CN111140509B - Coaxial turbine pump structure of liquid oxygen kerosene engine - Google Patents
Coaxial turbine pump structure of liquid oxygen kerosene engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111140509B CN111140509B CN201911184868.0A CN201911184868A CN111140509B CN 111140509 B CN111140509 B CN 111140509B CN 201911184868 A CN201911184868 A CN 201911184868A CN 111140509 B CN111140509 B CN 111140509B
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- kerosene
- oxygen
- oxygen pump
- turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D1/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D1/06—Multi-stage pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
- F02K9/46—Feeding propellants using pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
- F04D29/106—Shaft sealings especially adapted for liquid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
- F04D29/12—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings
- F04D29/126—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings especially adapted for liquid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/2238—Special flow patterns
- F04D29/225—Channel wheels, e.g. one blade or one flow channel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/586—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for liquid pumps
- F04D29/588—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for liquid pumps cooling or heating the machine
Abstract
The invention belongs to a turbine pump, and provides a coaxial turbine pump structure of a liquid oxygen kerosene engine, aiming at solving the technical problems of large number of turbine pump parts, large weight and space size and high cost; the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump are sleeved on a turbine rotor of the turbine, and the kerosene pump is positioned between the oxygen pump and the turbine; the turbine and the kerosene pump are sealed by a leather cup; two groups of end face seals and floating ring seals are arranged between the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump, the end face seals and the floating ring seals are arranged in an oxygen pump shell of the oxygen pump, and the two groups of end face seals are respectively positioned on the outer sides of the two groups of floating ring seals. Because turbine, kerosene pump and oxygen pump are coaxial to be arranged, a turbine drives kerosene pump and oxygen pump simultaneously, compact structure has effectively reduced the spare part quantity of turbopump, weight and space overall dimension, has reduced turbopump production and processing and test cost, has improved turbopump reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a turbine pump, and particularly relates to a coaxial turbine pump structure of a liquid oxygen kerosene engine.
Background
The turbo pump is used as a core component of the carrier rocket engine, the pump is driven by the turbo to pressurize low-pressure liquid propellant components from the storage tank, and the propellant is conveyed to the main thrust chamber according to parameters required by an engine system. Liquid oxygen kerosene is used as a propellant in the carrier rocket, has the characteristics of high specific impulse, low cost and convenience in use and maintenance, and is widely applied. However, the existing turbine pump has a large number of parts, and further has large weight and space size and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the technical problems of large number of parts, large weight and space size and high cost of a turbine pump, and provides a coaxial turbine pump structure of a liquid oxygen kerosene engine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a coaxial turbine pump structure of a liquid oxygen kerosene engine is characterized by comprising an oxygen pump, a kerosene pump and a turbine which are coaxially arranged;
the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump are sleeved on a turbine rotor of the turbine, and the kerosene pump is positioned between the oxygen pump and the turbine;
the turbine is connected with the kerosene pump in a sealing way through a leather cup; the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump are connected through two groups of end face seals and floating rings in a sealing mode, the end face seals and the floating rings are installed in an oxygen pump shell of the oxygen pump in a sealing mode, and the two groups of end face seals are located on the outer sides of the two groups of floating ring seals respectively.
Further, the two groups of end face seals are respectively an oxygen pump side end face seal and a kerosene pump side end face seal.
Further, the oxygen pump comprises an oxygen pump inlet pipe, an oxygen pump inducer and an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel; the oxygen pump inducer and the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel are sleeved on the turbine rotor, the oxygen pump inducer and the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel are fixedly connected, and an oxygen pump guide sleeve is sleeved outside the oxygen pump inducer; an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring is arranged between the outer side of the sealing convex edge at the inlet side of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel and the oxygen pump shell, the rear end surface of the oxygen pump guide sleeve is attached to the front end surface of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring, and an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel rear sealing ring is arranged between the outer side of the sealing convex edge at the outlet side of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel and the oxygen pump shell; an oxygen pump bearing is sleeved at the rear end of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel on the turbine rotor, one side of an inner ring of the oxygen pump bearing is attached to a moving ring sealed on the end face of the oxygen pump side, the other side of the inner ring of the oxygen pump bearing is attached to the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel, and an outer ring of the oxygen pump bearing is fixed on an oxygen pump shell through a bearing seat; the oxygen pump inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the front end of the oxygen pump shell.
