CN111143999A - Method, device and equipment for calculating regional surface roughness - Google Patents
Method, device and equipment for calculating regional surface roughness Download PDFInfo
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- CN111143999A CN111143999A CN201911370594.4A CN201911370594A CN111143999A CN 111143999 A CN111143999 A CN 111143999A CN 201911370594 A CN201911370594 A CN 201911370594A CN 111143999 A CN111143999 A CN 111143999A
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Abstract
The application discloses a method, a device and equipment for calculating regional surface roughness, which are used for converting surface roughness data extracted from a preset surface roughness database into surface coverage vegetation height; adding the surface covering vegetation height to a computational fluid dynamics model; then calculating a resistance coefficient and a resistance item, adding the resistance coefficient and the resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model for initialization after inputting the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of an entry point of the region to be measured into the computational fluid dynamics model, and outputting a wind speed value of an observation point; establishing a functional relation based on the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the wind speed value of an observation point and the preset wind speed of an entry point; the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured is obtained according to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, and the technical problems of high cost and complex post-processing data of the conventional surface roughness calculation method are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of data processing technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a device for calculating a regional surface roughness.
Background
The fitting curve of the wind speed changing along with the height has important significance for wind load calculation of a transmission line, wind resource evaluation of a wind power plant and the like, in an atmospheric boundary layer, the average wind speed changes along with the height, the change rule is called wind speed profile, the current common wind speed profile mode of exponential rate or logarithmic rate, whereas the wind profile is highly dependent on the surface roughness, aerodynamic roughness does not merely refer to the roughness of the object surface, but mainly refers to a comprehensive mechanical parameter of the influence of the surface of the object on the flowing fluid from the aspect of hydrodynamics, and the ground roughness in the aerodynamic sense represents the interaction between the surface and the atmosphere, reflects the reduction effect of the surface on the wind speed and the influence on the wind and sand activities, therefore, the research on the surface roughness has important significance on the accuracy of the wind resource assessment of the wind speed and the wind power plant designed by the power transmission line.
In the traditional method, the surface roughness of a certain area is determined, usually a surface roughness measuring instrument is used for measuring the terrain on the spot, the surface roughness measuring instrument is used for measuring, the roughness of a region can be obtained only by carrying out large-area actual measurement statistics, and the problems of complex operation, complex instrument erection and difficulty in carrying exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method, a device and equipment for calculating the surface roughness of a region, which are used for solving the technical problems of high cost and complex post-processing data of the existing surface roughness calculation method.
In view of the above, a first aspect of the present application provides a method for calculating a surface roughness of a region, including:
extracting surface roughness data in a preset surface roughness database, and converting the surface roughness data into surface covering vegetation height;
adding the height of the surface covering vegetation into a computational fluid dynamics model, wherein the computational fluid dynamics model is obtained on the basis of DEM data of a region to be measured and computational fluid dynamics software;
calculating a drag coefficient based on the computational fluid dynamics model after adding the surface covering vegetation height;
after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of the entry point of the area to be measured are input into the computational fluid dynamics model, adding the resistance coefficient and the resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model, and outputting a wind speed value of an observation point, wherein the resistance item is obtained by calculation based on the resistance coefficient;
establishing a functional relation based on a wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating a wind speed value of the observation point and a preset wind speed of the entry point;
and obtaining the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured according to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the actual wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the actual wind speed value of the observation point and the actual wind speed value of the entry point.
Preferably, the adding the surface covering vegetation height to a computational fluid dynamics model further comprises:
acquiring DEM data of the area to be detected;
establishing a geometric model of the region to be measured based on the DEM data;
and carrying out grid division on the geometric model, and introducing the divided geometric model into the computational fluid dynamics software to obtain the computational fluid dynamics model.
Preferably, the relationship between the terrain roughness and the height of the terrain covering vegetation is as follows:
h＝α·z0；
wherein h is the height of the vegetation covered on the earth's surface, z0For surface roughness, α is a conversion factor.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the resistance coefficient is as follows:
Cd＝CD,t·at；
wherein, CdIs a coefficient of resistance, CD,tIs a coefficient of resistance, atLeaf area density, which is highly correlated with surface cover vegetation.
