CN111129587A - Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery thereof - Google Patents
Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111129587A CN111129587A CN201911325653.6A CN201911325653A CN111129587A CN 111129587 A CN111129587 A CN 111129587A CN 201911325653 A CN201911325653 A CN 201911325653A CN 111129587 A CN111129587 A CN 111129587A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, which comprises a lithium salt, an additive and an organic solvent, wherein the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery: 0.1 to 5 percent of sulfonic pyrazole compound and 0.1 to 11 percent of other additives. The invention also discloses a lithium ion battery. The sulfonic pyrazole compound is added into the lithium ion battery electrolyte, and a nitrogen atom in pyrazole has a pair of lone pair electrons and does not participate in conjugation, so that the sulfonic pyrazole compound has certain alkalinity and can be combined with H+Combining to reduce the acidity of the electrolyte; in addition, the pyrazole sulfonate compound can form an SEI film of lithium sulfonate salts, has good high-temperature tolerance and improves the high-temperature effect of the battery; meanwhile, the membrane has good permeability to lithium ions, can effectively reduce the increase of impedance caused by membrane formation, and improves the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery.
Background
In recent years, lithium ion batteries have attracted much attention because they have higher energy densities than other conventional ion batteries. With the rapid development of the application field, people put higher requirements on the energy density, rate capability, applicable temperature, cycle life and safety of the lithium ion battery
At present, the problems of low oxidation potential, poor wettability with anode materials and the like of the conventional carbonate-based high-voltage electrolyte exist, and the practical application of the high-voltage lithium ion battery is severely restricted. The lithium salt is a provider of lithium ions in the electrolyte and is an important component of the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, but LiPF is the most commonly used lithium salt6The thermal stability in a non-aqueous solvent is poor, and the stability of a battery system is seriously influenced. LiTFSI has high solubility and conductivity, but severely corrodes the Al current collector at voltages above 3.7V. The high energy density of the battery requires that the battery must have a higher voltage, and at the same time, the complex working environment also puts higher demands on the performance of the lithium ion battery at high and low temperatures. The traditional solution is to add high-temperature or low-temperature additives into the electrolyte aiming at different working environments, but the lithium ion battery used in the field of power batteries cannot work only in the high-temperature or low-temperature environment, the future lithium ion battery must have the capability of normally working at-20 ℃ to 60 ℃ and a wider temperature range, and if the high-temperature and low-temperature additives are added into the electrolyte at the same time, other reactions can occur to cause the reduction of the battery performance.
Therefore, the development of new high voltage electrolyte systems to provide a safe, stable environment is one of the keys to the development of lithium ion batteries.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN106099183A discloses an electrolyte containing pyridinium propanesulfonate, which is mainly prepared from the following components: electrolyte lithium salt, propane sulfonic acid pyridine salt, other additives and a non-aqueous organic solvent, wherein: the concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.5-2 mol/L; the mass percentage of the propane sulfonic pyridine salt in the electrolyte is 0.1-10%; the mass percentage of the other additives in the electrolyte is 0.5-10%. The electrolyte containing the propane sulfonic acid pyridinium provided by the invention has stable performance and does not generate substances harmful to human bodies. The electrolyte has larger influence on the cycle performance and the high-temperature performance of the battery, and compared with other common additives, the propane sulfonic acid pyridinium salt serving as the additive can improve the high-temperature storage performance of the battery. However, the molecular formula of the propane sulfonic acid pyridinium is large, and when the propane sulfonic acid pyridinium is used as an electrolyte additive, a formed SEI film has high impedance and is not beneficial to the low-temperature cycle performance of a lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, which can stably operate under conditions of high voltage and large temperature change of an operating environment, and a lithium ion battery using the same. The sulfonic pyrazole compound is added into the lithium ion battery electrolyte, and a nitrogen atom in pyrazole has a pair of lone pair electrons and does not participate in conjugation, so that the sulfonic pyrazole compound has certain alkalinity and can be combined with H+Combining to reduce the acidity of the electrolyte; in addition, the pyrazole sulfonate compound can form an SEI film of lithium sulfonate salts, has good high-temperature tolerance and improves the high-temperature effect of the battery; meanwhile, the membrane has good permeability to lithium ions, can effectively reduce the increase of impedance caused by membrane formation, and improves the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery comprises a lithium salt, an additive and an organic solvent, wherein the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery:
sulfonic pyrazole compound 0.1-5%
0.1 to 11 percent of other additives
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sulfonic acid pyrazole compound has a structural formula shown as follows:
wherein R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group, an aromatic group, a cyano group, or an alkoxy group.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pyrazole sulfonate compound is one or more of fluoro pyrazole sulfonate, methyl pyrazole sulfonate and nitrile pyrazole sulfonate. As shown below, the compound shown in the formula (1) is fluorosulfonic acid pyrazole; the compound shown in the formula (2) is pyrazole methanesulfonate; the compound shown in the formula (3) is nitrile sulfonic acid pyrazole.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lithium salt is selected from LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiBOB、LiODFB、LiAsF6、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2F)2One or more of (a).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion battery is 0.5 to 2 mol/L.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the other additives are fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), ethylene carbonate (VEC), Vinylene Carbonate (VC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO)2F2) One or more of tris (trimethylsilyl) borate (TMSB), Succinonitrile (SN), Adiponitrile (ADN). More preferably, the other additive is one or more of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone and adiponitrile.