Further, the oxygen pump further comprises a return pipe; one end of the return pipe is communicated with an inlet of the oxygen pump inlet pipe, and the other end of the return pipe is connected to a sealed connection position of the oxygen pump bearing inner ring and the oxygen pump side end face.
Furthermore, the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the oxygen pump flow guide sleeve are of columnar structures with sequentially increased outer diameters, and gaps are reserved between the front part of the oxygen pump flow guide sleeve and the oxygen pump inlet pipe.
Further, the oxygen pump inducer is sleeved at the tail end of the turbine rotor, and the oxygen pump inducer and the turbine rotor are fixedly connected through a shaft end screw; the shaft end screw extends into the tail end of the turbine rotor from the front end of the oxygen pump inducer and is in threaded connection with the turbine rotor; and a magnetic element is arranged in the shaft end screw.
Further, the kerosene pump comprises a kerosene pump housing, a kerosene pump inducer and a kerosene pump centrifugal wheel;
the kerosene pump shell comprises a front part of the kerosene pump shell and a rear part of the kerosene pump shell in a volute shape, wherein a kerosene pump inlet channel is formed in the rear part of the kerosene pump shell, and the leather cup is arranged between the front part of the kerosene pump shell and the turbine;
the kerosene pump inducer and the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel are both sleeved on the turbine rotor, the kerosene pump inducer is fixedly connected with the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel, and a kerosene pump guide sleeve is sleeved outside the kerosene pump inducer;
a front sealing ring of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel is arranged between the outer side of the sealing convex edge at the inlet side of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel and the rear part of the kerosene pump shell, the rear end face of the guide sleeve of the kerosene pump is attached to the front end face of the front sealing ring of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel, and a rear sealing ring of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel is arranged between the outer side of the sealing convex edge at the outlet side of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel and the rear part of the kerosene pump shell; the end face seal at the side of the kerosene pump is attached to the rear end of the centrifugal wheel of the kerosene pump;
the turbine rotor is sleeved with a bushing between the front end of the inducer of the kerosene pump and the rear part of the kerosene pump shell, a main bearing is sleeved between the front part of the kerosene pump shell and the turbine rotor, one side of an inner ring of the main bearing is attached to a step arranged on the turbine rotor, the other side of the inner ring of the main bearing is attached to the end face of the bushing, the main bearing is pressed tightly through the bushing, one side of an outer ring of the main bearing is attached to the step in the front part of the kerosene pump shell; the limiting nut is fixed in the front part of the kerosene pump shell and provided with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the inlet channel of the kerosene pump through a first backflow hole, and the rear side of the main bearing is communicated with the inlet channel of the kerosene pump through a second backflow hole;
the turbine rotor is provided with a plurality of backflow inlets along the axial direction at the corresponding position of the sealing convex edge at the outlet side of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel, and the turbine rotor is provided with a plurality of backflow outlets along the axial direction at the corresponding position between the rear side of the main bearing and the rear part of the kerosene pump shell.
Furthermore, the oxygen pump shell is positioned at the floating ring seal position and is symmetrically provided with a blowing gas inlet and a blowing gas outlet along the axial direction, and a blowing gas channel is formed between the blowing gas inlet and the blowing gas outlet in the oxygen pump shell.
Further, spiral diffusers or circular tube diffusers are processed in the oxygen pump shell and the kerosene pump shell.
Further, the turbine is a two-stage impulse turbine; the two groups of floating ring seals are respectively an oxygen pump side graphite floating ring and a kerosene pump side graphite floating ring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the coaxial turbine pump structure of the liquid oxygen kerosene engine is characterized in that a kerosene pump is arranged in the middle, a turbine and an oxygen pump are arranged on two sides, and a double end face sealing and floating ring sealing structure is adopted between the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump; a leather cup sealing structure is adopted between the kerosene pump and the turbine, the leather cup is arranged in a pump shell of the kerosene pump in a sealing way, the leather cup sealing ensures that the pressure at the side close to the kerosene pump is higher than the pressure at the side of the turbine through design, a small amount of kerosene is allowed to leak to the turbine cavity, and the high-temperature gas in the turbine cavity is prevented from leaking to the pump cavity; the leather cup can be made of high-temperature resistant plastic. Because turbine, kerosene pump and oxygen pump are coaxial to be arranged, a turbine drives kerosene pump and oxygen pump simultaneously, compact structure has effectively reduced the spare part quantity of turbopump, weight and space overall dimension, has reduced turbopump production and processing and test cost, has improved turbopump reliability.
