CN111146449A - Preparation method and application of electrode material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111146449A CN111146449A CN201911351923.0A CN201911351923A CN111146449A CN 111146449 A CN111146449 A CN 111146449A CN 201911351923 A CN201911351923 A CN 201911351923A CN 111146449 A CN111146449 A CN 111146449A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9008—Organic or organo-metallic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an electrode material, which comprises the following steps: putting the carbon felt into an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate, and soaking for 4-8 min; adding a dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution into the solution for soaking the carbon felt, and standing and reacting for 11-13h at room temperature to obtain an MOF carbon felt composition; removing and drying the MOF carbon mat composition; carbonizing the MOF carbon felt composition in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace at 800 ℃ for 1h under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the electrode material. The invention also provides a composite electrode and a microbial fuel cell which are made of the electrode material. The electrode material prepared by the preparation method is applied to the MFC, and can improve the electricity generation performance of the MFC. Compared with the prior art, the process is simple and easy to implement, and has low cost and good effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of an electrode material.
Background
An important material basis for the survival and development of human society is energy. With the development of global economy, the dramatic increase of population and the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of energy is increasing day by day. However, due to limited global energy, global energy competition is intensified day by day, environmental pollution is increased day by day, and environmental protection pressure is continuously increased. Therefore, development of new energy is receiving wide attention, and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) provide a new approach for renewable energy production and waste treatment. The bioreactor takes microorganisms attached to an anode as a catalyst to degrade organic matters and convert chemical energy into electric energy. However, the output power of the existing microbial fuel cell is still low, and the electricity generation amount is also low. The anode material is used as a place for attaching electrogenic bacteria and transferring electrons, and has important influence on the performance and the cost of the battery. At present, platinum is mostly used as a catalyst, the price is high, and other anode materials also have the problems that the surface area is small, the adhesion of microorganisms is not suitable, the catalytic effect is poor, and the conductivity is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an electrode material with a large active area and high electricity generation efficiency, and the electrode material is applied to a microbial fuel cell.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing an electrode material, comprising the steps of:
(1) putting the carbon felt into an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate, and soaking for 4-8 min to uniformly distribute the cobalt nitrate into the pore diameter of the carbon felt;
(2) adding a dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution into the solution for soaking the carbon felt, standing at room temperature for reaction for 11-13h, and allowing MOF crystals to assemble and grow on the carbon felt to obtain an MOF carbon felt composition;
(3) removing and drying the MOF carbon mat composition;
(4) carbonizing the MOF carbon felt composition in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace at 800 ℃ for 1h under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the electrode material.
Wherein, the carbon felt can be cut into an area with a proper size according to actual needs so as to be suitable for wrapping the electrode.
Preferably, the concentration of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution is 12-18 g/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution is 270-280 g/L.
Preferably, the amount of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution used per square centimeter of the carbon felt is 0.9-1 mL.
Preferably, the amount of the aqueous solution of dimethylimidazole used per square centimeter of the carbon felt is 0.6 to 0.7 mL.
Preferably, the temperature for drying the MOF carbon felt composition in step 3 is 60 ℃, and the drying time in the oven is about 12 hours in general.
The invention also provides a composite electrode, which is formed by compounding the electrode material prepared by the method and a carbon rod.
Preferably, the electrode material is bound on the surface of the carbon rod by a nylon pull rope.
The invention also provides a microbial fuel cell, which comprises an external resistor, an anode, a cathode, an anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a proton exchange membrane, wherein the anode is formed by compounding an electrode material and a carbon rod, and the electrode material is prepared by the preparation method of the electrode material.
Preferably, the cathode material is not particularly limited as long as it can cooperate with the anode to realize the power generating function of the biofuel cell. According to a specific example of the present invention, the cathode is a carbon rod.
Preferably, the anode chamber is filled with an anolyte, the anolyte is one of sewage, activated sludge, yeast liquid or acetic acid, the cathode chamber is filled with a catholyte, and the catholyte is a potassium ferricyanide solution.