Preferably, the resistance term is calculated by the formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as a term for the drag, ρ is the air density,
in order to obtain the speed of the incoming wind,
is the incoming wind velocity component.
Preferably, the establishing a functional relationship based on the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness comprises:
calculating the wind speed ratio of the entry point and the observation point according to the wind speed value of the observation point and the preset wind speed of the entry point;
and performing data fitting on the surface roughness data and the wind speed ratio to generate a wind speed ratio-surface roughness curve, and obtaining a functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data.
The second aspect of the present application provides a device for calculating the surface roughness of a region, comprising:
the conversion module is used for extracting surface roughness data in a preset surface roughness database and converting the surface roughness data into surface covering vegetation height;
the first adding module is used for adding the height of the surface covering vegetation into a computational fluid dynamics model, and the computational fluid dynamics model is obtained on the basis of DEM data of a region to be measured and computational fluid dynamics software;
a calculation module for calculating a drag coefficient based on the computational fluid dynamics model with the added surface cover vegetation height;
the second adding module is used for adding the resistance coefficient and the resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of the entry point of the region to be detected are input into the computational fluid dynamics model, outputting a wind speed value of an observation point, and calculating the resistance item based on the resistance coefficient;
the first establishing module is used for establishing a functional relation based on a wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating a wind speed value of the observation point and a preset wind speed of the entry point;
and the output module is used for obtaining the actual surface roughness of the area to be detected according to the actual wind speed ratio of the area to be detected and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, and the actual wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the actual wind speed value of the observation point and the actual wind speed value of the entry point.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring DEM data of the area to be detected;
the second establishing module is used for establishing a geometric model of the area to be measured based on the DEM data;
and the importing module is used for carrying out grid division on the geometric model and importing the divided geometric model into the computational fluid dynamics software to obtain the computational fluid dynamics model.
Preferably, the first establishing module is specifically configured to:
calculating the wind speed ratio of the entry point and the observation point according to the wind speed value of the observation point and the preset wind speed of the entry point;
and performing data fitting on the surface roughness data and the wind speed ratio to generate a wind speed ratio-surface roughness curve, and obtaining a functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data.
A third aspect of the present application provides a device for calculating surface roughness of an area, the device comprising a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing program codes and transmitting the program codes to the processor;
the processor is configured to execute the method for calculating the surface roughness of the region according to any one of the first aspect according to instructions in the program code.
According to the technical scheme, the method has the following advantages:
the application provides a method for calculating regional surface roughness, which comprises the following steps: extracting surface roughness data in a preset surface roughness database, and converting the surface roughness data into surface covering vegetation height; adding the height of the earth surface covering vegetation into a computational fluid dynamics model, wherein the computational fluid dynamics model is obtained based on DEM data of a region to be measured and computational fluid dynamics software; calculating a resistance coefficient based on a computational fluid mechanics model after adding the height of the earth surface covering vegetation; after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of an entry point of a region to be measured are input into the computational fluid dynamics model, adding a resistance coefficient and a resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model, and outputting a wind speed value of an observation point, wherein the resistance item is obtained by calculation based on the resistance coefficient; establishing a functional relation based on the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the wind speed value of an observation point and the preset wind speed of an entry point; and obtaining the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured according to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the actual wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the actual wind speed value of the observation point and the actual wind speed value of the entry point.