2. The oxygen pump and the kerosene pump are compact in structure and efficient in operation, and the sealing structures are arranged in the pump body, so that the operation safety of the pump body is ensured.
3. The oxygen pump is provided with a return pipe, and a part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of an impeller outlet of a centrifugal wheel of the oxygen pump flows out of a gap between a rear sealing flange of the centrifugal wheel of the oxygen pump and a rear sealing ring of the centrifugal wheel of the oxygen pump due to the left and right pressure difference, flows through an oxygen pump bearing to cool an oxygen pump bearing and the side end face seal of the oxygen pump, and flows to the front of an inducer in an inlet pipe 4 of the oxygen pump through the return pipe 2 to realize cooling and return.
4. A gap is reserved between the front part of the oxygen pump flow guide sleeve and the oxygen pump inlet pipe to form an acoustic cavity structure, so that cavitation of the oxygen pump can be effectively inhibited.
5. The oxygen pump inducer and the turbine rotor are fixed through the shaft end screw, and the magnetic element in the shaft end screw is used for measuring the rotating speed of the turbine.
6. The oxygen pump shell is provided with a blowing gas inlet and a blowing gas outlet, and a blowing gas channel is formed, so that inert gas can be used for blowing, the normal starting of the turbopump is ensured not to be influenced by the icing of the kerosene pump and the turbine when the oxygen pump is precooled, high-pressure inert gas blowing heating is carried out between the kerosene pump cavity of the oxygen pump when the oxygen pump is precooled, the low temperature is prevented from being rapidly transmitted to the kerosene pump and the turbine through the shaft and the shell, the lowest temperature of the kerosene pump shell is ensured to be not less than-40 ℃, and the turbopump works safely and reliably.
7. Leakage holes are formed between the end face seal and the floating ring seal to remove leaked propellant, and leakage holes are also formed between the floating ring seal and the floating ring seal to remove the leaked propellant and prevent oxygen from being in contact with kerosene for combustion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic mounting diagram of a turbine pump structure of a coaxial liquid oxygen kerosene engine according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the oxygen pump bearing cooling circuit of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the main bearing cooling circuit of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the seal blow-off between two pumps in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic cavity structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-turbine rotor, 2-reflux pipe, 3-shaft end screw, 4-oxygen pump inlet pipe, 5-oxygen pump inducer, 6-oxygen pump guide sleeve, 7-kerosene pump inducer, 8-oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring, 9-oxygen pump centrifugal wheel, 10-oxygen pump shell, 11-oxygen pump centrifugal wheel rear sealing ring, 12-bearing seat, 13-oxygen pump side end face seal, 14-oxygen pump side graphite floating ring, 15-leather cup seal, 16-turbine cover, 17-exhaust pipe, 18-secondary stator, 19-limit nut, 20-main bearing, 21-bush, 22-kerosene pump shell, 2201-front part of kerosene pump shell, 2202-rear part of kerosene pump shell, 23-kerosene pump guide sleeve, 24-front sealing ring of kerosene pump centrifugal wheel, 25-oxygen pump bearing, 26-kerosene pump centrifugal wheel, 27-kerosene pump centrifugal wheel rear sealing ring, 28-kerosene pump side end face seal, 29-kerosene pump side graphite floating ring, 30-sleeve, 31-first backflow hole, 32-second backflow hole, 33-through hole, 34-backflow inlet, 35-backflow outlet, 36-sound cavity structure, 37-blowing gas inlet and 38-blowing gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.
