CN111127996B - Multifunctional wheel train comprehensive experiment device - Google Patents
Multifunctional wheel train comprehensive experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111127996B CN111127996B CN202010046768.8A CN202010046768A CN111127996B CN 111127996 B CN111127996 B CN 111127996B CN 202010046768 A CN202010046768 A CN 202010046768A CN 111127996 B CN111127996 B CN 111127996B
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device, which belongs to the technical field of education and teaching instruments and comprises a cabinet, an overlap platform, a part box, an overlap gear train and a measurement and control device, wherein the overlap platform comprises a fixed bottom plate arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet, a left input unit, a right input unit and a simulation loading unit which are arranged on the fixed bottom plate, and the part box comprises 2 shafts and 10 gears required by gear train design and assembly. The invention integrates the functions of gear train design, assembly, type conversion and transmission characteristic detection, can utilize 10 gears in a part box to design and assemble four basic gear trains on the premise that the basic structure is not changed, each basic gear train realizes the free conversion of the types of a planetary gear train, a differential gear train and a fixed-axis gear train by installing locking nails at different positions, can detect the transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency, has complete functions, compact structure and strong interactivity, and realizes multiple purposes on the same experiment platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of education and teaching instruments, and particularly discloses a multifunctional wheel train comprehensive experiment device.
Background
The gear train is a transmission system formed by a series of gears meshed with each other, is mainly used for realizing the functions of speed change, reversing, high-transmission-ratio transmission, shunt transmission and the like in engineering, and is widely applied to various mechanical transmission devices such as a speed reducer, a speed changer, a speed increaser, a speed stabilizer and the like. The gear trains are of many types, including ordinary gear trains, planetary gear trains, differential gear trains and hybrid gear trains, each of which is of a different type. The types of the wheel trains are different, and the composition structure, the movement characteristics and the transmission performance of the wheel trains are also different. In the mechanical principle teaching, the calculation of the transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency of a gear train is a key point, and because the composition structure and the motion characteristic of the gear train, particularly an epicyclic gear train are complex, the rotation speed relationship between members can be obtained only by using a reversal method and a relative motion principle, and the calculation of the transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency is difficult to understand. If can let the student design and hand various train in the experiment oneself, observe the motion characteristics of each component in the train through the operation, the detection of rethread train drive ratio and transmission efficiency verifies its transmission performance, must be favorable to thoroughly surveying the composition structure and the motion characteristic who understands various train to reach the purpose of mastering teaching material outline content.
However, due to the diversity of the wheel train types and the complexity of the structure, the assembly and the detection of various wheel trains on the same experiment platform are difficult. The experimental device integrating gear train design, assembly, type conversion and transmission characteristic detection in the market is very deficient, and a gear train comprehensive experiment table for teaching of mechanical principle courses of colleges and universities is blank. The existing gear train experiment table in the market has the advantages of single function, single gear train type, incapability of being disassembled and assembled, incapability of changing the gear train type, incapability of detecting the transmission efficiency of the gear train and capability of being only used for qualitative analysis and demonstration, so that the gear train experiment table is not beneficial to understanding of students on related contents of teaching materials and improving the comprehensive design capability and practical and manual capability of the students.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multifunctional wheel train comprehensive experiment device integrating wheel train design, assembly, type conversion and transmission characteristic detection functions, solves the problems that the existing wheel train experiment table is single in function and wheel train type, cannot be disassembled and assembled, cannot convert the type and cannot detect transmission efficiency, and realizes multiple purposes on one experiment platform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device which comprises a cabinet and a part box, wherein the cabinet is provided with a lap joint platform and a lap joint gear train; the part box comprises 2 shaft parts and 10 gear parts, the shaft parts comprise 2A-type planet wheel shafts and 2B-type planet wheel shafts, and the gear parts comprise 1A-type outer sun wheel, 1B-type outer sun wheel, 1C-type outer sun wheel, 1A-type inner sun wheel, 1B-type inner sun wheel, 2A-type