CN111140637A - Transmission mechanism and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Transmission mechanism and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111140637A CN111140637A CN201811300537.4A CN201811300537A CN111140637A CN 111140637 A CN111140637 A CN 111140637A CN 201811300537 A CN201811300537 A CN 201811300537A CN 111140637 A CN111140637 A CN 111140637A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
- F16H2025/249—Special materials or coatings for screws or nuts
Abstract
The invention discloses a transmission mechanism and a preparation method thereof, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises an active mechanism and a passive mechanism which are matched with each other, and a quasicrystal coating is formed on the surface of a transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism. The transmission mechanism has lubricating property, lower friction coefficient and higher hardness, and can effectively reduce the friction between transmission parts, so that no lubricant is required to be added in the use process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machinery, and particularly relates to a transmission mechanism and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Small household appliances such as a wall breaking machine, a juice machine, a bread machine, a full-automatic electric rice cooker (conveying of rice), a full-automatic cooking machine (an automatic cooking mechanism), a noodle maker and the like need to be applied to a transmission mechanism, lubricating grease or lubricating oil is adopted by a common traditional transmission mechanism, and the lubricating grease and the lubricating oil can be aged in the long-term use process and also relate to the problem of food sanitation. Therefore, the problem of transmission durability of small household appliances is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide a transmission mechanism having lubricating properties and a low coefficient of friction, which effectively reduces the friction between the transmission components, and which therefore does not require the addition of any lubricant.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a transmission mechanism, which comprises an active mechanism and a passive mechanism which are matched to be used, wherein a quasi-crystal coating is formed on the surface of a transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism.
The inventor finds that the outermost layer of the quasi-crystal has no reconstruction phenomenon, the quasi-crystal is kept to the outer surface in a pseudo-energy gap electronic structure, and therefore, the quasi-crystal has the lowest surface energy in a metal system, so that the quasi-crystal has better lubricating property, lower friction coefficient and stronger corrosion resistance. Thus, the present invention skillfully uses this property of the quasicrystal for the transmission mechanism, forming a quasicrystal coating on the surface of the transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism of the transmission mechanism. Therefore, the lubricating property between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism is obviously improved, the friction coefficient is reduced, and the friction of the transmission structure is effectively reduced, so that the transmission mechanism does not need to be added with lubricating oil or lubricating grease and other lubricating agents, and the pollution caused by the aging of the lubricating agents is avoided. Meanwhile, because the quasicrystal coating has good corrosion resistance and hardness, common metals such as iron, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, titanium and the like can be selected as the material of the transmission mechanism, and particularly, the common carbon steel can be used for replacing the expensive metals such as 304 stainless steel and the like, so that the cost can be obviously saved.
In addition, the transmission mechanism according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the present invention, the surfaces of the driving contact positions of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism are both formed with quasicrystalline coatings.
In some embodiments of the invention, the quasicrystalline coating comprises aluminum, copper, iron, chromium and titanium.
In some embodiments of the invention, the quasicrystalline coating comprises 50-70 atomic% of aluminum, 15-25 atomic% of copper, 5-15 atomic% of iron, and 5-15 atomic% of chromium and titanium, respectively.
In some embodiments of the invention, the active mechanism and the passive mechanism are made of a metal comprising iron, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, titanium.
In some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the quasicrystalline coating is 20-100 microns.
In some embodiments of the invention, the quasicrystalline coating has a porosity of 0.1% or more and 20% or less
In some embodiments of the invention, the size of the quasicrystalline particles in the quasicrystalline coating is 20-80 μm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the bonding force of the quasicrystal coating with the active mechanism and the passive mechanism is greater than 50MPa, and the hardness of the quasicrystal layer is greater than 2.9 GPa.
In some embodiments of the invention, the coefficient of friction between the driving interface of the driving mechanism and the driven interface of the driven mechanism is between 0.02 and 0.10.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrical appliance having the transmission mechanism of the previous embodiment, the electrical appliance comprising at least one selected from a wall breaking machine, a juice machine, a bread machine, a full automatic electric cooker, a full automatic cooker and a noodle maker. Thus, the quality of the household appliance can be remarkably improved.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention proposes a method of manufacturing a previously implemented transmission, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the method comprising:
(1) carrying out powder making treatment on the quasicrystal alloy ingot so as to obtain quasicrystal powder;
(2) spheroidizing the quasicrystal powder to obtain quasicrystal particles; and
(3) providing a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises an active mechanism and a passive mechanism which are matched with each other, and a quasicrystal coating is formed on the surface of a transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism based on the quasicrystal particles.