As shown in figures 1 to 5, the invention provides a coaxial turbine pump structure of a liquid oxygen kerosene engine, wherein a kerosene pump is arranged in the middle, a turbine and an oxygen pump are arranged on two sides, one turbine drives the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump at the same time, the structure is compact, the number of parts is small, and the coaxial turbine pump structure mainly comprises the oxygen pump, the kerosene pump, the turbine, a seal between the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump and a seal between the turbine and the kerosene pump.
The oxygen pump comprises an oxygen pump inlet pipe 4, an oxygen pump inducer 5, an oxygen pump guide sleeve 6, an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring 8, an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel 9, an oxygen pump shell 10, an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel rear sealing ring 11, a return pipe 2, a shaft end screw 3, a bearing seat 12 and an oxygen pump bearing 31. A spiral diffuser or a circular tube diffuser is processed in the oxygen pump shell 10, a bearing seat 12 is fixed on the oxygen pump shell 10, an oxygen pump bearing 31 passes through a turbine rotor 1 and is installed in the bearing seat 12, one side of the inner ring of the oxygen pump bearing 12 is attached to a moving ring of an oxygen pump side end face seal 13, one side of the inner ring is attached to an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel 9, and the oxygen pump bearing 12 is axially provided with no limiting device and can axially move; the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel 9 is connected with the turbine rotor 1 through a spline, the oxygen pump inducer 5 is connected with the turbine rotor 1 through flat keys to transmit torque, and the number of the flat keys can be 1 or 2; the oxygen pump inducer 5 and the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel 9 are axially compressed through a shaft end screw 3, the shaft end screw 3 is in threaded connection with the turbine rotor 1, and a magnetic element can be arranged in the shaft end screw 3 for measuring the rotating speed of the turbine; the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel rear sealing ring 11 is fixed in the oxygen pump shell 10 through a screw, forms a labyrinth seal with the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel 9 rear sealing flange to prevent high-pressure liquid at the outlet of the centrifugal wheel from leaking to a low-pressure area, and the specific sealing form is not limited. As shown in fig. 5, the oxygen pump flow guide sleeve 6 is installed in the oxygen pump inlet pipe 4, the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the oxygen pump flow guide sleeve 6 are columnar structures with sequentially increased outer diameters, a gap is left between the front part of the oxygen pump flow guide sleeve 6 and the oxygen pump inlet pipe 4, and the oxygen pump flow guide sleeve 6 and the oxygen pump inlet pipe 4 form an acoustic cavity structure 36 to inhibit the generation of inducer cavitation during the operation of the oxygen pump. The oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring 8 axially compresses the oxygen pump guide sleeve 6, the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring 8 is installed in the oxygen pump inlet pipe 4 through a screw, and forms a labyrinth seal with the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel 9 front sealing flange to prevent high-pressure liquid at the outlet of the centrifugal wheel from leaking to the inlet of the centrifugal wheel; the oxygen pump inlet pipe 4 is connected with the oxygen pump shell 10 through bolts and nuts, and an elastic washer is adopted for preventing looseness.
The kerosene pump comprises a kerosene pump shell 22, a kerosene pump guide sleeve 23, a front sealing ring 24 of a centrifugal wheel of the kerosene pump, an inducer 7 of the kerosene pump, a centrifugal wheel 26 of the kerosene pump, a rear sealing ring 27 of the centrifugal wheel of the kerosene pump, a bushing 21 and a main bearing 20. A spiral diffuser or a circular tube diffuser is processed in a kerosene pump shell 22, one side of the inner ring of a main bearing 20 is fixed with the upper step of a shaft of a turbine rotor 1, the other side of the inner ring of the main bearing 20 is pressed tightly through a bushing 21, one side of the outer ring of the main bearing 20 is arranged in the kerosene pump shell 22, and the other side of the outer ring of the main bearing 20 is limited through a compression; the induction wheel 7 of the kerosene pump is connected with the turbine rotor 1 through flat keys to transmit torque, and the number of the flat keys can be 1 or 2; the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel 26 is connected with the turbine rotor 1 through a spline, the centrifugal wheel is fixed with the turbine rotor 1 through a compression nut, the kerosene pump guide sleeve 23 is compressed and fixed in the kerosene pump shell 22 through the front sealing ring 24 of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel, the front sealing ring 24 of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel is fixed in the kerosene pump shell 22, and the rear sealing ring 27 of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel is fixed in the oxygen pump shell 10.
