CN111136308B - Mirror surface processing technology of boss-shaped workpiece - Google Patents
Mirror surface processing technology of boss-shaped workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN111136308B CN111136308B CN202010010872.1A CN202010010872A CN111136308B CN 111136308 B CN111136308 B CN 111136308B CN 202010010872 A CN202010010872 A CN 202010010872A CN 111136308 B CN111136308 B CN 111136308B
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- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a mirror surface processing technology of a boss-shaped workpiece, belonging to the field of machining; includes the following steps S1: roughly milling a convex table on a first surface of a workpiece; s2: clamping the fixture on the convex table, roughly milling the second surface of the workpiece by using a cutter, and then finely milling the second surface of the workpiece; s3: the fixture is clamped on the side wall of the workpiece, and the convex table is finely milled by the cutter; wherein the sidewall is a junction between the first surface and the second surface; compared with the prior art, the invention firstly processes the lug boss for clamping and then adjusts the processing sequence, thereby omitting the process of manufacturing the bakelite matched with the shape of the lug boss, reducing the cost and accelerating the processing progress; meanwhile, the machining precision is ensured; the mirror finish of the workpiece can reach Ra =0.4 um.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a mirror surface machining process for a boss-shaped workpiece.
Background
Mirror finishing is the highest boundary of metal cutting and is the most effective means for prolonging the service life of mechanical parts; mirror surface-is the traditional name of very good roughness obtained after mechanical cutting processing, and can clearly invert the metal surface of the image of the object; however, no matter what metal processing method is used for processing, fine uneven tool marks are always left on the surface of the part, the phenomenon of staggered and fluctuant peaks and valleys occurs, the surface after rough processing can be seen by naked eyes, and the surface after finish processing can be still observed by a magnifying glass or a microscope; this is the surface roughness after the part is machined, also known as surface finish; the mirror finishing is generally called mirror finishing when the surface roughness of the workpiece is less than 0.8 um.
Workpieces needing double-sided machining are quite common in actual production; in general, when in machining, a workpiece is directly clamped by a vice, and a cutter performs rough machining and then fine machining on each position of the workpiece; for parts processed on two sides, if the convex table is directly clamped by the vice according to the traditional processing mode, the side wall of the convex table can be in contact with the vice, and the side wall of the convex table is easy to damage in the processing process; the bakelite clamping mode can be utilized, but when the bakelite clamping mode is adopted, the bakelite matched with the shape of the workpiece convex table and the bottom of the workpiece convex table needs to be manufactured by opening the die, so that the cost is wasted, and the processing progress is delayed; there is therefore a need for a process that increases the surface finish of a double-sided machined part.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the technology, the invention provides the mirror surface processing technology of the boss-shaped workpiece, the boss for clamping is processed firstly, and then the processing sequence is adjusted, so that the process of manufacturing bakelite matched with the shape of the boss can be omitted, the precision of the processed surface can be ensured, and the bakelite cannot be scratched by a vice; the processing cost is reduced, and the processing progress is accelerated.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mirror finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece, comprising
S1: roughly milling a convex table on a first surface of a workpiece;
s2: clamping the fixture on the convex table, roughly milling the second surface of the workpiece by using a cutter, and then finely milling the second surface of the workpiece; wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface;
s3: the fixture is clamped on the side wall of the workpiece, and the convex table and the first surface are finely milled by the cutter; wherein the sidewall is a junction between the first surface and the second surface.
Wherein, still need mill the position of pressing from both sides on the lug boss after milling out the lug boss, press from both sides the position setting at the boss both sides.
In S1, when the convex table is roughly milled, margins are arranged on the top surface and the side surface of the milled convex table; the depth size of the clamping position is smaller than the allowance; wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 2500-3500 mm/min.
And when the second surface of the workpiece is finely milled or/and the convex table is finely milled, polishing is performed first and then finishing is performed.
When the light is in the middle or the fine light, firstly milling by using a large-diameter cutter and then milling by using a small-diameter cutter; and the diameter of the cutter is larger than that of the cutter in the fine polishing process in the middle polishing process.
Wherein the second surface is machined to an L-shaped step in S2.
In S2 and S3, the tool linearly mills the workpiece along the direction parallel to the machining surface during the finish milling.
In S3, when the first surface of the workpiece is finish-milled, the first surface is milled by using a single-bit tool, and then the first surface is milled by using a double-bit tool.
The double-cutter-head tool comprises a first milling cutter head in a first direction and a second milling cutter head which is perpendicular to the first direction; the first milling cutter head and the second milling cutter head work simultaneously.