planet wheels, 2B-type planet wheels, 2C-type planet wheels, 1A-type planet carrier wheel and 1B-type planet carrier wheel; the lapping platform comprises a left input unit, a right input unit and an analog loading unit which are arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet, and a lapping area is reserved between the left input unit and the right input unit; the left input unit comprises a left input shaft connected with one sun gear in the lapped gear train, a driving mechanism used for driving the left input shaft to rotate and a locking mechanism used for limiting the rotation of the left input shaft; the right input unit comprises a right input shaft connected with the other sun gear in the lapped gear train, a driving mechanism used for driving the right input shaft to rotate and a locking mechanism used for limiting the rotation of the right input shaft; the analog loading unit comprises a loading wheel, a loading shaft, a loading mechanism and a locking mechanism, wherein the loading wheel is meshed with a planet carrier wheel with the same tooth number in an overlap gear train, the loading shaft is connected with the loading wheel, the loading mechanism is used for applying impedance torque to the rotation of the loading shaft, and the locking mechanism is used for limiting the rotation of the loading shaft; the lapping wheel train comprises four basic wheel trains of a single-row wheel train, an I-type double-row wheel train, a II-type double-row wheel train and a III-type double-row wheel train, and the assembly of any one basic wheel train can be completed in the lapping area (A) by utilizing parts in the part box;
the single-row gear train comprises an A-type inner sun gear, a C-type outer sun gear, a C-type planet gear and a B-type planet carrier wheel, the A-type inner sun gear is connected with the left input shaft, the C-type outer sun gear is connected with the right input shaft, the B-type planet carrier wheel which is sleeved on the right input shaft in an empty way supports the C-type planet gear through a B-type planet gear shaft, and the C-type planet gear is respectively meshed with the A-type inner sun gear and the C-type outer sun gear;
the I type double-row gear train comprises a B type inner sun gear, an A type outer sun gear, a B type planet gear, an A type planet gear and an A type planet carrier wheel, the B type inner sun gear is connected with the left input shaft, the A type outer sun gear is connected with the right input shaft, the A type planet carrier wheel which is sleeved on the right input shaft is respectively supported with the B type planet gear and the A type planet gear through the A type planet gear shaft from left to right, the B type planet gear is meshed with the B type inner sun gear, and the A type planet gear is meshed with the A type outer sun gear;
the type II double-row gear train comprises a type B outer sun gear, a type A outer sun gear, a type B planet gear, a type A planet gear and a type A planet carrier wheel, the type B outer sun gear is connected with the left input shaft, the type A outer sun gear is connected with the right input shaft, the type A planet carrier wheel which is sleeved on the right input shaft in an empty way supports the type B planet gear and the type A planet gear respectively through the type A planet gear shaft from left to right, the type B planet gear is meshed with the type B outer sun gear, and the type A planet gear is meshed with the type A outer sun gear;
the III type double-row gear train comprises a B type inner sun gear, an A type inner sun gear, a B type planet gear, an A type planet gear and an A type planet carrier wheel, the B type inner sun gear is connected with a left input shaft, the A type inner sun gear is connected with a right input shaft, the A type planet carrier wheel which is sleeved on the right input shaft in an empty mode supports the B type planet gear and the A type planet gear respectively through the left side and the right side of the A type planet gear shaft, the B type planet gear is meshed with the B type inner sun gear, and the A type planet gear is meshed with the A type inner sun gear.
Specifically, the driving mechanism of the left input unit is a left speed regulating motor, and the left speed regulating motor drives the left input shaft to rotate through a fixed-axis gear train formed by meshing a pair of left lower gears and left upper gears with equal tooth numbers.
Specifically, the driving mechanism of the right input unit is that a right speed regulating motor drives a right input shaft to rotate through a fixed-axis gear train formed by meshing a pair of right lower gears and right upper gears with equal tooth numbers.
Specifically, the loading mechanism of the analog loading unit is a magnetic powder brake, and the magnetic powder brake loads the loading shaft by generating an impedance moment.
Specifically, the locking mechanisms of the left input unit, the right input unit and the analog loading unit are pin holes and locking nails for inserting the pin holes.
Specifically, the left input shaft is mounted on the upper surface of the cabinet through a bearing and a left bearing seat, and pin holes are formed in the left bearing seat and the left upper gear; the right input shaft is arranged on the upper surface of the machine cabinet through a bearing and a right bearing seat, and pin holes are formed in the right bearing seat and the right upper gear; the loading shaft is arranged on the upper surface of the machine cabinet through a bearing and a rear bearing seat, and pin holes are formed in the rear bearing seat and the loading wheel.