The turbine includes a turbine rotor 1, a turbine cover 16, an exhaust pipe 17, and a secondary stator 18. The turbine rotor 1 is an impact turbine and consists of a first-stage rotor, a second-stage rotor and a shaft, wherein the first-stage rotor and the second-stage rotor are machined from high-temperature alloy forgings, the height of a rotor blade is given by calculation, the blade can be integrally machined, a circle of guard band can be welded on an outer ring, and a circle of guard band can be integrally machined to increase the rigidity of the rotor blade and reduce leakage loss; the first-stage rotor and the second-stage rotor are connected through a circle of screws or rivets, the number of the screws is generally even, the strength design criterion is met, the connected first-stage rotor and second-stage rotor are connected with the shaft through a circle of screws or rivets, the number of the screws is generally even, and the strength design criterion is met; the turbine cover 16 mainly comprises a gas collecting ring and a Laval nozzle which is uniformly distributed or asymmetrically distributed on the circumference, and the secondary stator 18 is fixed on the turbine cover 16 through screws; the exhaust pipe 17 is welded and fixed to the turbine cover 16.
The seal between the two pumps comprises an oxygen pump side end face seal 13, an oxygen pump side graphite floating ring 14, a kerosene pump side end face seal 28 and a kerosene pump side graphite floating ring 29. The side end face seal 13 of the oxygen pump can be a diaphragm capsule type end face seal or a spring type end face seal, a moving ring is connected with the turbine rotor 1 through a flat key or is not pressed by an inner ring of the oxygen pump bearing 25 through the flat key, the moving ring can adopt an integrated structure of a liquid seal wheel and the moving ring, the specific pressure of the seal is reduced through the liquid seal wheel, and the working reliability of the seal is enhanced; the graphite floating ring arranged in the sealing shell is contacted with the movable ring, so that a certain sealing specific pressure is ensured, and the function of sealing an oxygen medium is achieved; the graphite floating ring 14 on the side of the oxygen pump is arranged in the oxygen pump shell through a fixing device, and the radial clearance between the inner ring of the graphite floating ring and the shaft of the turbine rotor 1 is controlled within the range of 0.05-0.3 mm, so that the graphite floating ring can be sealed and cannot be ablated; the kerosene pump side end face seal 28 can be a diaphragm capsule type end face seal or a spring type end face seal, the moving ring is connected with the turbine rotor 1 through a flat key or is not pressed by an inner ring of an oxygen pump bearing through the flat key, the moving ring can adopt an integrated structure of a liquid seal wheel and a moving ring, the sealing specific pressure is reduced through the liquid seal wheel, and the sealing working reliability is enhanced; the graphite floating ring arranged in the sealing shell is contacted with the movable ring, so that a certain sealing specific pressure is ensured, and the function of sealing an oxygen medium is achieved; the graphite floating ring 29 at the side of the oxygen pump is arranged in the oxygen pump shell through a fixing device, the radial clearance between the inner ring of the floating ring and the turbine rotor shaft is controlled within the range of 0.05-0.3 mm, and the floating ring is ensured to play a role of sealing and not to be ablated; the kerosene pump side end face seal 28 may be identical in structure to the oxygen pump side end face seal 13 in view of manufacturing and processing.
And a leather cup is adopted for sealing between the kerosene pump and the turbine. The limiting nut 19 compresses the main bearing 20, the leather cup 15 is made of high-temperature-resistant materials, the main lip is installed close to the turbine side, the shaft of the turbine rotor 1 forms interference fit, the radial interference magnitude is 0.05-0.4 mm, and the rotor is guaranteed to be sealed when rotating. When the turbine pump is designed, the pressure of the leather cup seal close to the kerosene pump is higher than the pressure of the turbine gas side by 0.02-0.15 MPa, so that a small amount of kerosene leaks to the turbine cavity even if the seal is worn and leaked, the kerosene participates in rich combustion of turbine gas, the temperature of a turbine rotor cannot be increased, high-temperature gas cannot be reversely mixed in the kerosene pump to cause explosion, and the reliability is high.
