CN111146440A - WSe2Preparation method of nano flower material and electrode - Google Patents

WSe2Preparation method of nano flower material and electrode Download PDF

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CN111146440A
CN111146440A CN202010028228.7A CN202010028228A CN111146440A CN 111146440 A CN111146440 A CN 111146440A CN 202010028228 A CN202010028228 A CN 202010028228A CN 111146440 A CN111146440 A CN 111146440A
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wse
electrode
reaction
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nanoflower
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许婧
黄克靖
韦正楠
王仪涵
张钰
李景营
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Xinyang Normal University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a WSe2A preparation method and an electrode of a nano flower material, relates to the technical field of magnesium ion batteries, and is WSe2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the following steps: dissolving sodium borohydride and selenium powder in a solvent, stirring, adding sodium tungstate, transferring to a reaction kettle for reaction, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, and drying in vacuum to obtain WSe2And (4) nano flowers. WSe2Mixing the nanoflowers, a conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, blending the mixture into paste by using azomethyl pyrrolidone, coating the paste on copper foil for drying, punching into a circular electrode plate with the diameter of 12-16mm, taking the electrode plate as a working electrode and a magnesium ion electrode as a counter electrode, and obtaining the magnesium ion battery with high stable discharge specific capacity, 100 cycles of circulation and 90% coulomb efficiency.

Description

WSe2Preparation method of nano flower material and electrode
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnesium ion battery technologyThe technical field, in particular to a WSe2A preparation method of a nanoflower material and an electrode.
Background
Energy storage and conversion are closely related to our daily lives. Currently, the most widely used lithium ion batteries still have a series of problems of high cost, low safety and the like. With Li (about 2046 mAh cm)-3) In contrast, metallic Mg has a high volumetric energy density (about 3833 mAh cm-3) The ion de-intercalation process has the advantages of no dendritic crystal, high safety, rich resource reserves, low cost and the like. One of the main reasons why magnesium rechargeable batteries have not made significant progress over the past decades is Mg2+The polarity is high, so that the reversible de-intercalation process of the lithium ion battery anode material in the anode material is blocked, the diffusion rate is slow, the material structure collapses in the cyclic charge and discharge process, and the like. Thus, Mg is prepared that has both a high energy density and can be supported for a long time2+The reversible de-intercalation cathode material is the key to solving the development bottleneck of the rechargeable magnesium battery.
Transition metal chalcogenide (TMDs) materials have large interlayer spacing in favor of Mg2+Reversible reaction of ions, WSe, an important member of the TMDs family2The magnesium ion battery cathode material has excellent performances of extremely low thermal conductivity, high hydrophobic viscous surface, small band gap (1.6 eV), high efficient p-type field effect and the like, and is expected to become a candidate cathode material with great development prospect for the magnesium ion battery. In addition, WSe2The layered structure of (A) is Se-W-Se, and two hexagonal Se atomic layers are clamped between one W atomic layer. The weak van der Waals force coupling between the layers, and the distance between adjacent layers is 0.648 nm, which can reduce polarization effect and promote Mg2+And (4) reversible de-intercalation. However, as a semiconductor material, the preparation is complicated, the conductivity is poor, and thus the problems of low practical capacity and poor cycle stability are caused. Therefore, WSe with excellent performance is prepared by adopting a simple method2The discharge characteristic of the magnesium ion battery is improved by the material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a WSe2A preparation method of a nanoflower material and an electrode.
To achieve the above objectOne of the technical schemes adopted by the invention is as follows: WSe2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving sodium borohydride and selenium powder in a solvent for reaction;
s2, adding sodium tungstate into the mixed solution after the reaction of S1, and continuing the reaction to obtain WSe2And (4) nano flowers.
Further, the initial concentrations of the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder in the solvent are both 0.05-0.15 moL/L.
Still further, the solvent is dimethylformamide or hydrazine hydrate.
Furthermore, the reaction time of the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder is 2-10 h.
Further, the sodium tungstate is added in an amount such that the initial concentration of sodium tungstate in the mixed solution is 0.01 to 0.1 moL/L.
Furthermore, the reaction temperature of the sodium tungstate and the mixed solution is 60-100 ℃, the reaction time is 8-16h, and the reaction vessel is a reaction kettle.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an electrode comprising a copper foil and a coating applied to the copper foil, the coating being prepared by applying a WSe prepared according to any of the above-mentioned aspects2The nanometer flower is mixed with conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride and dissolved in nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone to prepare the nanometer flower.
Further, the WSe2The mass ratio of the nanoflower to the conductive agent to the polyvinylidene fluoride is 8:1: 1.