The machine cabinet is provided with a measurement and control device; the output shaft of the left speed regulating motor is connected with the input shaft of a left torque sensor through a left coupler, and the output shaft of the left torque sensor is connected with a left lower gear through a key; the output shaft of the right speed regulating motor is connected with the input shaft of the right torque sensor through a right coupler, and the output shaft of the right torque sensor is connected with the right lower gear through a key; an input shaft of the magnetic powder brake is connected with an output shaft of the rear torsion sensor through a rear coupler A, the input shaft of the rear torsion sensor is connected with the right end of the loading shaft through a rear coupler B, and the left end of the loading shaft is connected with the loading wheel; the measuring and controlling device comprises a torsion controller, a motor speed regulator and a dynamic torsion measuring and controlling instrument, wherein the torsion controller is connected with the magnetic powder brake through a signal wire, the motor speed regulator is respectively connected with the left speed regulating motor and the right speed regulating motor through signal wires, and the dynamic torsion measuring and controlling instrument is respectively connected with the left torsion sensor, the right torsion sensor and the rear torsion sensor through signal wires.
The left input unit, the right input unit and the analog loading unit are fixedly and slidably arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet.
Specifically, a fixed bottom plate is arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet; two long T-shaped grooves and two short T-shaped grooves are arranged on the fixed bottom plate in parallel; the left input unit also comprises a left bottom plate which is slidably arranged on the left sides of the two long T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws; the right input unit also comprises a right bottom plate which is arranged on the right side of the two long T-shaped grooves in a sliding way through T-shaped groove screws; the simulation loading unit further comprises a rear bottom plate, and the rear bottom plate is slidably mounted on the two short T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws.
The cabinet comprises a welding table body, wherein the bottom of the welding table body is provided with a supporting leg and a universal wheel, and the front side of the welding table body is provided with a control panel; the torque controller, the motor speed regulator and the dynamic torque measurement and control instrument are all arranged on the control panel.
The invention provides a multifunctional gear train comprehensive experimental device which integrates the functions of gear train design, assembly, type conversion and motion characteristic detection into a whole, and the specific use process is as follows:
firstly, according to design requirements, various gear parts provided in a part box list are utilized, gears are selected and matched according to the tooth number relation required to be met by each wheel in a gear train, the required gear train type is designed, and a mechanism diagram of the gear train is drawn, so that the design function of the gear train is realized. Then, on the lapping platform, under the condition that the basic structure is kept unchanged, according to the mechanism diagram of the designed wheel train, the corresponding wheel train type is assembled in the lapping area by utilizing the universal parts in the part box, thereby realizing the assembling function of the wheel train. On the basis, the basic gear train can realize free conversion of the types of a planetary gear train, a differential gear train and an ordinary gear train by installing locking nails at different positions: when the locking nail is not installed, the two speed regulating motors respectively drive the two sun wheels to input motion, and the planet carrier wheel outputs motion, namely a differential gear train at the moment; when the locking nail is arranged at one of the left input end and the right input end, one sun gear is fixed, the speed regulating motor drives the other sun gear to input motion, the planet carrier wheel outputs motion, and the planet gear train is adopted at the moment; only when the output end is provided with the locking nail, the planet carrier wheel is fixed, the planet wheel rotates around the dead axle, the speed regulating motor drives one sun wheel to input motion, the other sun wheel to output motion, and at the moment, the dead axle gear train is adopted, so that the type conversion function of the gear train is realized. And finally, starting the motor, observing the motion characteristics of each component in the wheel train through operation, and controlling and measuring the rotating speed and the torque of the input end and the output end of the wheel train in real time by using the measuring and controlling device to obtain the actual transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency of the wheel train, thereby realizing the transmission characteristic detection function of the wheel train.