The starting mode of turbo pump can adopt and start for the gunpowder starter, high-speed gunpowder gas promotes turbine rotor 1 and rotates, thereby it gets into oxygen pump centrifugal wheel 9 to drive oxygen pump inducer 5 and rotate after tentatively pressurizing to liquid oxygen medium, oxygen pump centrifugal wheel is synchronous rotation under turbine rotor 1's drive, continue to carry out the pressure boost to the liquid oxygen medium that gets into the centrifugal wheel entry, liquid oxygen medium from the play of centrifugation export enters into volute and the diffuser in the oxygen pump casing, speed reduction pressure continues the increase, then flow out from the pump export and get into in the pipeline of low reaches.
As shown in fig. 2, a part of the high pressure liquid flowing out from the outlet of the impeller of the centrifugal impeller 9 of the oxygen pump flows out from the gap between the rear sealing flange of the centrifugal impeller 9 and the rear sealing ring 11 of the centrifugal impeller due to the pressure difference, flows through the bearing 25 of the oxygen pump to cool the bearing and the end face seal 13 on the side of the oxygen pump, and then flows to the front of the inducer in the inlet pipe 4 of the oxygen pump through the return pipe 2.
Because the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid oxygen is high, the oxygen pump is arranged at the shaft end, the flow resistance loss of the axial inlet is minimum, the cavitation resistance of the oxidant pump is high, and the total inlet pressure is met; the oxygen pump guide sleeve 6 is required to be arranged in the oxygen pump inlet pipe 4 to form an acoustic cavity, so that the formation of the cavitation gaseous oxygen of the front excircle of the oxygen pump inducer inlet is damaged, and the cavitation resistance of the oxygen pump is improved.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of backflow inlets 34 are axially disposed at positions corresponding to the sealing flanges at the outlet side of the turbine rotor 1 and the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel 26, a plurality of backflow outlets 35 are axially disposed at positions corresponding to the positions between the rear side of the main bearing 20 and the rear portion 2202 of the kerosene pump housing of the turbine rotor 1, the limit nut 19 is fixed in the front portion 2201 of the kerosene pump housing, the limit nut 19 is disposed with a through hole 33, the through hole 33 is communicated with the inlet channel of the kerosene pump through the first backflow hole 31, and the rear side of the main bearing 20 is communicated with the inlet channel of the kerosene pump through the second backflow hole 32.
The kerosene pump oxygen-driven pump inducer 7 preliminarily pressurizes kerosene media under the drive of the turbine rotor, then enters the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel 26, continues to pressurize under the centrifugal rotation, the media coming out from the centrifugal outlet enters a volute and a diffuser in the kerosene casing, the speed reduction pressure continues to increase, and then the media flows out from the outlet of the pump and enters a downstream pipeline. Part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of an impeller outlet of a centrifugal wheel 26 of the kerosene pump flows out of a gap between a rear sealing convex edge of the centrifugal wheel 26 and a rear sealing ring 21 of the centrifugal wheel due to the left and right pressure difference, flows into the turbine rotor 1 through a backflow inlet 34 corresponding to the rotor, flows out of a backflow outlet 35 corresponding to a backflow through hole in a bushing 21 and is divided into two paths, one path of the high-pressure liquid flows through a main bearing 20 to cool and lubricate a bearing, and flows through a first backflow hole 31 in a corresponding kerosene pump shell through a through hole 33 in a limit nut 19 and flows into a pump inlet; one path directly flows into the inlet fluid to be pressurized before the inlet fluid passes through a corresponding second return hole 32 on the kerosene pump shell and flows into the inducer 7 of the kerosene pump, so that the cavitation performance of the kerosene pump is improved.
As shown in fig. 4, before starting, the oxygen path starts to be filled and precooled, a strand of 0.2-3 MPa inert gas is introduced into the blowing gas inlet 37 to blow off, and the inert gas is blown out from the blowing gas outlet 38, so that the kerosene pump and the turbine are prevented from being frozen to influence the normal starting of the turbopump during precooling of the oxygen pump, high-pressure inert gas is blown and heated between the kerosene pump chambers of the oxygen pump during precooling of the oxygen pump, the low temperature is prevented from being rapidly transferred to the kerosene pump and the turbine through the shaft and the shell, the lowest temperature of the kerosene pump shell is ensured to be not less than-40 ℃, and.