The organic solvent in the invention can adopt chain carbonate, cyclic carbonate and carboxylic ester, wherein the chain carbonate is selected from one or more of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC); the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Vinylene Carbonate (VC) and Propylene Carbonate (PC); the carboxylic acid ester is selected from one or more of Ethyl Acetate (EA), Ethyl Propionate (EP), Methyl Acetate (MA), propyl acetate (PE), Methyl Propionate (MP), Methyl Butyrate (MB) and Ethyl Butyrate (EB). As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic solvent is one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl butyrate. The organic solvent is more preferably a mixture of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl propionate.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which contains the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery comprises the steps of filling the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery in a glove box containing inert gas and injecting the fully dried 4.45V LiCoO2The graphite soft package battery is prepared by the working procedures of laying aside at 45 ℃, forming by a high-temperature clamp, sealing for the second time and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery can effectively reduce the impedance of the battery and improve the working performance of the battery under the low-temperature condition; compared with the traditional lithium ion secondary battery without adding the pyrazole sulfonate compound, the pyrazole sulfonate compound is added into the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery containing the pyrazole sulfonate compound, and a nitrogen atom in pyrazole has a pair of lone-pair electrons and does not participate in conjugation, so that the pyrazole compound has certain alkalinity and can be combined with H+Combining to reduce the acidity of the electrolyte; in addition, the pyrazole sulfonate compound can form an SEI film of lithium sulfonate salts, has good high-temperature tolerance and improves the high-temperature effect of the battery; meanwhile, the membrane has good permeability to lithium ions, can effectively reduce the increase of impedance caused by membrane formation, and improves the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be understood that the following description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The structural formula of the pyrazole sulfonate compound in the examples is as follows:
wherein the compound shown in the formula (1) is fluoro-sulfonic pyrazole; the compound shown in the formula (2) is pyrazole methanesulfonate; the compound shown in the formula (3) is nitrile sulfonic acid pyrazole.
Example 1
The electrolyte containing the pyrazole sulfonate compound is prepared by the following method: in a glove box, Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Propionate (EP) were mixed in a mass ratio of 25: 10: 30: 35 to obtain a mixed solvent, adding lithium hexafluorophosphate into the mixed solvent for dissolving to prepare the LiPF-containing material6The solution of (1). Then, the mixture is added to a LiPF-containing solution6Adding propylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) and Adiponitrile (ADN) into the solution; and adding fluorosulfonic acid pyrazole into the solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the electrolyte containing fluorosulfonic acid pyrazole. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) The concentration of the electrolyte is 1.2M, the mass percent of propylene carbonate (VC) in the electrolyte is 0.5%, the mass percent of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in the electrolyte is 6.0%, the mass percent of 1, 3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) in the electrolyte is 2.5%, the mass percent of Adiponitrile (ADN) in the electrolyte is 2%, and the mass percent of fluorosulfonic pyrazole in the electrolyte is 0.5%. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
Examples 2 to 18
Examples 2 to 18 are also specific examples of the preparation of the electrolyte containing the pyrazole sulfonate compound, and the parameters and preparation method are the same as those of example 1 except for the parameters shown in table 1. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The lithium ion battery electrolyte is prepared by the following method: in a glove box, Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and ethyl propionate were added(EP) in a mass ratio of 25: 10: 30: 35 to obtain a mixed solvent, adding lithium hexafluorophosphate into the mixed solvent for dissolving to prepare the LiPF-containing material6The solution of (1). Then, the mixture is added to a LiPF-containing solution6Adding propylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) and Adiponitrile (ADN) into the solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the lithium ion battery electrolyte. The mass percent of the propylene carbonate (VC) in the electrolyte is 0.5%, the mass percent of the fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in the electrolyte is 6.0%, the mass percent of the 1, 3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) in the electrolyte is 2.5%, and the mass percent of the Adiponitrile (ADN) in the electrolyte is 2%. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the preparation is as in comparative example 1, the formulation is detailed in table 1, except that: comparative example 2 tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TMSP) was also added to the electrolyte at 1% by mass.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 the preparation is as in comparative example 1, the formulation is detailed in table 1, except that: comparative example 3 the electrolyte was further added with Methylene Methanedisulfonate (MMDS) in an amount of 1% by mass in the electrolyte.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 was prepared as in comparative example 1, with the formulation detailed in table 1, except that: comparative example 4 lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO) was also added to the electrolyte in an amount of 1% by mass2F2)。
TABLE 1 electrolyte formulations for the examples and comparative examples
Note: the concentration of lithium salt is the molar concentration in the electrolyte;
the contents of the additive I and the additive II are the mass percentage contents in the electrolyte;
the proportion of each component in the solvent is mass ratio.