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a multifunctional wheel train comprehensive experimental device, which integrates the functions of wheel train design, assembly, type conversion and transmission characteristic detection, on the same platform, under the premise that the basic structure is not changed, 10 gears in a part box can be utilized to design and assemble four basic epicyclic wheel trains, each basic wheel train can realize the free conversion of a planetary wheel train, a differential wheel train and a fixed-axis wheel train by installing locking nails at different positions, thereby converting 12 wheel train types, and the wheel train transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency can be measured and calculated by the operation of the wheel trains, thereby having complete functions and compact structure, realizing one machine with multiple purposes on one experimental platform, having good part universality, realizing the assembly of multiple wheel trains by using fewer parts, simultaneously having convenient operation and strong interactivity, and being used as an experimental device in the teaching field of mechanical principles of colleges and universities, the method assists students in understanding the composition structure, the assembly relationship, the movement characteristics, the transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency of various wheel trains, and cultivates the observation and analysis capability, the comprehensive design capability and the practical and practical ability of the students.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the multifunctional gear train comprehensive experimental device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a left input unit in the multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a right input unit of the multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation loading unit in the multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a single row of gears overlapped according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overlapped I-type double row gear train of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overlapped type II double row gear train structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the overlapped type III double-row gear train structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a cabinet; 2-welding the table body; 3-a support leg; 4-universal wheels; 5-fixing the bottom plate; 6-control panel; 7-motor speed controller; 8-a torque controller; 9-dynamic torque measurement and control instrument; 10-a left input unit; 11-lapping wheel train; 12-a right input unit; 13-lap joint platform; 14-an analog loading unit; 15-left bottom plate; 16-left adjustable-speed motor; 17-left coupling; 18-left torque sensor; 19-left lower gear; 20-upper left gear; 21-a bearing; 22-left input shaft; 23-left bearing seat; 24-T-slot screws; 25-a left sensor mount; 26-a left motor mount; 27-right input shaft; 28-right bearing seat; 29-upper right gear; 30-right lower gear; 31-right torque sensor; 32-right coupling; 33-right speed regulating motor; 34-right motor support; 35-right sensor mount; 36-right bottom plate; 37-a loading wheel; 38-rear bearing seat; 39-rear coupling B; 40-rear torsion sensor; 41-rear coupling A; 42-magnetic particle brake; 43-a loading shaft; 44-rear floor; 46-a brake carrier; type 47-C outer sun gear; type 48-A inner sun gear; a type 49-C planet gear; a 50-B type planet wheel shaft; a 51-B type carrier wheel; type 52-B inner sun gear; 53-B planetary gear; 54-A type planet wheel shaft; a 55-A type planet wheel; 56-A type planet carrier wheel; a 57-A type outer sun gear; model 58-B outer sun gear; 59-locking nail.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "a-type", "B-type", "C-type", "I-type", "II-type", "III-type" are used only for sorting gears and train wheels, regardless of the structure of the gears.
Fig. 1 and 2 are general structure diagrams of a multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device, which comprises a cabinet 1 and a part box, wherein the cabinet 1 is provided with a lapping platform 13, a lapping gear train 11 and a measurement and control device; the cabinet 1 comprises a welding table body 2, supporting legs 3 and universal wheels 4 are installed at the bottom of the welding table body 2, and a control panel 6 is installed on the front face of the welding table body 2. The lapping platform 13 comprises a fixed bottom plate 5 installed on the upper surface of the cabinet, and a left input unit 10, a right input unit 12 and an analog loading unit 14 installed on the fixed bottom plate 5, wherein a lapping area A is reserved between the left input unit 10 and the right input unit 12.
The part case provides various general parts for the design and the assembly of train type, including axle type part 2 kinds and gear class part 10 kinds, axle type part includes 2A type planet wheel axles 54 and 2B type planet wheel axles 50, and gear class part includes 5 kinds of sun gears, 3 kinds of planet wheel and 2 kinds of planet carrier wheel, and the sun gear includes that 1 number of teeth is ZawThe A-shaped outer sun gear 57 has 1 tooth number ZbwThe B-type outer sun gear 58, 1 tooth number is ZcwC type external sunThe number of teeth of wheel 47, 1 is ZanAnd 1 inner sun gear 48 of type A with a tooth count of ZbnThe planet wheel comprises 2 inner sun wheels 52 with the tooth number ZaxThe A type planet wheel 55 and 2 teeth are ZbxAnd 2 planet gears 53 of type B with a tooth number of ZcxC-shaped planet wheel 49, the carrier wheel comprising 1 planet wheel with a number of teeth ZahAnd 1 planet carrier wheel 56 of type A with a tooth number ZbhThe type B carrier wheel 51.