According to the method for calculating the regional surface roughness, the computational fluid mechanics model is constructed through the computational fluid mechanics software, the cost is low, and the complex process of data processing is reduced; the wind speed of an observation point is calculated through a computational fluid mechanics model, so that the functional relation between the surface roughness of a region to be measured and the wind speed ratio of the observation point and an entry point of the region to be measured is established, the actual wind speed ratio is calculated through measuring the actual wind speeds of the observation point and the entry point, the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured can be calculated according to the actual wind speed ratio and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness, only the wind speeds of the observation point and the entry point need to be measured, a large amount of field actual measurement is not needed, the operation is simple, a complex post data processing process is not needed, and the technical problems of high cost and complex post processing data of the existing surface roughness calculation method are.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for calculating a surface roughness of an area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is another schematic flow chart of a method for calculating a surface roughness of an area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for calculating a surface roughness of an area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of DEM data provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a CFD mesh provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of measuring wind speed of a region to be measured according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
For easy understanding, referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of a method for calculating a regional surface roughness provided by the present application includes:
It should be noted that different surface roughness data are extracted from the preset surface roughness database to simulate different surface roughness, and the surface roughness data are converted into a relational expression of the height of the surface covering vegetation, wherein:
h＝α·z0；
wherein h is the height of the vegetation covered on the earth's surface, z0For surface roughness, α is a conversion factor, which can be set as the case may be.
The height of the surface covering vegetation is added into the computational fluid dynamics model to obtain the height of the surface covering vegetation at each position of the computational fluid dynamics model, wherein the computational fluid dynamics model is obtained based on DEM data of the area to be measured and computational fluid dynamics software.
And 103, calculating a resistance coefficient based on the computational fluid dynamics model added with the height of the earth surface covering vegetation.
It should be noted that the formula for calculating the resistance coefficient is as follows:
Cd＝CD,t·at；
wherein, CdIs a coefficient of resistance, CD,tIs a coefficient of resistance, atLeaf area density, which is highly correlated with surface cover vegetation.
And step 104, after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of the entry point of the area to be measured are input into the computational fluid dynamics model, adding the resistance coefficient and the resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model, and outputting the wind speed value of the observation point.
It should be noted that the preset wind direction of the entry point of the area to be measured is obtained through the monsoon wind direction in the area to be measured, and the preset wind speed is obtained through the historical average wind speed in the area to be measured, wherein the monsoon wind direction and the historical average wind speed can be obtained through a local meteorological department.
The resistance term is obtained by calculation based on the resistance coefficient, and the calculation formula of the resistance term is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as a term for the drag, ρ is the air density,
in order to obtain the speed of the incoming wind,
is the incoming wind velocity component.
And 105, establishing a functional relation based on the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the wind speed value of the observation point and the wind speed value of the entry point.
It should be noted that the calculation formula of the wind speed ratio R is as follows:
R＝Viz/Voz；
wherein, VizFor wind speed, V, at the height z of the entry pointozIs the wind speed at the height z of the observation point.
And 106, obtaining the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured according to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data.
It should be noted that, the actual wind speed ratio between the entrance point and the observation point is calculated according to the observation point of the region to be measured and the actual wind speed at the entrance point, the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured is substituted into the functional relationship between the obtained wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, and the surface roughness data corresponding to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured is calculated, so as to obtain the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured.
According to the method for calculating the regional surface roughness, the computational fluid mechanics model is constructed through the computational fluid mechanics software, the cost is low, and the complex process of data processing is reduced; the wind speed of an observation point is calculated through a computational fluid mechanics model, so that the functional relation between the surface roughness of a region to be measured and the wind speed ratio of the observation point and an entry point of the region to be measured is established, the actual wind speed ratio is calculated through measuring the actual wind speeds of the observation point and the entry point, the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured can be calculated according to the actual wind speed ratio and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness, only the wind speeds of the observation point and the entry point need to be measured, a large amount of field actual measurement is not needed, the operation is simple, a complex post data processing process is not needed, and the technical problems of high cost and complex post processing data of the existing surface roughness calculation method are.
For easy understanding, referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of a method for calculating a regional surface roughness provided by the present application includes:
and step 201, acquiring DEM data of the area to be measured.
It should be noted that, according to data disclosed by a network or actually measured geographic information data, DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of an area to be measured may be obtained, the DEM data may refer to fig. 4, the Digital Elevation Model is a Digital simulation of the ground terrain through effective terrain Elevation data, that is, a Digital expression of the terrain surface morphology, and is an entity ground Model that represents the ground Elevation in the form of a group of ordered numerical arrays, and is a branch of the Digital terrain Model, from which various other terrain characteristic values may be derived.
And step 202, establishing a geometric model of the region to be measured based on the DEM data.