After S3, clamping the clamp on the side wall of the workpiece, and milling the unclamped side wall; and when the side wall which is not clamped is milled, firstly performing rough milling and then performing fine milling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the prior art, the invention firstly processes the lug boss for clamping and then adjusts the processing sequence, thereby omitting the process of manufacturing the bakelite matched with the shape of the lug boss, reducing the cost and accelerating the processing progress; meanwhile, the machining precision is ensured; the mirror finish of the workpiece can reach Ra =0.4 um.
2. Due to the large size of the cutting insert itself, when the first milling cutter head machines the side wall of the convex table, the second milling cutter head machines the second surface at the same time; therefore, when the second surface of the workpiece is finely milled, allowance is reserved on the second surface; when the first milling cutter head machines the lug side wall, exactly the second milling cutter head machines the margin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing of a workpiece blank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the present invention after rough milling;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the present invention after machining a second surface;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the present invention after machining a first surface;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a finished workpiece according to the present invention.
The main element symbols are as follows:
1. a blank; 10. a convex table; 11. a first surface; 101. clamping; 12. a second surface; 13. a side wall; 102. a convex land sidewall 102.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly describe the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As described in the background art, when a workpiece requiring double-sided processing is mirror-finished in the prior art, the workpiece inevitably needs to be clamped on a processing surface, which affects the smoothness of the processing surface; based on this, the present invention provides a mirror processing technique for a boss-shaped workpiece, please refer to fig. 1, which includes the following steps
S1: roughly milling a convex table 10 on a first surface 11 of a workpiece;
s2: the fixture is clamped on the convex table 10, and the cutter firstly roughly mills the second surface 12 of the workpiece and then finely mills the second surface 12 of the workpiece;
s3: the fixture is clamped on the side wall 13 of the workpiece, and the convex table 10 is finely milled by the cutter; where the side wall 13 is the junction between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12.
In this embodiment, all the processing is completed on the numerical control machine; the processing blank 1 is a hexahedral block; washing the blank 1 with water before rough machining, and cleaning impurities on the surface of the blank 1, wherein the blank 1 is metal or metal alloy; during rough machining, fixing the blank 1 by using a vice, milling a convex table 10, and milling clamping positions 101 on the convex table 10, wherein the clamping positions 101 are arranged on two sides of the convex table 10; specifically, the clamping position 101 is formed by milling a certain depth along two opposite sides of the top of the convex table 10, so that a convex part is formed at the top of the convex table 10; in S1, when the convex table 10 is roughly milled, margins are provided on each surface of the tool; the rough machining aims at milling the whole outline of the workpiece, and the requirement on the dimensional precision is not high; wherein the margin means a residual value between an actual size and a target size of the workpiece.
In practical operation, the rotating speed of the milling cutter during rough milling is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 2500-3500 mm/min; the allowance of the top surface and the side surface of the milled boss is 0.1mm, the diameter of the first milling cutter head is 6mm, and the diameter of the second milling cutter head is 8 mm; since the dimensional requirements of the blank 1 are not high, the vise can be clamped directly to the side wall 13 of the workpiece.
In S2, after the clamping position 101 is obtained by rough milling, the workpiece is turned over so that the vise is clamped on the clamping position 101 and the second surface 12 becomes a processing surface; the boss for clamping is firstly roughly milled instead of the finish milling boss, so that when the second surface 12 is machined, the vice can be directly clamped on the boss, bakelite is omitted, the process of firstly manufacturing bakelite matched with the shape of the convex table 10 in the prior art is omitted, and the machining progress is accelerated.
In S2, when finish milling the second surface 12 of the workpiece, rough milling is performed first, and then finish polishing is performed after intermediate polishing; when the light is in the middle or the fine light, firstly, a large-diameter cutter is used for milling, and then, a small-diameter cutter is used for milling; specifically, the diameter of a cutter head is 10mm during rough milling, and the cutter head with the diameter of 8mm is used for milling during middle light, and then the cutter head with the diameter of 6mm is used for milling; when in polishing, firstly milling by using a tool bit with the diameter of 4mm, and then milling by using a tool bit with the diameter of 2 mm; the diameter of the tool bit is gradually reduced in the whole milling process, the diameter of the tool bit is gradually reduced, and the flatness of the second surface 12 is gradually increased along with the direct reduction of the tool bit; if only a large tool bit is used for machining, the smoothness of the second surface 12 is difficult to achieve, and if a small-diameter tool bit is directly used for milling, the machining efficiency is too slow; 4 kinds of tool bits with different diameters are used for milling in sequence from middle light to finish so as to quickly meet the workpiece with flatness requirement.
In the embodiment, the higher the rotating speed of the tool bit is, the more glossy the machined surface is, the maximum rotating speed which can be reached by the machine in actual operation is 15000rad/s, and the actual machining rotating speed is 12000 rad/s; the feeding speeds of the 8mm cutter head, the 6mm cutter head, the 4mm cutter head and the 2mm cutter head are respectively 400mm/min, 300mm/min, 200mm/min and 100 mm/min.