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the left input unit 10. The left speed regulating motor 16 is fixed on a left motor bracket 26 through screws, the left motor bracket 26 is fixed on a left bottom plate 15 through screws, a left torque sensor 18 is fixed on a left sensor support 25 through screws, the left sensor support 25 is fixed on the left bottom plate 15 through screws, an output shaft of the left speed regulating motor 16 is connected with an input shaft of the left torque sensor 18 through a left coupling 17, the output shaft of the left torque sensor 18 is connected with a left lower gear 19 through a key, a left input shaft 22 is installed on the left bottom plate 15 through a bearing 21 and a left bearing seat 23, a left upper gear 20 is installed on the left side of the left input shaft 22, the left upper gear 20 and the left lower gear 19 are mutually meshed, the left bottom plate 15 is fixed on a fixed bottom plate 5 provided with two long T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws 24, after the T-shaped screws 24 are loosened, the left bottom plate 15 can move left and right along the two long T-shaped grooves, so that the position of the left input unit 10 can be adjusted. When the gear train is lapped, the right side of the left input shaft 22 is connected to one sun gear in the gear train.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the right input unit 12. The right speed regulating motor 33 is fixed on a right motor bracket 34 through screws, the right motor bracket 34 is fixed on a right base plate 36 through screws, a right torque sensor 31 is fixed on a right sensor support 35 through screws, the right sensor support 35 is fixed on the right base plate 36 through screws, an output shaft of the right speed regulating motor 33 is connected with an input shaft of the right torque sensor 31 through a right coupling 32, the output shaft of the right torque sensor 31 is connected with a right lower gear 30 through keys, a right input shaft 27 is arranged on the right base plate 36 through a bearing 21 and a right bearing seat 28, a right upper gear 29 is arranged on the right side of the right input shaft 27, the right upper gear 29 is meshed with the right lower gear 30, the right base plate 36 is fixed on a fixed base plate 5 provided with two long T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws 24, after the T-shaped groove screws 24 are loosened, the right base plate 36 can move left and right along the two long T-shaped grooves to adjust the position of the right input unit 12. When the gear train is lapped, the left side of the right input shaft 27 is connected to the other sun gear in the gear train.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the analog loading unit 14. The magnetic powder brake 42 is fixed on a brake support 46 through screws, the brake support 46 is fixed on a rear base plate 44 through screws, a rear torque sensor 40 is fixed on a rear sensor support 45 through screws, the rear sensor support 45 is fixed on the rear base plate 44 through screws, an input shaft of the magnetic powder brake 42 is connected with an output shaft of the rear torque sensor 40 through a rear coupling A41, a loading shaft 43 is installed on the rear base plate 44 through a bearing 21 and a rear bearing seat 38, a loading wheel 37 is installed on the left side of the loading shaft 43, the right side of the loading shaft is connected with the input shaft of the rear torque sensor 40 through a rear coupling B39, the rear base plate 44 is fixed on a fixed base plate 5 provided with two short T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws 24, and after the T-shaped groove screws 24 are loosened, the rear base plate 44 can move left and right along the two short T-shaped grooves, so that the position adjustment of the analog loading unit 14 is realized. In the case of a lap-joint train, the loading wheel 37 meshes with a planet carrier wheel in the train having the same number of teeth as the loading wheel 37.
The lap gear train 11 is a gear train assembled on the lap platform 13 by using the parts in the part box, and comprises four basic epicyclic gear trains of a single-row gear train, an I-type double-row gear train, an II-type double-row gear train and a III-type double-row gear train, and on the premise that the basic structure formed by the left input unit 10, the right input unit 12 and the analog loading unit 14 of the lap platform 13 is unchanged, the lap joint of any one of the basic gear trains can be completed in the lap joint area A by using the parts in the part box. Each basic gear train realizes free conversion of types of planetary gear trains, differential gear trains and ordinary gear trains by installing locking nails 59 at different positions.
The four basic gear trains are 2K-H type epicyclic gear trains, and comprise sun wheels, planet wheels and planet carrier wheels, wherein the number of the sun wheels is 2, and the number of the planet carrier wheels is 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single-row wheel system structure in the lap wheel system 11. The single-row wheel system comprises a gear number ZanType A inner sun gear 48, tooth number ZcwC-shaped outer sun gear 47 with Z teethcxC-shaped planet wheel 49 and the number of teeth ZbhThe type B planet carrier wheel 51, said Zan、ZcxAnd ZcwSatisfies the relationship: 2Zcx﹢Zcw=Zan。
The A-type inner sun gear 48 is connected with the right side of the left input shaft 22 through a key and can rotate along with the left input shaft 22 in a fixed shaft mode, the C-type outer sun gear 47 is connected with the left side of the right input shaft 27 through a key and can rotate along with the right input shaft 27 in a fixed shaft mode, the B-type planet carrier wheel 51 is sleeved on the right input shaft 27 through a bearing in a fixed shaft mode and rotates in a fixed shaft mode, the C-type planet wheels 49 are sleeved on the left side of the B-type planet carrier shaft 50 through a bearing in a hollow mode, the right side of the B-type planet carrier shaft 50 is connected with the B-type planet carrier wheel 51 through a key, the B-type planet carrier wheel 51 supports the C-type planet wheels 49 through the B-type planet carrier shaft 50 and drives the C-planet wheels 49 to rotate in a revolving mode, the C-type planet wheels 49 are symmetrical up and down and are in outer meshing contact with the C-type outer sun gear 47 and in inner sun gear 48 in inner meshing contact with the A-type inner sun gear.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overlapped I-type double row gear train structure of the present invention. The I-type double-row gear train comprises a gear number Zbn Inner sun gear 52 of type B, with number of teeth ZbxType B planet wheel 53 with number of teeth ZawType A outer sun gear 57, ZaxA type planetary gear 55 and ZahThe type A planet carrier wheel 56, the Zbn、Zbx、ZawAnd ZaxSatisfies the relationship: zaw﹢Zax=Zbn﹣Zbx。