It should be noted that the DEM data represented by latitude, longitude and altitude is converted into x, y, and z coordinates, thereby establishing a geometric model of the area to be measured.
And 203, carrying out grid division on the geometric model, and introducing the divided geometric model into computational fluid dynamics software to obtain a computational fluid dynamics model.
It should be noted that, mesh division may be performed on the geometric model of the region to be measured by using mesh division software to obtain a CFD mesh as shown in fig. 5, and the divided geometric model is introduced into computational fluid dynamics software to obtain a computational fluid dynamics model, where the computational fluid dynamics software may be Fluent, ANSYS CFX, or STAR-CD, and Fluent software is preferably used for simulation in the embodiment of the present application.
And 204, extracting the surface roughness data in the preset surface roughness database, and converting the surface roughness data into the height of the surface covering vegetation.
In addition, the surface roughness z is0Certain surface roughness data are extracted within the distribution range of 0.001m-1m to form a preset surface roughness database, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: between 0.001m and 0.01m, surface roughness data can be extracted every 0.001m, between 0.01m and 0.1m, surface roughness data can be extracted every 0.01m, between 0.1m and 1m, surface roughness data can be extracted every 0.1m, so as to obtain a preset surface roughness database, surface roughness is extracted from the preset surface roughness database and converted into the height of surface covering vegetation, and the conversion formula is as follows:
h＝α·z0；
wherein h is the height of the vegetation covered on the earth's surface, z0For surface roughness, α is a conversion factor, which can be set as the case may be.
The ground surface vegetation height is added to the computational fluid dynamics model to obtain the ground surface vegetation height at each location of the computational fluid dynamics model.
And step 206, calculating a resistance coefficient based on the computational fluid dynamics model added with the height of the earth surface covering vegetation.
It should be noted that, according to the relationship between the vertical height z of each grid unit from the ground in the computational fluid dynamics model and the height h of the surface covering vegetation at the grid unit, the resistance coefficient corresponding to the vertical height of the grid unit is computed to obtain the resistance coefficient of each grid unit, and all the resistance coefficients can be stored in a custom memory, wherein the computing formula of the resistance coefficient is as follows:
Cd＝CD,t·at；
wherein, CdIs a coefficient of resistance, CD,tIs a coefficient of resistance, atIs the density of the leaf area, wherein at＝0.1e-10(z/h-0.45)(z/h-0.45)。
And step 207, after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of the entry point of the region to be measured are input into the computational fluid dynamics model, adding the resistance coefficient and the resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model, and outputting the wind speed value of the observation point.
It should be noted that the preset wind direction of the entry point of the area to be measured is obtained through the monsoon wind direction in the area to be measured, and the preset wind speed is obtained through the historical average wind speed in the area to be measured, wherein the monsoon wind direction and the historical average wind speed can be obtained through a local meteorological department, and the observation point is arranged at a place where the center of the area to be measured is not shielded; different resistance coefficients can be defined for different areas through the Fluent UDF, and the resistance coefficients defined by the UDF can be given to the areas through an initialization button of Fluent software; after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction are input into a computational fluid dynamics model, a resistance coefficient and a resistance item are added into the computational fluid dynamics model, the model is initialized through an initialization button, CFD calculation is started, and after calculation convergence, a wind speed value of an observation point is extracted, wherein the resistance item is obtained through calculation based on the resistance coefficient, and the calculation formula of the resistance item is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as a term for the drag, ρ is the air density,
in order to obtain the speed of the incoming wind,
is the incoming wind velocity component.
And step 208, establishing a functional relation based on the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the wind speed value of the observation point and the preset wind speed of the entry point.
It should be noted that different surface roughness data are calculated by computational fluid dynamics software to obtain wind speed values of corresponding observation points, and a wind speed ratio is calculated by the wind speed values of the observation points and the preset wind speed of an entry point, wherein a calculation formula of the wind speed ratio R is as follows:
R＝Viz/Voz；
wherein, VizFor a preset wind speed, V, at the height z of the entry pointozFor the wind speed at the height z of the observation point, the wind speed ratios corresponding to different surface roughness data may be different, after the wind speed values of the corresponding observation points are obtained by calculating a fluid mechanics model for all the surface roughness data in the preset database, the wind speed ratio corresponding to each surface roughness data can be obtained, data fitting can be performed on the surface roughness data and the wind speed ratio, a wind speed ratio-surface roughness curve is generated, and thus the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness is obtained.