In the present embodiment, the second surface 12 is machined into an L-shaped step shape; as shown, the tool tip mills the work piece linearly along the second surface 12; wherein, in S2 and S3, the tool linearly mills the workpiece along the parallel direction of the processing surface during the finish milling; for example, the linear milling may be performed along the length direction of the L new step; the method can be used for unidirectional linear cutting or reciprocating linear milling, and preferably, each line is milled for at least 3 times; after 3 times of milling, lifting the tool bit along the Z-axis direction, moving the tool bit along the Y-axis direction, then pressing the tool bit down to the second surface 12 again, and continuing to make linear motion along the X-axis direction until the size of the second surface 12 is machined to a preset value; the whole milling process only needs to do linear or reciprocating linear motion, and the machining precision can be further improved.
After the second surface 12 is machined, the workpiece is turned over again, so that the vice clamps the side wall 13 of the workpiece which does not need to be machined, and the convex table 10 becomes a machined surface; a flexible object, such as bakelite, is arranged between the second surface 12 and the bottom of the processing table; however, there is no requirement for the shape of the bakelite, as long as the coverage area of the bakelite is large enough to ensure that the bakelite covers the entire second surface 12.
In S3, when the boss 10 is machined, the projection formed on the top of the boss 10 is completely cut off, and there is still a margin for positioning the cut boss 10; after the clamping position 101 is cut off, the top surface of the convex table 10 is continuously machined, and the cutter linearly mills the workpiece along the parallel direction of the machined surface during finish milling.
In actual operation, the top surface of the convex table 10 is subjected to light milling and then finish milling; during the middle light, firstly, a highlight cutter with the diameter of 8mm is used for milling, the rotating speed of a cutter head is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 400 mm/min; milling by using a highlight cutter with the diameter of 6mm, wherein the rotating speed of a cutter head is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 300 mm/min; when in finish, a highlight cutter with the diameter of 4mm is used for milling, the rotating speed of a cutter head is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 200 mm/min; then, the milling is carried out by using a highlight cutter with the diameter of 2mm, the rotating speed of the cutter head is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 100 mm/min.
Continuing with machining the top surface of the boss 10, milling the first surface 11 and the boss sidewall 102 in S3; when the first surface 11 and the side wall 102 of the convex table are milled, firstly milling by using a single-cutter-head tool, and then milling by using a double-cutter-head tool; the double-cutter-head tool comprises a first milling cutter head in a first direction and a second milling cutter head which is perpendicular to the first direction; the first milling cutter head and the second milling cutter head rotate simultaneously, the second cutter head simultaneously milling the side wall 13 of the convex table 10 when the first cutter head mills the first surface 11; and a double-cutter-head cutter is adopted, so that the machining efficiency is further improved.
In practical operation, firstly, a single-tool-bit tool is used for roughly milling the side wall 102 and the first surface 11 of the convex table, a flat-bottom tool with the diameter of 8mm is used for rough milling, the rotating speed of the tool is 12000rad/s, the feeding speed is 400mm/min, the side wall 102 of the convex table is firstly milled in the milling process, the first surface 11 is milled, the allowance of the allowance left on the first surface 11 is 0.06mm, and the allowance left on the side wall 102 of the convex table is 0.06 mm; if the rough milling process is directly finished in S1, the allowance of the side wall 13 needs to be larger than 1mm, so that the flaws generated during clamping of a vice in S2 can be removed conveniently during subsequent middle lighting and fine lighting, and the allowance of the corresponding first surface 11 is equal to the allowance of the side wall 13.
After rough milling, performing intermediate light on the first surface 11 and the side wall 13 of the convex table 10 by using a double-head cutter, wherein during intermediate light, both the first cutter head and the second cutter head adopt high-light cutters with the diameter of 8mm, the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 400 mm/min; then the first cutter head and the second cutter head are replaced by a high-light cutter with the diameter of 6mm, the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 300 mm/min; the balance is 0.015mm after the light is in the middle; performing finish polishing operation, wherein the first tool bit and the second tool bit are both high-precision tools with the diameter of 4mm during finish polishing, the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 200 mm/min; then the first cutter head and the second cutter head are replaced by highlight cutters with the diameter of 2mm, the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 100 mm/min; the finish of the first surface 11 and the mesa sidewalls 102 after the smoothing satisfies Ra =0.4 um.