Preferably, the proton exchange membrane is a cation exchange membrane.
Preferably, the microbial fuel cell is a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the method for preparing the electrode material, the metal organic framework compound (MOF) is used for modifying the carbon felt, a rough porous structure is formed on the surface of the carbon felt, the infiltration of electrolyte and the attachment of microorganisms are facilitated, and the adsorption and catalysis performances of the microorganisms are improved. Meanwhile, the carbon felt electrode material formed after MOF modification has better conductivity, the formed three-dimensional structure provides a faster channel for an electron transmission process, and the carbon felt electrode material can be applied to a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to improve the electricity generation performance of the MFC. Compared with the prior art, the process is simple and easy to implement, and has low cost and good effect.
Drawings
The present application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings in the present application are for the purpose of illustrating embodiments only. Other embodiments according to the steps described below can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-chamber microbial fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and not limitation.
A preparation method of an electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the carbon felt into an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate, and soaking for 4-8 min to uniformly distribute the cobalt nitrate into the pore diameter of the carbon felt;
(2) adding a dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution into the solution for soaking the carbon felt, standing at room temperature for reaction for 11-13h, and allowing MOF crystals to assemble and grow on the carbon felt to obtain an MOF carbon felt composition;
(3) removing and drying the MOF carbon mat composition;
(4) carbonizing the MOF carbon felt composition in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace at 800 ℃ for 1h under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the electrode material.
Wherein, the carbon felt can be cut into an area with a proper size according to actual needs so as to be suitable for wrapping the electrode. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon felt is cut to an area of 4 × 8 (cm).
The carbon felt is made of carbon fiber and mainly comprises Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon felt, viscose based carbon felt and pitch based carbon felt. Has the characteristics of highly developed micropore structure, large adsorption capacity, high desorption speed, good purification effect, heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and the like.
Preferably, the carbon felt is a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt, and the aperture of the carbon felt is 100-200 μm, preferably 120-180 μm. The carbon felt is favorable for microbial adsorption due to the porosity and is often used as an anode material.
Preferably, the concentration of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution is 12-18 g/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution is 270-280 g/L.
Preferably, the amount of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution used per square centimeter of the carbon felt is 0.9-1 mL.
Preferably, the amount of the aqueous solution of dimethylimidazole used per square centimeter of the carbon felt is 0.6 to 0.7 mL.
Preferably, the temperature for drying the MOF carbon felt composition in step 3 is 60 ℃, and the drying time in the oven is about 12 hours in general.
MOFs are porous materials formed by coordination of metals and organisms through chemical bonds. The carbon felt modified by the carbon fiber composite material not only increases the specific surface area of the surface of the carbon felt, but also increases the strength and the conductivity of the carbon felt, and prolongs the service life of the carbon felt.
The invention also provides a composite electrode, which is formed by compounding the electrode material prepared by the method and a carbon rod.
Preferably, the electrode material is bound on the surface of the carbon rod by a nylon pull rope. The electrode material is bound with the surface of the carbon rod by the nylon pull rope, so that the use of bonding materials is reduced, and the internal resistance of the electrode is reduced.
The invention also provides a microbial fuel cell, which comprises an external resistor, an anode, a cathode, an anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a proton exchange membrane, wherein the anode is formed by compounding an electrode material and a carbon rod, and the electrode material is prepared by the preparation method of the electrode material.
Preferably, the cathode material is not particularly limited as long as it can cooperate with the anode to realize the power generating function of the biofuel cell. According to a specific example of the present invention, the cathode is a carbon rod.
Preferably, the anode chamber is filled with an anolyte, the anolyte is one of sewage, activated sludge, yeast liquid or acetic acid, the cathode chamber is filled with a catholyte, and the catholyte is a potassium ferricyanide solution.
Preferably, the proton exchange membrane is a cation exchange membrane, and the thickness of the cation exchange membrane is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mm. The cation exchange membrane has a permeability of not less than 90%.