Therefore, the transmission mechanism prepared by the method has the quasicrystal coating on the surface of the transmission contact position of the driving mechanism and/or the driven mechanism, so that the transmission contact position has good lubricity and low friction coefficient, the friction resistance and wear between the transmission mechanisms can be effectively reduced, and lubricating oil or lubricating grease and other lubricants are not required to be added. Meanwhile, the formed quasicrystal coating has good corrosion resistance and hardness, so that common metals such as iron, carbon steel, titanium, aluminum and the like can be selected as the material of the transmission mechanism, particularly, the common carbon steel can be used for replacing the expensive metals such as 304 stainless steel and the like, and the cost can be obviously saved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (3), a quasicrystalline coating is formed on a surface of each of the driving contact positions of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the quasicrystalline alloy ingot is formed by subjecting a mixture containing an aluminum material, a copper material, an iron material, a chromium material, and a titanium material to a melting process.
In some embodiments of the invention, the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron, chromium, and titanium in the mixture are: 70-80% of aluminium, 15-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and the sum of 5-15% of chromium and titanium.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the powdering process employs an atomization powdering process.
In some embodiments of the invention, the quasicrystalline particles have a particle size of 20 to 80 μm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the quasicrystalline coating is formed by plasma spray coating.
In some embodiments of the invention, the conditions of the plasma spray process include: the arc power is 25-42kW, and the arc voltage is 40-50V.
In some embodiments of the present invention, after the step (3), annealing the quasicrystalline coating is further included.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the annealing treatment is performed under an inert gas atmosphere or vacuum, and the temperature of the annealing treatment is 700-900 ℃ for 0.5-6 hours.
In some embodiments of the present invention, before step (3), the surfaces of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism are subjected to a cleaning process in advance, the cleaning process including: and sequentially adopting alcohol, trichloroethylene and purified water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning so as to remove rust.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a transmission mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a transmission mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of preparing a transmission according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of preparing a transmission according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of preparing a transmission according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a transmission mechanism, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the transmission mechanism comprises an active mechanism 10 and a passive mechanism 20 used in cooperation, and a quasicrystalline coating 30 is formed on a surface of a transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism 10 and the passive mechanism 20.
Therefore, in the transmission mechanism of the embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystal coating is formed on the surface of the transmission contact position between at least one of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism, so that the transmission contact position between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism has good lubricity and low friction coefficient, and the friction between the transmission mechanisms can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the quasicrystal coating has good corrosion resistance and hardness, so that common metals such as iron, carbon steel, titanium, aluminum and the like can be selected as the material of the transmission mechanism, particularly, the common carbon steel can be used for replacing the expensive metals such as 304 stainless steel and the like, and the cost can be remarkably saved.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the quasicrystalline coating comprises aluminum, copper, iron, chromium and titanium. Therefore, the friction coefficient of the quasicrystal coating can be further reduced, the lubricating property of the quasicrystal coating is improved, and the service life and the demoulding efficiency of the transmission mechanism are further improved.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystalline coating contains, in atomic percentages, 50-70% of aluminium, 15-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and, in total, 5-15% of chromium and titanium, respectively. Therefore, the content and purity of the quasicrystal in the quasicrystal powder can be further improved. And the outermost layer of the quasi-crystal coating with the element components and the proportion has no reconstruction phenomenon, and the electronic structure with the pseudo energy gap is kept to the outer surface, so that the quasi-crystal has the lowest surface energy in a metal system, and the quasi-crystal has better lubricating property and lower friction coefficient and stronger corrosion resistance. Therefore, the hardness of the quasicrystal coating can be further improved, the friction coefficient is reduced, the lubricating performance of the transmission mechanism is obviously improved, the phenomenon that the lubricating agent is used to age and pollute food is avoided, and meanwhile, the service life is prolonged.