Furthermore, the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying is-0.06 MPa, the temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the time is 12-24 h.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a working electrode of the magnesium ion battery is the electrode in any one of the technical schemes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
WSe prepared herein2The nanoflower has a three-dimensional structure and is WSe of an existing two-dimensional structure2Comparison of nanomaterials, WSe2Three-dimensional knot of nanometer flowerThe structure has regular appearance and larger specific surface area, is beneficial to full contact of electrode materials and electrolyte, provides more active sites for reversible de-intercalation of ions, and is beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance of the battery.
WSe Using the present invention2The magnesium ion battery prepared from the nanoflower has a current density of 50 mA-g-1The specific discharge capacity of the magnesium battery is 265mAh g-1And the circulation is continued for 100 circles, and the coulombic efficiency is still up to 96 percent.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a WSe of the present invention2SEM images of nanoflower material;
FIG. 2 is a WSe of the present invention2XRD pattern of nanoflower material;
FIG. 3 is a cycle diagram of a magnesium-ion battery of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of specific discharge capacity of a magnesium-ion battery of the present invention at different current densities.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
WSe provided by any embodiment of the invention2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the following steps: s1, dissolving sodium borohydride and selenium powder in a solvent for reaction;
s2, adding sodium tungstate into the mixed solution after the reaction of S1, and continuing the reaction to obtain WSe2And (4) nano flowers.
Wherein, the sodium borohydride is added for reducing the selenium powder, and in the oxidation-reduction reaction process of the selenium powder and the sodium borohydride, the stirring can be carried out in the reaction process for accelerating the reaction speed.
WSe prepared by the invention2The nano flower material has the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost, high yield and no need of an additional instrument; prepared WSe2The nanoflower has a three-dimensional structure and is WSe (Wireless sensor element) with an existing two-dimensional structure2Compared with the nanometer material, the three-dimensional structure has regular appearance and larger specific surface area, is beneficial to the full contact between the electrode material and the electrolyte, provides more active sites for the reversible de-intercalation of ions, and is beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance of the battery.
WSe of any embodiment of the present invention2In the preparation method of the nanoflower material, the initial concentrations of the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder in the solvent are both 0.05-0.15 moL/L. Illustratively, when the concentration of the selenium powder in the solvent is 0.05moL/L, the concentration of the sodium borohydride in the solvent may be 0.05moL/L, 0.06moL/L, 0.07moL/L, 0.08moL/L, 0.09moL/L, 0.1moL/L, 0.11moL/L, 0.12moL/L, 0.13moL/L, 0.14moL/L, 0.15 moL/L; when the concentration of the selenium powder in the solvent is 0.15moL/L, the concentration of the sodium borohydride in the solvent can be 0.05moL/L, 0.06moL/L, 0.07moL/L, 0.08moL/L, 0.09moL/L, 0.1moL/L, 0.11moL/L, 0.12moL/L, 0.13moL/L, 0.14moL/L, 0.15 moL/L; when the concentration of the selenium powder in the solvent is 0.1moL/L, the concentration of the sodium borohydride in the solvent can be 0.05moL/L, 0.06moL/L, 0.07moL/L, 0.08moL/L, 0.09moL/L, 0.1moL/L, 0.11moL/L, 0.12moL/L, 0.13moL/L, 0.14moL/L and 0.15 moL/L.
WSe of any embodiment of the present invention2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the step of using dimethyl formamide or hydrazine hydrate as a solvent. Preferably, the solvent is dimethylformamide.
WSe of any embodiment of the present invention2The preparation method of the nanoflower material comprises the step of reacting sodium borohydride with selenium powder for 2-10 hours. The reaction time can be 2h, 3h, 4h,5h、6h、7h、8h、9h、10h。
WSe of any embodiment of the present invention2The preparation method of the nanoflower material comprises the step of adding sodium tungstate into the mixed solution in an amount such that the initial concentration of the sodium tungstate in the mixed solution is 0.01-0.1 moL/L.
The sodium tungstate is added for 2-10h after the sodium borohydride reacts with the selenium powder, the sodium tungstate is added and is stirred uniformly to react, and the WSe is obtained2The filling total volume of the sodium borohydride, the selenium powder, the product of the reaction of the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder and the sodium tungstate in the reaction kettle is 50-80% of the volume of the reaction kettle.
WSe of any embodiment of the present invention2The preparation method of the nanoflower material comprises the steps of reacting sodium tungstate with the mixed solution at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 8-16h, and using a reaction vessel as a reaction kettle. Illustratively, the reaction time after the sodium tungstate is added is 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h and 16 h; exemplary reaction temperatures are 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 85 deg.C, 90 deg.C, 100 deg.C. The preferred reaction kettle is a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle.