And 209, obtaining the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured according to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data.
It should be noted that, the wind speed measurement of the region to be measured may refer to fig. 6, where the observation point is set at a location where the center of the region to be measured is not shielded, the actual wind speed may be measured by an anemometer or other devices, the actual wind speed ratio between the entrance point and the observation point is calculated according to the actual wind speed obtained by measuring the observation point and the entrance point of the region to be measured, the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured is substituted into the function relationship between the established wind speed ratio and the surface roughness, and the surface roughness corresponding to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured is calculated, so as to obtain the actual surface roughness of the region to. According to the method for calculating the regional surface roughness, a functional relation between a wind speed ratio and surface roughness data in a region to be measured can be established through computational fluid mechanics simulation, on the basis, the actual wind speed of an entry point and an observation point is measured, the actual wind speed ratio is calculated, and according to the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, the surface roughness data corresponding to the actual wind speed is calculated, so that the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured is obtained, a large amount of field actual measurement is not needed, a complex post data processing process is not needed, and the method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and the like; in the prior art, after the ground surface vegetation of the area to be measured is changed, a large amount of field actual measurement and data processing are required to be carried out again, the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the ground surface roughness, which is established in the embodiment of the application, is not required to be reestablished, and new ground surface roughness can be obtained only according to the changed and newly measured wind speed ratio.
For easy understanding, please refer to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for calculating a regional roughness, including:
the conversion module 301 is configured to extract surface roughness data in a preset surface roughness database, and convert the surface roughness data into a surface covering vegetation height.
The first adding module 302 is configured to add the height of the surface covering vegetation to a computational fluid dynamics model, where the computational fluid dynamics model is obtained based on DEM data of the region to be measured and computational fluid dynamics software.
And the calculating module 303 is used for calculating the resistance coefficient based on the computational fluid dynamics model added with the height of the earth covering vegetation.
And the second adding module 304 is configured to add a resistance coefficient and a resistance item to the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of the entry point of the region to be measured are input to the computational fluid dynamics model, and output a wind speed value of the observation point, where the resistance item is obtained by calculation based on the resistance coefficient.
The first establishing module 305 is used for establishing a functional relation based on a wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating a wind speed value of an observation point and a preset wind speed of an entrance point.
And the output module 306 is configured to obtain the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured according to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured and the functional relationship between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, and the actual wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the actual wind speed value of the observation point and the actual wind speed value of the entry point.
Further, still include:
and an obtaining module 307, configured to obtain DEM data of the region to be measured.
And a second establishing module 308 for establishing a geometric model of the region to be measured based on the DEM data.
And an importing module 309, configured to perform mesh division on the geometric model, and import the divided geometric model into computational fluid dynamics software to obtain a computational fluid dynamics model.
Further, the first establishing module 305 is specifically configured to:
calculating the wind speed ratio of an entry point and the observation point according to the wind speed value of the observation point and the preset wind speed of the entry point;
and performing data fitting on the surface roughness data and the wind speed ratio to generate a wind speed ratio-surface roughness curve and obtain a functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data.