According to the transmission mechanism of the above embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism are made of metal, and the metal includes iron, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, and titanium. Therefore, the material of the transmission mechanism can be selected from common metals, such as iron, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, titanium and the like, and particularly, the common carbon steel can be used for replacing expensive metals such as 304 stainless steel and the like, so that the cost can be obviously saved.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the quasicrystalline coating is between 20 and 100 microns. The inventor finds that if the thickness of the quasicrystal coating is too large, the gap between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism is reduced, so that the collision between transmission structures is increased, the quasicrystal coating is easy to scrape, the lubricating performance is reduced, and meanwhile, the thermal stress of the quasicrystal coating is too large, so that the coating is cracked; if the thickness of the quasi-crystal coating is too small, the coating is easily removed when the surface roughness is reduced by polishing or high-speed cutting and the like of the subsequent quasi-crystal coating, and meanwhile, the wear resistance is poor, and the lubricating performance is also influenced. This can further reduce the friction coefficient and improve the lubricating performance. For example, the thickness of the quasicrystalline coating can be 30 microns, 40 microns, 50 microns, 60 microns, 70 microns, 80 microns, 90 microns. Preferably 100 microns, can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction and improve the lubricating performance.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the porosity of the quasi-crystal coating is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 20%, the grain diameter of the quasi-crystal grains in the quasi-crystal coating is 20-80 μm, and if the grain diameter is too large, the surface roughness is increased, and the friction performance is reduced; if the particle size is too small, the production cost is significantly increased. Specifically, the particle size of the quasicrystalline particles may be 25 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, or 70 μm. Therefore, the flatness of the transmission contact surface of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism can be further improved, and the surface friction coefficient is reduced. Therefore, the inventors have found that the lubricating properties are best when the quasicrystalline coating has the above porosity and the quasicrystalline particles in the quasicrystalline coating have the above particle size. When the porosity is too large or the particle size of the particles is too large, the roughness of the surface of the quasicrystalline coating is increased, and the lubricity is reduced.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the binding force of the quasicrystal coating with the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism is more than 50MPa, so that the quasicrystal coating still has good binding force in the long-time high-strength operation process, and the lubricating performance of the transmission mechanism can be effectively maintained.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the hardness of the quasicrystal layer is greater than 2.9 GPa. Therefore, the wear resistance of the transmission mechanism can be further improved, the service life of the transmission mechanism is prolonged, and meanwhile, the deformation of the transmission structure can be reduced, so that the transmission precision is increased. Meanwhile, the hardness is improved, the phenomena of friction increase and the like caused by physical deformation such as scratching, scratching or collision of the transmission mechanism can be prevented, and the transmission precision is further ensured.
In some embodiments of the invention, the coefficient of friction between the driving interface of the driving mechanism and the driven interface of the driven mechanism is between 0.02 and 0.10. Preferably, the friction coefficient between the transmission contact surfaces of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism is 0.04-0.08. Therefore, the transmission mechanism has excellent lubricity due to the lower friction coefficient, so that the defect that the transmission mechanism in the existing cooking equipment is aged and pollutes food due to the fact that any lubricant is not used can be avoided.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a household appliance, which is characterized in that the household appliance has the transmission mechanism of the previous embodiment, and the household appliance comprises at least one selected from a wall breaking machine, a juice machine, a bread machine, a full-automatic electric cooker, a full-automatic cooking machine and a noodle maker. Because the transmission mechanism has good lubricity and does not need to use a lubricant, the pollution of the aged lubricant to household appliances and cooking foods can be avoided. This significantly increases the feeling of use of the user.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, for the wall breaking machine with the transmission mechanism, by reducing the friction coefficient between the transmission contact surfaces, the collision and vibration of the transmission mechanism in the operation process can be obviously reduced, so that the operation noise can be reduced, the noise reduction effect can be achieved, and the use feeling of a user can be increased.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention proposes a method of manufacturing a previously implemented transmission, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the method comprising:
(1) carrying out powder making treatment on the quasicrystal alloy ingot so as to obtain quasicrystal powder;
(2) spheroidizing the quasicrystal powder to obtain quasicrystal particles; and
(3) providing a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises an active mechanism and a passive mechanism which are matched with each other, and a quasicrystal coating is formed on the surface of the transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism based on the quasicrystal particles.
Therefore, the transmission mechanism prepared by the method has the quasicrystal coating on the surface of the transmission contact position of the driving mechanism and/or the driven mechanism, so that the transmission contact position has good lubricity and low friction coefficient, the friction resistance and wear between the transmission mechanisms can be effectively reduced, and lubricating oil or lubricating grease and other lubricants are not required to be added. Meanwhile, the formed quasicrystal coating has good corrosion resistance and hardness, so that common metals such as iron, carbon steel, titanium, aluminum and the like can be selected as the material of the transmission mechanism, particularly, the common carbon steel can be used for replacing the expensive metals such as 304 stainless steel and the like, and the cost can be obviously saved.