The electrode in any embodiment of the invention comprises a copper foil and a coating coated on the copper foil, wherein the coating is prepared by using the WSe prepared by any one of the technical schemes2The nanometer flower is mixed with conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride and dissolved in nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone to prepare the nanometer flower.
The conductive agent is one of acetylene black and carbon black super-P. Polyvinylidene fluoride is selected as the adhesive because the electrode material prepared by the adhesive has high adhesion with the copper foil.
Wherein the WSe2The nanoflower, the conductive agent and the polyvinylidene fluoride can be stirred into paste by adding a solvent, and the thickness of the paste coated on the copper foil is 10-20 mu m.
Exemplary, pasty WSe2The coating thickness of the nanoflower, the conductive agent and the polyvinylidene fluoride on the copper foil is 10 micrometers, 13 micrometers, 15 micrometers, 17 micrometers and 20 micrometers. Drying after coating, wherein the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 5-10 min.
Electricity in any embodiment of the inventionElectrode, the WSe2The mass ratio of the nanoflower to the conductive agent to the polyvinylidene fluoride is 8:1: 1.
In the electrode in any embodiment of the invention, the vacuum degree of vacuum drying is-0.06 MPa, the temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the time is 12-24 h.
In the magnesium ion battery according to any embodiment of the invention, the working electrode of the magnesium ion battery is the electrode according to any one of the above technical schemes.
The other end of the magnesium ion battery is a magnesium electrode, the glass microfiber is a diaphragm, the electrolyte is 0.25M APC electrolyte prepared from aluminum chloride, phenylmagnesium chloride and tetrahydrofuran, and the cell is assembled into a CR 2032 type button battery in a glove box filled with high-purity argon and sealed.
The magnesium ion battery can also be a storage battery.
Example 1
WSe2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 0.0757g of sodium borohydride and 0.159g of selenium powder, and dissolving the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder in 40mL of hydrazine hydrate;
s2, stirring the solution in the S1 at room temperature for 2 hours;
s3, adding 0.1319g of sodium tungstate after 2 hours, uniformly stirring, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, wherein the transfer amount is 50% of the filling capacity of the reaction kettle, the temperature of the reaction kettle is 60 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 hours;
s4, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, wherein the rotating speed is 4000r/min, the centrifuging time is 5min, putting the solid obtained after the centrifugation into a vacuum drying oven for drying, the drying temperature is 50 ℃, and the drying time is 8h, so that the WSe is obtained2A nanoflower material.
Example 2
WSe2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 0.4540g of sodium borohydride and 0.9475g of selenium powder, and dissolving the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder in 80mL of dimethylformamide;
s2, stirring the solution in the S1 at room temperature for 10 hours;
s3, adding 2.6388g of sodium tungstate after 10 hours, uniformly stirring, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, wherein the transfer amount is 60% of the filling capacity of the reaction kettle, the temperature of the reaction kettle is 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 16 hours;
s4, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, wherein the rotating speed is 6000r/min, the centrifuging time is 10min, putting the solid obtained after the centrifugation into a vacuum drying oven for drying, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 16h, so that the WSe is obtained2A nanoflower material.
Example 3
WSe2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 0.1816g of sodium borohydride and 0.4738g of selenium powder, and dissolving the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder in 60mL of dimethylformamide;
s2, stirring the solution in the S1 at room temperature for 6 hours;
s3, adding 1.1875g of sodium tungstate after 6 hours, uniformly stirring, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, wherein the transfer amount is 80% of the filling capacity of the reaction kettle, the temperature of the reaction kettle is 80 ℃, and the reaction time is 13 hours;
s4, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, wherein the rotating speed is 5000r/min, the centrifuging time is 7min, putting the solid obtained after the centrifugation into a vacuum drying oven for drying, the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 12h, so that the WSe is obtained2The morphology of the nano flower material is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the result is shown in figure 1, so that the nano WSe with the flake nano structure is shown in the invention2The sheet width of the three-dimensional structure is about 200 nm.
FIG. 2 shows WSe of this embodiment2The XRD pattern of the nano flower material, from which it can be clearly seen that the main peaks correspond to the crystal phases of (002), (100), (102), (006), (105), (110) and (008) peaks at 2 θ =13.39,31.35,34.47,41.45,46.36,54.43 and 56.15, respectively, and WSe2(JCPDS # 38-1388) the standard XRD patterns are highly consistent.