The present application further provides one embodiment of a device for calculating regional surface roughness, the device comprising a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing the program codes and transmitting the program codes to the processor;
the processor is used for executing the method for calculating the regional surface roughness in the embodiment of the method for calculating the regional surface roughness according to the instructions in the program codes.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or contributed to by the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for executing all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application through a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device). And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating regional surface roughness is characterized by comprising the following steps:
extracting surface roughness data in a preset surface roughness database, and converting the surface roughness data into surface covering vegetation height;
adding the height of the surface covering vegetation into a computational fluid dynamics model, wherein the computational fluid dynamics model is obtained on the basis of DEM data of a region to be measured and computational fluid dynamics software;
calculating a drag coefficient based on the computational fluid dynamics model after adding the surface covering vegetation height;
after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of the entry point of the area to be measured are input into the computational fluid dynamics model, adding the resistance coefficient and the resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model, and outputting a wind speed value of an observation point, wherein the resistance item is obtained by calculation based on the resistance coefficient;
establishing a functional relation based on a wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating a wind speed value of the observation point and a preset wind speed of the entry point;
and obtaining the actual surface roughness of the region to be measured according to the actual wind speed ratio of the region to be measured and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the actual wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the actual wind speed value of the observation point and the actual wind speed value of the entry point.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adding the surface covering vegetation height to the computational fluid dynamics model further comprises:
acquiring DEM data of the area to be detected;
establishing a geometric model of the region to be measured based on the DEM data;
and carrying out grid division on the geometric model, and introducing the divided geometric model into the computational fluid dynamics software to obtain the computational fluid dynamics model.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the relationship between the terrain roughness and the height of the vegetation cover is as follows:
h＝α·z0；
wherein h is the height of the vegetation covered on the earth's surface, z0For surface roughness, α is a conversion factor.
4. The method for calculating the surface roughness of the area according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the resistance coefficient is as follows:
Cd＝CD,t·at；
wherein, CdIs a coefficient of resistance, CD,tIs a coefficient of resistance, atLeaf area density, which is highly correlated with surface cover vegetation.
5. The method for calculating the surface roughness of the area according to claim 4, wherein the resistance term is calculated by the formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as a term for the drag, ρ is the air density,
in order to obtain the speed of the incoming wind,
is the incoming wind velocity component.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing a functional relationship based on the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness comprises:
calculating the wind speed ratio of the entry point and the observation point according to the wind speed value of the observation point and the preset wind speed of the entry point;
and performing data fitting on the surface roughness data and the wind speed ratio to generate a wind speed ratio-surface roughness curve, and obtaining a functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data.
7. An apparatus for calculating surface roughness of a region, comprising:
the conversion module is used for extracting surface roughness data in a preset surface roughness database and converting the surface roughness data into surface covering vegetation height;
the first adding module is used for adding the height of the surface covering vegetation into a computational fluid dynamics model, and the computational fluid dynamics model is obtained on the basis of DEM data of a region to be measured and computational fluid dynamics software;
a calculation module for calculating a drag coefficient based on the computational fluid dynamics model with the added surface cover vegetation height;
the second adding module is used for adding the resistance coefficient and the resistance item into the computational fluid dynamics model to initialize the computational fluid dynamics model after the preset wind speed and the preset wind direction of the entry point of the region to be detected are input into the computational fluid dynamics model, outputting a wind speed value of an observation point, and calculating the resistance item based on the resistance coefficient;
the first establishing module is used for establishing a functional relation based on a wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, wherein the wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating a wind speed value of the observation point and a preset wind speed of the entry point;
and the output module is used for obtaining the actual surface roughness of the area to be detected according to the actual wind speed ratio of the area to be detected and the functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data, and the actual wind speed ratio is obtained by calculating the actual wind speed value of the observation point and the actual wind speed value of the entry point.
8. The device for calculating the regional surface roughness of claim 7, further comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring DEM data of the area to be detected;
the second establishing module is used for establishing a geometric model of the area to be measured based on the DEM data;
and the importing module is used for carrying out grid division on the geometric model and importing the divided geometric model into the computational fluid dynamics software to obtain the computational fluid dynamics model.
9. The device for calculating regional surface roughness of claim 7, wherein the first establishing module is specifically configured to:
calculating the wind speed ratio of the entry point and the observation point according to the wind speed value of the observation point and the preset wind speed of the entry point;
and performing data fitting on the surface roughness data and the wind speed ratio to generate a wind speed ratio-surface roughness curve, and obtaining a functional relation between the wind speed ratio and the surface roughness data.
10. A device for calculating surface roughness of an area, the device comprising a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing program codes and transmitting the program codes to the processor;
the processor is used for executing the method for calculating the regional surface roughness as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 according to the instructions in the program code.
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