The kerosene pump is started after 2-5 minutes of discharge before the start of the turbopump, so that the pumping procedure of the kerosene pump is reduced, and the starting procedure of the turbopump is simple.
In the working process of the turbopump, a strand of 0.2-3 MPa inert gas can be continuously introduced into the gas blowing inlet to blow off, the pressure and the flow of the blowing gas are determined by the designed leakage amount of the floating ring, the propellant with sealing leakage is blown off to the outside from the gas blowing outlet, and the leaked oxygen and kerosene medium are prevented from being contacted and combusted in the pump cavity to cause explosion. A large number of tests prove that the seal can not be blown off after the turbopump is started after no leakage or little leakage exists.
The kerosene pump is replaced by a methane pump, the scheme of the invention can still be used, and only the size and the shell of the methane pump need to be designed according to requirements, or part of the internal structure needs to be adjusted according to conventional requirements.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a coaxial-type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure which characterized in that: comprises an oxygen pump, a kerosene pump and a turbine which are coaxially arranged;
the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump are sleeved on a turbine rotor (1) of the turbine, and the kerosene pump is positioned between the oxygen pump and the turbine;
the turbine is connected with the kerosene pump in a sealing way through a leather cup (15), and the leather cup (15) is installed in a kerosene pump shell (22) of the kerosene pump in a sealing way; the oxygen pump and the kerosene pump are connected through two groups of end face seals and floating rings in a sealing manner, the end face seals and the floating rings are arranged in an oxygen pump shell (10) of the oxygen pump in a sealing manner, and the two groups of end face seals are respectively positioned on the outer sides of the two groups of floating ring seals;
the oxygen pump comprises an oxygen pump inlet pipe (4), an oxygen pump inducer (5) and an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel (9); the oxygen pump inducer (5) and the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel (9) are sleeved on the turbine rotor (1), the oxygen pump inducer (5) and the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel (9) are fixedly connected, and an oxygen pump guide sleeve (6) is sleeved outside the oxygen pump inducer (5); an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring (8) is arranged between the outer side of a sealing convex edge at the inlet side of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel (9) and the oxygen pump shell (10), the rear end face of an oxygen pump guide sleeve (6) is attached to the front end face of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel front sealing ring (8), and an oxygen pump centrifugal wheel rear sealing ring (11) is arranged between the outer side of the sealing convex edge at the outlet side of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel (9) and the oxygen pump shell (10); an oxygen pump bearing (25) is sleeved at the rear end of the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel (9) on the turbine rotor (1), one side of the inner ring of the oxygen pump bearing (25) is attached to a moving ring of an oxygen pump side end face seal (13), the other side of the inner ring of the oxygen pump bearing (25) is attached to the oxygen pump centrifugal wheel (9), and the outer ring of the oxygen pump bearing (25) is fixed on an oxygen pump shell (10) through a bearing seat (12); the oxygen pump inlet pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the front end of the oxygen pump shell (10);
the oxygen pump further comprises a return pipe (2); one end of the return pipe (2) is communicated with an inlet of the oxygen pump inlet pipe (4), and the other end of the return pipe is connected to a joint of an inner ring of the oxygen pump bearing (25) and the oxygen pump side end face seal (13).
2. The coaxial type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure of claim 1, wherein: the two groups of end face seals are respectively an oxygen pump side end face seal (13) and a kerosene pump side end face seal (28).
3. The coaxial type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the oxygen pump guide sleeve (6) are columnar structures with sequentially increased outer diameters, and gaps are reserved between the front part of the oxygen pump guide sleeve (6) and the oxygen pump inlet pipe (4).
4. The coaxial type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure of claim 3, wherein: the oxygen pump inducer (5) is sleeved at the tail end of the turbine rotor (1), and the oxygen pump inducer (5) is fixedly connected with the turbine rotor (1) through a shaft end screw (3); the shaft end screw (3) extends into the tail end of the turbine rotor (1) from the front end of the oxygen pump inducer (5) and is in threaded connection with the turbine rotor (1); and a magnetic element is arranged in the shaft end screw (3).