After S3, the jig is clamped on the workpiece side wall 13, and the unclamped side wall 13 is milled; when the unclamped side wall 13 is milled, firstly performing rough milling and then performing finish milling; in practical operation, a flat-bottom cutter with the diameter of 8mm is adopted for rough milling in rough machining, the rotating speed of the cutter is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 400 mm/min; during fine processing, a high-gloss cutter with the diameter of 8mm is adopted, the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 400 mm/min; then, the cutter is replaced by a hi-lite cutter with the diameter of 6mm, the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 300 mm/min; then replacing a high-gloss cutter with the diameter of 4mm, wherein the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 200 mm/min; finally, a highlight cutter with the diameter of 2mm is replaced, the rotating speed is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 100 mm/min; the finish of the machined side wall 13 satisfies Ra =0.4 um.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. compared with the prior art, the invention firstly processes the lug boss for clamping and then adjusts the processing sequence, thereby omitting the process of manufacturing the bakelite which is matched with the shape of the lug boss 10, reducing the cost and accelerating the processing progress; meanwhile, the machining precision is ensured; the mirror finish of the workpiece can reach Ra =0.4 um.
2. Due to the large volume of the cutting insert itself, when the first milling cutter head machines the side wall 13 of the convex abutment 10, the second milling cutter head simultaneously machines the second surface 12; so that allowance is reserved in the second surface 12 when the second surface 12 of the workpiece is finish-milled; when a first milling cutter head machines the lug boss sidewall 102, exactly the second milling cutter head finishes machining the margin.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mirror finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece is characterized by comprising
S1: roughly milling a convex table on a first surface of a workpiece;
s2: clamping the fixture on the convex table, roughly milling the second surface of the workpiece by using a cutter, and then finely milling the second surface of the workpiece; wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface;
s3: the fixture is clamped on the side wall of the workpiece, and the convex table and the first surface are finely milled by the cutter; wherein the sidewall is a junction between the first surface and the second surface;
in S3, when the first surface of the workpiece is finish-milled, first milling the first surface with a single-bit tool, and then milling the first surface with a double-bit tool;
the double-cutter-head tool comprises a first milling cutter head in a first direction and a second milling cutter head which is perpendicular to the first direction; the first milling cutter head and the second milling cutter head work simultaneously;
when the second surface of the workpiece is finely milled, reserving allowance on the second surface; when the first milling cutter head machines the lug side wall, exactly the second milling cutter head machines the margin.
2. The mirror finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece according to claim 1, wherein in S1, after the convex table is milled, clamping positions are milled on the convex table, and the clamping positions are provided on both sides of the boss.
3. The mirror finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece according to claim 1, wherein in S1, when the boss is roughly milled, margins are provided for both the top surface and the side surface of the milled boss; the depth size of the clamping position is smaller than the allowance; wherein the rotating speed of the milling cutter is 12000rad/s, and the feeding speed is 2500-3500 mm/min.
4. A mirror-finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece according to claim 1, wherein finish polishing is performed after finish polishing while finish milling the second surface of the workpiece or/and while finish milling the boss.
5. A mirror-finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece according to claim 4, wherein in the middle light or finish light, the large-diameter tool is used for milling first and then the small-diameter tool is used for milling; and the diameter of the cutter is larger than that of the cutter in the fine polishing process in the middle polishing process.
6. The mirror finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece according to claim 4, wherein the second surface is finished in an L-shaped step shape in S2.
7. The mirror finishing process of a boss-shaped workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the tool linearly mills the workpiece along the parallel direction of the machined surface in the finish milling at S2 and S3.
8. The mirror finishing process for a boss-shaped workpiece according to claim 1, wherein after S3, the jig is clamped on the side wall of the workpiece, and the unclamped side wall is subjected to milling; and when the side wall which is not clamped is milled, firstly performing rough milling and then performing fine milling.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010010872.1A CN111136308B (en) | 2020-01-06 | 2020-01-06 | Mirror surface processing technology of boss-shaped workpiece |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010010872.1A CN111136308B (en) | 2020-01-06 | 2020-01-06 | Mirror surface processing technology of boss-shaped workpiece |
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| CN111136308A CN111136308A (en) | 2020-05-12 |
| CN111136308B true CN111136308B (en) | 2021-03-02 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1552437A1 (en) * | 1966-04-30 | 1970-07-23 | Scharmann & Co | Quick clamping device on machine tools, especially for tapered tools |
| US4450882A (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1984-05-29 | Hitchcock Lonnie G | Automatic shaper |
| JP3573499B2 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 2004-10-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Machining method of orbiting scroll |
| CN101327562B (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-12-15 | 宁波市鄞州欧菱电梯配件有限公司 | Method for processing metallic rope pulley |
| CN101579699A (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2009-11-18 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for processing profiled core prints |
| CN103009129A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-04-03 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Milling processing clamping method of numerical control parts |
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