Preferably, the microbial fuel cell is a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell.
Preferably, the source of the electrogenic microorganisms is not particularly limited as long as the microorganisms can act as a catalyst to degrade organic substances in the anolyte and generate electrons. According to a particular example of the invention, the electrogenic microorganisms are derived from activated sludge.
The carbon felt modified by the MOF is used as an electrode material and is used for an anode of the MFC, so that the electricity generation performance of the MFC is improved, and the starting time of the MFC is further shortened. The surface of the carbon felt modified by the MOF forms a rough porous structure, so that the infiltration of electrolyte and the attachment of microorganisms are facilitated, and the adsorption and catalysis performances of the microorganisms are improved. Meanwhile, the carbon felt electrode material formed after MOF modification has better conductivity, and a formed three-dimensional structure provides a faster channel for an electron transmission process, so that the electricity generation performance of the MFC is further improved. Compared with the prior art, the process is simple and easy to implement, and has low cost and good effect.
The following are specific examples, in which examples 1 to 3 are the preparation of electrode materials, and example 4 is a case of preparing a biofuel cell using the electrode materials.
Example 1
Soaking a certain 4X 8(cm) carbon felt in 30mL of aqueous solution containing 0.45g of cobalt nitrate for 5 minutes, then adding 20mL of aqueous solution containing 5.5g of dimethyl imidazole, standing at room temperature for 12 hours, and allowing MOF crystals to assemble and grow on the carbon felt to obtain the MOF carbon felt composition. And (3) putting the MOF carbon felt composition into an oven at 60 ℃ for 12h, and drying. And (3) carrying out moderate carbonization on the dried MOF carbon felt composition for 1h in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace at 800 ℃ under the protection of high-purity nitrogen. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon felt electrode material modified by the MOF.
Example 2
Soaking a certain 4X 8(cm) carbon felt in 30mL of aqueous solution containing 0.36g of cobalt nitrate for 5 minutes, then adding 20mL of aqueous solution containing 5.4g of dimethyl imidazole, standing at room temperature for 11 hours, and allowing MOF crystals to assemble and grow on the carbon felt to obtain the MOF carbon felt composition. And (3) putting the MOF carbon felt composition into an oven at 60 ℃ for 12h, and drying. And (3) carrying out moderate carbonization on the dried MOF carbon felt composition for 1h in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace at 800 ℃ under the protection of high-purity nitrogen. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon felt electrode material modified by the MOF.
Example 3
Soaking a certain 4X 8(cm) carbon felt in 30mL of aqueous solution containing 0.54g of cobalt nitrate for 5 minutes, then adding 20mL of aqueous solution containing 5.6g of dimethyl imidazole, standing for 13 hours at room temperature, and allowing MOF crystals to assemble and grow on the carbon felt to obtain the MOF carbon felt composition. And (3) putting the MOF carbon felt composition into an oven at 60 ℃ for 12h, and drying. And (3) carrying out moderate carbonization on the dried MOF carbon felt composition for 1h in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace at 800 ℃ under the protection of high-purity nitrogen. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon felt electrode material modified by the MOF.
Example 4
The electrode material prepared in example 1 and a carbon rod are compounded to be used as an anode material to prepare a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
referring to the structure of the microbial cell shown in fig. 1, a dual chamber type microbial fuel cell was prepared. Wherein 100 is an external resistor, 200 is an anode, 300 is a cathode, 400 is an anode chamber, 500 is a cathode chamber, and 600 is a proton exchange membrane. Wherein the anode 200 is a composite electrode prepared by binding the MOF modified carbon felt electrode material prepared in example 1 on a carbon rod with nylon ropes, the cathode 300 is a carbon rod, and the proton exchange membrane 600 is a cation exchange membrane.
