia control method for the wind farm battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the general control strategy of the battery energy storage system for stabilizing the wind farm output active power fluctuation in the step 1) is as follows: the power outer loop controls the output power of the battery, and the current inner loop controls the stable current transformation.
3. The virtual inertia control method for the wind farm battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) is to establish a virtual inertia control model of the battery energy storage system for providing inertia support based on a synchronous generator motion equation, specifically: obtaining a virtual inertia control model for the battery energy storage system based on a synchronous generator rotor motion equation and a synchronous generator frequency modulator principle;
Figure FDA0002906089520000023
Figure FDA0002906089520000024
Pm-Pref0＝Dp(f0-f)
Figure FDA0002906089520000031
wherein J is the rotation inertia of the synchronous generatorAn amount; t ismIs the input mechanical torque; t iseIs the output electromagnetic torque; pmIs the mechanical power; peIs the electromagnetic power; omega0Is the system nominal angular frequency; ω is the system actual angular frequency; f. of0Is the system nominal frequency; f is the system actual frequency; pref0Before virtual inertia control is not adopted, the reference value of the output power of the battery energy storage system is the deviation between the expected output active power of the wind field and the actual output; prefThe output power reference value of the battery energy storage system after the virtual inertia is adopted; dpIs the sag factor; kHIs the equivalent inertia time constant; kDIs the equivalent sag factor.
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