A method of manufacturing a transmission mechanism according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 3 to 5:
s100: powder processing
Firstly, a quasi-crystal alloy ingot is subjected to powder making treatment so as to obtain quasi-crystal powder. Therefore, the quasicrystal powder prepared from the quasicrystal alloy ingot can improve the quasicrystal content in the annealing of the coating.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a quasicrystalline alloy ingot is formed by a melting process of a material containing one or more of aluminum, iron, copper, chromium, titanium, nickel, and zirconium.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a material forming the quasicrystalline coating layer includes an Al-Cu-Fe alloy, an Al-Cu-Fe-Cr alloy, a Ti-Fe alloy, or a Ti-Ni-Zr alloy.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a quasicrystalline alloy ingot is formed by performing a melting process on a mixture containing an aluminum material, a copper material, an iron material, a chromium material, and a titanium material. Therefore, the obtained quasicrystal alloy ingot is more suitable for forming a quasicrystal coating later.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron, chromium, and titanium in the mixture are: 50-70% of aluminium, 15-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and the sum of 5-15% of chromium and titanium. Therefore, the quasicrystal content in the obtained quasicrystal coating can be higher. Further improving the hardness of the quasi-crystal coating, reducing the friction coefficient of the quasi-crystal coating and further improving the lubricating performance of the transmission mechanism.
The processing method for preparing the quasicrystalline alloy ingot into the quasicrystalline powder according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select according to actual needs. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystal alloy ingot can be prepared into quasicrystal powder by an atomization powder preparation method, and the prepared quasicrystal powder is more suitable for being used for forming a quasicrystal coating later.
S200: spheroidizing treatment
Secondly, the quasicrystalline powder prepared above is spheroidized to obtain quasicrystalline particles. The quasicrystal particles obtained by spheroidizing have better fluidity, so that the feeding of the quasicrystal particles in the subsequent spraying treatment process is facilitated, and the spraying uniformity is improved.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the quasicrystalline particles is 20 to 80 μm. If the particle diameter is too large, the surface roughness is increased and the friction performance is reduced; if the particle size is too small, the production cost is significantly increased. Specifically, the particle size of the quasicrystalline particles may be 25 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, or 70 μm. Therefore, the flatness of the transmission contact surface of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism can be further improved, and the surface friction coefficient is reduced.
S300: spray coating treatment
Finally, a transmission mechanism is provided, the transmission mechanism comprises an active mechanism and a passive mechanism which are matched with each other, and a quasicrystal coating is formed on the surfaces of the transmission contact positions of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism based on the quasicrystal particles.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystalline coating is formed by plasma spraying. Therefore, the quasicrystal coating can be effectively and uniformly formed on the surface of the transmission contact position between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism, and the method is mature in process, easy to operate and easy for industrial production.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plasma spraying process conditions include: the arc power is 25-42kW, and the arc voltage is 40-50V. Whereby the quasicrystalline coating can be formed more uniformly.
S400: annealing treatment
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the method of forming a quasicrystalline coating layer of the present invention further includes, after step S300: and annealing the quasicrystalline coating.
In this step, annealing treatment is performed on the alignment crystal coating. The inventors have found that forming a quasicrystalline coating on the surfaces in driving contact by a plasma spray process converts at least a portion of the quasicrystalline particles to an amorphous phase. And then, the quasicrystal seed crystal in the quasicrystal coating can be converted into quasicrystal again by annealing the quasicrystal coating, so that the quasicrystal content in the quasicrystal coating is improved. Thereby improving the hardness of the quasicrystalline coating and reducing the friction coefficient.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the annealing treatment is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere or vacuum, and the temperature of the annealing treatment is 700-900 ℃ for 0.5-6 hours. For example, the temperature may preferably be 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃. Therefore, the annealing in the temperature range can not only convert the amorphous phase converted by plasma spraying in the quasicrystal coating into quasicrystal again at high temperature, but also ensure that the quasicrystal crystal seed in the quasicrystal coating grows into quasicrystal crystal grains, and the quality of the quasicrystal coating cannot be influenced; if the temperature is lower than 700 ℃, the amorphous phase is not enough to be converted into quasi-crystal, but the quasi-crystal content in the quasi-crystal coating is increased compared with the quasi-crystal coating before annealing treatment; if the temperature is higher than 900 ℃, although the content of the quasicrystal in the bottom layer and the quasicrystal coating can be greatly improved, in the annealing process, the coating has overhigh thermal stress due to overhigh temperature, and the quasicrystal coating cracks due to overhigh thermal stress, so that the quality and the service performance of the coating are seriously influenced, and the friction coefficient of the quasicrystal coating is also influenced.