5. The coaxial type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure of claim 2, wherein: the kerosene pump comprises a kerosene pump inducer (7) and a kerosene pump centrifugal wheel (26);
the kerosene pump shell (22) comprises a kerosene pump shell front part (2201) and a volute-shaped kerosene pump shell rear part (2202), a kerosene pump inlet channel is formed in the kerosene pump shell rear part (2202), and a leather cup (15) is installed between the kerosene pump shell front part (2201) and a turbine;
the kerosene pump inducer (7) and the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel (26) are both sleeved on the turbine rotor (1), the kerosene pump inducer (7) and the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel (26) are fixedly connected, and a kerosene pump guide sleeve (23) is sleeved outside the kerosene pump inducer (7);
a front seal ring (24) of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel is arranged between the outer side of the sealing convex edge at the inlet side of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel (26) and the rear part (2202) of the kerosene pump shell, the rear end face of a guide sleeve (23) of the kerosene pump is attached to the front end face of the front seal ring (24) of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel, and a rear seal ring (27) of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel is arranged between the outer side of the sealing convex edge at the outlet side of the kerosene pump centrifugal wheel (26) and the rear part (2202) of the kerosene pump shell; the end face seal (28) at the side of the kerosene pump is attached to the rear end of the centrifugal wheel (26) of the kerosene pump;
the turbine rotor (1) is positioned between the front end of the kerosene pump inducer (7) and the rear part (2202) of the kerosene pump shell and is sleeved with a bushing (21), a main bearing (20) is sleeved between the front part (2201) of the kerosene pump shell and the turbine rotor (1), one side of an inner ring of the main bearing (20) is attached to a step arranged on the turbine rotor (1), the other side of the inner ring of the main bearing (20) is attached to the end face of the bushing (21), the main bearing (20) is pressed tightly through the bushing (21), one side of an outer ring of the main bearing (20) is attached to the step in the front part (2201) of the kerosene pump shell, and the; the limit nut (19) is fixed in the front part (2201) of the kerosene pump shell, the limit nut (19) is provided with a through hole (33), the through hole (33) is communicated with the inlet channel of the kerosene pump through a first backflow hole (31), and the rear side of the main bearing (20) is communicated with the inlet channel of the kerosene pump through a second backflow hole (32);
the outlet side of turbine rotor (1) and kerosene pump centrifugal wheel (26) seals the chimb and corresponds the position and has seted up a plurality of backward flow entry (34) along circumference, a plurality of backward flow export (35) have been seted up along circumference in turbine rotor (1) corresponding position between main bearing (20) rear side and kerosene pump casing rear portion (2202), the backward flow through-hole has been seted up with backward flow export (35) corresponding position in bush (21).
6. The coaxial type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure of claim 5, wherein: the oxygen pump shell (10) is positioned at the floating ring seal position and is symmetrically provided with a blowing and degassing inlet (37) and a blowing and degassing outlet (38) along the axial direction, and a blowing and degassing channel is formed between the blowing and degassing inlet (37) and the blowing and degassing outlet (38) in the oxygen pump shell (10).
7. The coaxial type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure of claim 1, 2 or 6, wherein: spiral diffusers or circular tube diffusers are processed in the oxygen pump shell (10) and the kerosene pump shell (22).
8. The coaxial type liquid oxygen kerosene engine turbopump structure of claim 1, wherein: the turbine is a two-stage impact turbine; the two groups of floating ring seals are an oxygen pump side graphite floating ring (14) and a kerosene pump side graphite floating ring (29) respectively; leakage holes are formed between the end face seal and the floating ring seal, and leakage holes are also formed between the two groups of floating ring seals.
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| CN112177800B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-11-16 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Cooling structure for spiral wheel pair bearing of liquid rocket engine pump |
| CN112431788B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-04-22 | 北京航天动力研究所 | High-speed low-leakage liquid seal wheel floating ring combined sealing device |
| CN113090575B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-07-19 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Double-floating-ring sealing blowing isolation device and turbopump |
| CN113339282B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-07-05 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Non-contact precompression pump rotational speed measurement system |
| CN113550933B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-21 | 西安空天引擎科技有限公司 | Turbine pump |
| CN113790160A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-14 | 西安空天引擎科技有限公司 | Turbine pump |
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