Lithium ion battery performance testing
The electrolyte prepared in each example and comparative example was injected into fully dried 4.45V LiCoO2In the graphite soft package battery, after the working procedures of laying aside at 45 ℃, forming by a high-temperature clamp, sealing secondarily and the like, the lithium ion battery is obtained, and the battery performance test is carried out, and the result is shown in table 2. Wherein:
1. normal temperature cycle performance
Under the condition of normal temperature (25 ℃), the lithium ion battery is charged to 4.45V under the constant current and the constant voltage of 1C, and then is discharged to 3.0V under the constant current of 1C. After 500 cycles of charge and discharge, capacity retention rate after 500 cycles was calculated:
2. high temperature cycle performance
Under the condition of high temperature (45 ℃), the lithium ion battery is charged to 4.45V under the constant current and constant voltage of 1C, and then is discharged to 3.0V under the constant current of 1C. After 300 cycles of charge and discharge, the capacity retention rate after the 300 th cycle was calculated as:
3. high temperature storage Properties
The lithium ion battery was subjected to primary 1C/1C charging and discharging (discharge capacity is designated DC) at room temperature (25 ℃ C.)0) Then charging the battery to 4.45V under the condition of 1C constant current and constant voltage; the lithium ion battery is stored in a high-temperature box at 60 ℃ for 1 month, and after being taken out, 1C discharge (the discharge capacity is recorded as DC) is carried out at normal temperature1) (ii) a Then carrying out 1C/1C charging and discharging under the condition of normal temperatureElectricity (discharge capacity denoted DC)2) Calculating the capacity retention rate and the capacity recovery rate of the lithium ion battery by using the following formulas:
4. low temperature cycle performance
Under the condition of low temperature (10 ℃), the lithium ion battery is charged to 4.45V under the constant current and constant voltage of 1C, and then is discharged to 3.0V under the constant current of 1C. After 50 cycles of charge and discharge, the capacity retention rate after the 50 th cycle was calculated as:
the cell performance results for each of the above specific examples are shown in table 2:
table 2 results of performance test of lithium ion batteries of comparative examples and examples
From the data of the above tests, it can be seen that when the pyrazole sulfonate compound is used as an additive in an electrolyte, 4.45V LiCoO of the electrolyte is used2The high-low temperature performance and the cycle performance of the graphite soft package battery are obviously improved, and especially when the addition amount is 1%, the effect is more prominent. This is because the addition of the sulfonic acid pyrazole compound can form a dense SEI film on the surface of the electrode, which is oxidized in preference to the electrolyte, and this film is resistant to Li+Has good permeability, can effectively reduce impedance and improve the low-temperature cycle performance of the battery, and simultaneously an SEI film formed by the sulfonic acid pyrazole compounds hasThe electrolyte has good high-temperature tolerance, so that the contact decomposition of the electrolyte and the surface of the electrode under the high-temperature condition can be effectively inhibited, and the high-temperature effect of the battery is improved. Meanwhile, by comparing the examples with comparative examples 2, 3 and 4, it can be found that lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO)2F2) And tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TMSP) only improves the low-temperature performance of the battery, Methylene Methanedisulfonate (MMDS) only improves the high-temperature performance of the battery, and the sulfonic pyrazole compound improves the performance of the battery more comprehensively, and in addition, a nitrogen atom in pyrazole has a pair of lone-pair electrons and does not participate in conjugation, so that the pyrazole compound has certain alkalinity and can be combined with H to form a stable electrolyte+And the acidity of the electrolyte is reduced, so that the sulfonic acid pyrazole compound is more favorable for being used as an electrolyte additive in a lithium ion battery.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery comprises a lithium salt, an additive and an organic solvent, and is characterized in that the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery:
sulfonic pyrazole compound 0.1-5%
0.1 to 11 percent of other additives
2. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the sulfonic acid pyrazole compound has a structural formula shown in the following formula:
wherein R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group, an aromatic group, a cyano group, or an alkoxy group.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein the pyrazole sulfonate compound is one or more of pyrazole fluorosulfonate, pyrazole methanesulfonate, and pyrazole nitrilesulfonate.
4. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is selected from LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiBOB、LiODFB、LiAsF6、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2F)2One or more of (a).
5. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion battery is 0.5 to 2 mol/L.
6. The nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the other additive is one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, lithium difluorophosphate, tris (trimethylsilyl) borate, succinonitrile, and adiponitrile.
7. The nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery according to claim 6, wherein the other additive is one or more of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, and adiponitrile.
8. The nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is one or more selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl butyrate.
9. The nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery according to claim 8, wherein the organic solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl propionate.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111786021A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-16 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion battery |
| CN111816921A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-10-23 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Electrolyte additive, electrolyte and battery |
| CN114024031A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 湖南法恩莱特新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
| EP3985774A1 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-20 | Hyundai Motor Company | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
| JP7446665B2 (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2024-03-11 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries and lithium secondary batteries containing the same |
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