S500: cleaning treatment
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, before step S300, the surfaces of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism are subjected to a cleaning process in advance, and the cleaning process may include: and sequentially adopting alcohol, trichloroethylene and purified water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning so as to remove rust. Therefore, the surfaces of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism are cleaned, the binding force between the quasicrystal coating and the surfaces of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism can be further improved, and the quasicrystal coating is not easy to fall off, so that the quality of the transmission mechanism is improved.
Example 1
Preparing a lubricating transmission mechanism made of 304 stainless steel (the thickness of the quasicrystal coating is 20 microns):
(1) pure aluminum, pure copper, pure iron, pure chromium and pure titanium are adopted as raw materials, and according to aluminum: 55-60%, copper: 20-22%, iron: 10-12 percent of chromium and 10-12 percent of titanium are respectively proportioned.
(2) And putting the weighed raw materials into a medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting treatment, wherein iron, chromium and titanium are placed at the bottom end of the medium-frequency induction furnace. And introducing inert gas as protective gas in the whole smelting process or vacuumizing the furnace, and after the alloy is completely melted and slag is removed, casting to obtain a quasi-crystal alloy ingot.
(3) And supplying the quasicrystal alloy ingot into an atomization powder making device, carrying out atomization powder making, and obtaining quasicrystal powder by adopting inert gas protection or vacuumizing a system in the whole process.
(4) And spheroidizing and screening the prepared quasicrystal powder to obtain quasicrystal particles with the particle size of 50-60 um.
(5) The surfaces of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism (made of 304 stainless steel) are cleaned and dried by sequentially adopting modes of alcohol, trichloroethylene or pure water and ultrasonic waves and the like, and the surfaces are required to have no rust and the like before plasma spraying.
(6) Based on the quasicrystal particles, spraying the surfaces, in transmission contact with the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism (304 stainless steel material), of the cleaned driving mechanism and the driven mechanism by using a plasma spraying device, and forming a quasicrystal coating; the working conditions of the plasma spraying device are as follows: the arc power is 25-42kW, and the arc voltage is 40-50V.
(7) Annealing the active mechanism and the passive mechanism (304 stainless steel material) with the quasicrystal coating by using an annealing device in an inert gas atmosphere or vacuum, wherein the annealing temperature is 650-700 ℃, and the specific conditions are as follows: the temperature rising rate is 5-100 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 0.5-4 h, the temperature reduction rate is 5-100 ℃/min, the temperature is reduced to 200-300 ℃, and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace.
Finally, the transmission mechanism made of 304 nonmagnetic steel materials is obtained, and the thickness of the quasicrystal coating formed on the transmission contact surface is 20 microns.
Example 2
Preparing a transmission mechanism made of 304 stainless steel (the thickness of the quasicrystal coating is 100 microns):
a transmission mechanism made of 304 non-magnetic steel materials is prepared according to the steps of the embodiment, and the quasi-crystal coating with the thickness of 100 microns is finally obtained by controlling the spraying time.
Example 3
Preparing a transmission mechanism made of an iron material (the thickness of the quasi-crystal coating is 20 microns):
according to the procedure of example 1, the 304 stainless steel active mechanism and passive mechanism are replaced by iron active mechanism and passive mechanism, and the quasi-crystal coating with a thickness of 20 μm is sprayed on the transmission contact surface.
Example 4
Preparing a transmission mechanism made of an iron material (the thickness of the quasi-crystal coating is 100 microns):
according to the procedure of example 1, the 304 stainless steel active mechanism and passive mechanism are replaced by iron active mechanism and passive mechanism, and quasi-crystal coating with thickness of 100 μm is sprayed on the transmission contact surface.
Comparative example 1
Providing a conventional 304 stainless steel drive mechanism (no quasicrystalline coating)
Comparative example 2
Providing a conventional ferrous drive (no quasicrystalline coating)
And (3) testing and analyzing:
the transmission mechanisms prepared in examples 1 to 4 and the conventional 304 stainless steel transmission mechanism and the conventional iron transmission mechanism provided in comparative examples 1 to 2 were analyzed and tested, respectively, to determine the thickness and friction coefficient of the transmission contact surface between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism, and the binding force of the quasicrystalline coating on the transmission mechanisms prepared in examples 1 to 4.
And (3) testing the friction coefficient: a rotary friction tester is adopted, the load is 1000g, the experimental time is 40 minutes, and the rotating speed is 200 r/min.
And (3) testing the binding force: the method is carried out according to the method for measuring the thermal spraying-tensile bonding strength of GBT 8642 and 2002.