The microbial fuel cell takes artificially configured sewage as an anolyte, potassium ferricyanide as a catholyte, activated sludge as an electrogenic microorganism and is inoculated to an anode 200 of the cell, the electrogenic microorganism attached to the anode 200 degrades organic matters in the sewage to generate electrons and protons, the electrons are transferred to the anode 200 and then migrate to a cathode through an external circuit, equivalent protons migrate to a cathode chamber 500 through a cation exchange membrane 600, and an electron acceptor (potassium ferricyanide) of the cathode 300 receives the electrons transferred from the anode 200 and is combined with the protons in the solution to be reduced, so that chemical energy in the organic matters in the anode sewage is converted into electric energy, and electricity generation is realized.
The carbon felt electrode material modified by the MOF prepared by the preparation method of the electrode material is compounded with the carbon rod to be used as an anode, a rough and uneven structure is formed on the surface of the electrode material, so that the attachment of microorganisms is facilitated, the catalytic effect is improved, the carbon felt and the carbon rod are bound together by the nylon pull rope, the internal resistance can be reduced, and the electricity generation performance of the prepared microbial battery is greatly improved.
The above embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and all modifications, equivalents, and flow changes made by the following claims and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) putting the carbon felt into an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate, and soaking for 4-8 min to uniformly distribute the cobalt nitrate into the pore diameter of the carbon felt;
(2) adding a dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution into the solution for soaking the carbon felt, standing at room temperature for reaction for 11-13h, and allowing MOF crystals to assemble and grow on the carbon felt to obtain an MOF carbon felt composition;
(3) removing and drying the MOF carbon mat composition;
(4) carbonizing the MOF carbon felt composition in a high-temperature vacuum tube furnace at 800 ℃ for 1h under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the electrode material.
2. The method for producing an electrode material according to claim 1,
the concentration of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution is 12-18 g/L;
the concentration of the dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution is 270-280 g/L;
the amount of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution used per square centimeter of the carbon felt is 0.9-1 mL;
the amount of the aqueous solution of dimethyl imidazole used per square centimeter of the carbon felt is 0.6-0.7 mL.
3. A method of making an electrode material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the temperature at which the MOF carbon mat composition is dried in step 3 is 60 ℃.
4. A composite electrode, which is formed by compounding an electrode material and a carbon rod, wherein the electrode material is prepared by the preparation method of the electrode material according to claim 1 or 2.
5. The composite electrode of claim 4, wherein the electrode material is bound to the surface of the carbon rod with nylon drawstrings.
6. A microbial fuel cell, comprising an external resistor, an anode, a cathode, an anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a proton exchange membrane, characterized in that the anode is formed by compounding an electrode material and a carbon rod, and the electrode material is prepared by the preparation method of the electrode material according to claim 1 or 2.
7. The microbial fuel cell of claim 6, wherein the cathode is a carbon rod.
8. The microbial fuel cell of claim 6, wherein the anode chamber contains an anolyte, the anolyte being one of sewage, activated sludge, yeast solution, or acetic acid, and the cathode chamber contains a catholyte, the catholyte being a potassium ferricyanide solution.
9. The microbial cell fuel of claim 6, wherein the proton exchange membrane is a cation exchange membrane.
10. The microbial cell fuel of claim 6, wherein the microbial fuel cell is a dual chamber microbial fuel cell.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114447345A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of composite electrode material and application of composite electrode material in wastewater treatment of MFCs (multi-membrane volatile organic compounds) coupled denitrification filter |
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| US20130224824A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2013-08-29 | Riken | Electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon, method for producing electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon, and biological fuel cell and biosensor provided with electrode having enzyme crystals immobilized thereon |
| CN106807329A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | The preparation and composite and application of NACF-metal organic frame composite |
| CN107010712A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-08-04 | 沈阳化工大学 | A kind of microbiological fuel cell handles the process of molasses containing waste water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114447345A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of composite electrode material and application of composite electrode material in wastewater treatment of MFCs (multi-membrane volatile organic compounds) coupled denitrification filter |
| CN114447345B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-11-24 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of composite electrode material and application of MFCs coupled denitrification filter to wastewater treatment |
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