Example 4
WSe2The preparation method of the nano flower material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 0.2270g of sodium borohydride and 0.3158g of selenium powder, and dissolving the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder in 50mL of dimethylformamide;
s2, stirring the solution in the S1 at room temperature for 8 hours;
s3, adding 1.3194g of sodium tungstate after 8 hours, uniformly stirring, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, wherein the transfer amount is 70% of the filling capacity of the reaction kettle, the temperature of the reaction kettle is 70 ℃, and the reaction time is 15 hours;
s4, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, wherein the rotating speed is 6000r/min, the centrifuging time is 8min, putting the solid obtained after the centrifugation into a vacuum drying oven for drying, the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 13h to obtain the WSe2A nanoflower material.
Example 5
Preparing an electrode:
WSe prepared as described in example 32Mixing the nano flower material with acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, stirring uniformly, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone to enable the mixture to be pasty, uniformly coating the mixture on a copper foil by using an automatic coating dryer, wherein the coating thickness is 10-20 mu m, then drying for 5-10min at 50-60 ℃, then putting the copper foil into a vacuum drying oven for drying, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.06 MPa, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, the drying time is 12-24h, and punching into a circular electrode slice with the diameter of 12-16mm after drying.
Example 6
Preparing a magnesium ion battery:
the electrode sheet prepared in example 5 was used as one end electrode of a coin cell, the magnesium electrode was used as the other end electrode, the glass microfiber was used as a separator, and the electrolyte was 0.25M APC electrolyte prepared from aluminum chloride, phenylmagnesium chloride and tetrahydrofuran, and was assembled into a CR 2032 type coin cell in a glove box filled with high purity argon gas, and the performance thereof was tested, and the results were shown in fig. 3 and 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the prepared magnesium battery had a charge-discharge current density of 50mA · g-1Specific charge-discharge capacity (lower curve) and coulombic efficiency (upper curve) in the first 100 cycles under current density, and initial discharge capacity of the first loop is 265 mAh.g-1The charging capacity is 275 mAh g < -1 >, and the coulomb efficiency is 96 percent; after circulating for 100 circlesThe discharge and charge capacities of the magnesium battery were 236mAh · g, respectively-1And 239 mAh · g-1The coulombic efficiency is 99 percent, and the experimental results show that the WSe adopting the invention is adopted2The electrode prepared from the nanoflower material has excellent cycling stability.
FIG. 4 shows specific discharge capacities of magnesium batteries at different current densities of 50mA · g-1、100mA·g-1、200mA·g-1、500 mA·g-1And 50mA · g-1The specific discharge capacity is 266mAh g-1、230mAh·g-1、205mAh·g-1、181mAh·g-1、252mAh·g-1. Even when the current density is as high as 500 mA · g-1The discharge capacity was 181 mAh g-1And 50mA · g-1Specific capacity 266mAh g-1In contrast, the capacity retention rate is as high as 68%, and the results show that the WSe adopting the invention2The prepared electrode has high discharge capacity, good cycle stability and excellent rate performance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. WSe2The preparation method of the nano flower material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving sodium borohydride and selenium powder in a solvent for reaction;
s2, adding sodium tungstate into the mixed solution after the reaction of S1, and continuing the reaction to obtain WSe2And (4) nano flowers.
2. WSe according to claim 12The preparation method of the nano flower material is characterized in that the initial concentrations of the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder in the solvent are both 0.05-0.15 moL/L.
3. WSe according to claim 12Nanometer flowerThe preparation method of the material is characterized in that the solvent is dimethylformamide or hydrazine hydrate.
4. WSe according to claim 12The preparation method of the nanoflower material is characterized in that the reaction time of the sodium borohydride and the selenium powder is 2-10 h.
5. WSe according to claim 12The preparation method of the nanoflower material is characterized in that the addition amount of sodium tungstate is such that the initial concentration of sodium tungstate in the mixed solution is 0.01-0.1 moL/L.
6. WSe according to claim 12The preparation method of the nanoflower material is characterized in that the reaction temperature of the sodium tungstate and the mixed solution is 60-100 ℃, the reaction time is 8-16 hours, and the reaction vessel is a reaction kettle.
7. An electrode comprising a copper foil and a coating applied to the copper foil by applying a WSe prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 62The nanometer flower is mixed with conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride and dissolved in nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone to prepare the nanometer flower.
8. The electrode of claim 7, wherein the WSe2The mass ratio of the nanoflower to the conductive agent to the polyvinylidene fluoride is 8:1: 1.
9. The electrode of claim 7, wherein the vacuum drying is performed at a vacuum degree of-0.06 MPa, a temperature of 80-100 ℃ and a time of 12-24 h.
10. A magnesium ion battery, wherein the working electrode of the magnesium ion battery is the electrode according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
CN202010028228.7A 2020-01-10 2020-01-10 WSe2Preparation method of nano flower material and electrode Pending CN111146440A (en)

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CN112808228A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-18 华北电力大学（保定） WSe2/halloysite nanotube demercuration adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20200512