And (3) testing results:
| thickness (um) | Coefficient of friction | Binding force (MPa) | |
| Example 1 | 20um | 0.08 | 80 |
| Example 2 | 100um | 0.04 | 50 |
| Example 3 | 20um | 0.08 | 80 |
| Example 4 | 100um | 0.04 | 50 |
| Comparative example 1 | Without coating | 0.4 | |
| Comparative example 2 | Without coating | 1.0 |
As is evident from the comparison of the above test data, the friction coefficients of the transmission contact surfaces of the transmission mechanisms prepared in examples 1-4 are significantly lower than those of the conventional transmission mechanism made of 304 stainless steel without a quasicrystalline coating and the transmission mechanism made of iron. And the transmission mechanisms prepared in examples 1-4 also have good bonding force between the quasicrystalline coating and the substrate. Therefore, the transmission mechanism has excellent lubricity due to the low friction coefficient, so that the defect that the transmission mechanism in the existing cooking equipment is aged and pollutes food due to the fact that any lubricant is not used can be avoided. In addition, the strong binding force can ensure that the quasicrystal coating does not fall off in the long-time high-strength operation process of the transmission mechanism, so that the lubricating performance of the transmission mechanism is effectively maintained, and the service life is prolonged.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (22)
1. A transmission mechanism is characterized by comprising an active mechanism and a passive mechanism which are used in cooperation, wherein a quasicrystal coating is formed on the surface of a transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism.
2. The transmission mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surfaces of the driving contact positions of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism are formed with quasicrystalline coatings.
3. The transmission mechanism as recited in claim 2, wherein the quasicrystalline coating comprises aluminum, copper, iron, chromium, and titanium.
4. A transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that the quasicrystalline coating contains 50-70 atomic% of aluminium, 15-25 atomic% of copper, 5-15 atomic% of iron and 5-15 atomic% of chromium and titanium, respectively.
5. The transmission mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein the active mechanism and the passive mechanism are made of a metal comprising iron, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, titanium.
6. The transmission mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the quasicrystalline coating is 20-100 microns.
7. The transmission mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quasicrystalline coating has a porosity of 0.1% or more and 20% or less.
8. The transmission mechanism according to claim 4, wherein the size of the quasicrystalline particles in the quasicrystalline coating is 20-80 μm.
9. The transmission mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the quasi-crystal coating has a bonding force with the active mechanism and the passive mechanism of more than 50MPa, and the hardness of the quasi-crystal layer is more than 2.9 GPa.
10. The transmission mechanism as claimed in claim 5, wherein the coefficient of friction between the transmission contact surfaces of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism is 0.04-0.08.
11. An electric home appliance having the transmission mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the electric home appliance comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a wall breaking machine, a juice machine, a bread machine, a full-automatic electric rice cooker, a full-automatic cooker and a noodle maker.
12. A method of making a transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising:
(1) carrying out powder making treatment on the quasicrystal alloy ingot so as to obtain quasicrystal powder;
(2) spheroidizing the quasicrystal powder to obtain quasicrystal particles; and
(3) providing a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises an active mechanism and a passive mechanism, and a quasicrystalline coating is formed on the surface of a transmission contact position of at least one of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism based on the quasicrystalline particles.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein in step (3), a quasicrystalline coating is formed on a surface of each of the driving contact positions of the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the quasicrystalline alloy ingot is formed by subjecting a mixture containing an aluminum material, a copper material, an iron material, a chromium material, and a titanium material to a melting process.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the atomic percentages of aluminum, copper, iron, chromium, and titanium in the mixture are: 50-70% of aluminium, 15-25% of copper, 5-15% of iron and the sum of 5-15% of chromium and titanium.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein said milling is by atomization.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the quasicrystalline particles have a particle size of 20-80 μ ι η.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the quasicrystalline coating is formed by a plasma spray process.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the conditions of the plasma spray process include: the arc power is 25-42kW, and the arc voltage is 40-50V.
20. The method of claim 12, further comprising annealing the quasicrystalline coating after step (3).
21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the annealing treatment is performed under an inert gas atmosphere or vacuum, and the temperature of the annealing treatment is 700-900 ℃ for 0.5-6 hours.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, prior to step (3), surfaces of the active mechanism and the passive mechanism are subjected to a cleaning process in advance, the cleaning process comprising: and sequentially adopting alcohol, trichloroethylene and purified water to carry out ultrasonic cleaning so as to remove rust.
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