The B-type inner sun gear 52 is keyed to the right side of the left input shaft 22 for fixed axis rotation with the left input shaft 22, the a-type outer sun gear 57 is keyed to the left side of the right input shaft 27, can rotate with the right input shaft 27 in a fixed axis way, the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 rotates on the right input shaft 27 in a fixed axis way through a bearing empty sleeve, the B-type planet wheel 53 is connected with the left side of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 through a key, the A-type planet wheel 55 is connected with the right side of the A-type planet wheel shaft through a key, the middle part of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 is connected with the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 through a bearing, the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 supports the B-type planet wheel 53 and the A-type planet wheel 55 through the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 and drives the B-type planet wheel 53 and the A-type planet wheel 55 to revolve together, the B-type planet wheels 53 are symmetrical up and down, the type-A planetary gears 55 are symmetrical up and down and are in external meshing contact with the type-A external sun gear 57.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overlapped II-type double-row gear train structure of the present invention. The type II double-row gear train comprises a gear number ZbwType B outer sun gear 58, tooth number ZbxType B planet wheel 53 with number of teeth ZawA-type outer sun gear 57 with a tooth number of ZaxA planetary gear 55 of type a and a number of teeth ZahThe type A planet carrier wheel 56, the Zax、Zaw、ZbxAnd ZbwSatisfies the relationship: zaw﹢Zax=Zbw﹢Zbx。
The B-type outer sun gear 58 is keyed to the right side of the left input shaft 22 for fixed axis rotation with the left input shaft 22, the a-type outer sun gear 57 is keyed to the left side of the right input shaft 27, can rotate with the right input shaft 27 in a fixed axis way, the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 rotates on the right input shaft 27 in a fixed axis way through a bearing empty sleeve, the B-type planet wheel 53 is connected with the left side of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 through a key, the A-type planet wheel 55 is connected with the right side of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 through a key, the middle part of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 is connected with the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 through a bearing, the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 supports the B-type planet wheel 53 and the A-type planet wheel 55 through the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 and drives the B-type planet wheel 53 and the A-type planet wheel 55 to do revolution motion together, the B-type planet wheels 53 are symmetrical up and down, the type A planet wheels 55 are symmetrical up and down and are in external meshing contact with the type B external sun wheel 58 through external meshing contact.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a lapped type III double-row gear train structure according to the present invention. The type III double-row gear train comprises Zbn Inner sun gear 52 of type B, with number of teeth ZbxType B planet wheel 53 with number of teeth ZanType A inner sun gear 48, tooth number ZaxA type planetary gear 55 and ZahThe type A planet carrier wheel 56, the Zan、Zax、ZbnAnd ZbxSatisfies the relationship: zan﹣Zax = Zbn﹣Zbx。
The B-type inner sun gear 52 is keyed to the right side of the left input shaft 22 for fixed axis rotation with the left input shaft 22, the a-type inner sun gear 48 is keyed to the left side of the right input shaft 27, can rotate with the right input shaft 27 in a fixed axis way, the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 rotates on the right input shaft 27 in a fixed axis way through a bearing empty sleeve, the B-type planet wheel 53 is connected with the left side of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 through a key, the A-type planet wheel 55 is connected with the right side of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 through a key, the middle part of the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 is connected with the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 through a bearing, the A-type planet carrier wheel 56 supports the B-type planet wheel 53 and the A-type planet wheel 55 through the A-type planet wheel shaft 54 and drives the B-type planet wheel 53 and the A-type planet wheel 55 to do revolution motion together, the B-type planet wheels 53 are symmetrical up and down, the type-A planetary gears 55 are vertically symmetrical and in inner meshing contact with the type-A inner sun gear 48.
The measuring and controlling device comprises a torsion controller 8, a motor speed regulator 7 and a dynamic torsion measuring and controlling instrument 9 which are installed on a control panel 6, wherein the torsion controller 8 is connected with a magnetic powder brake 42 through a signal wire, the motor speed regulator 7 is respectively connected with a left speed regulating motor 16 and a right speed regulating motor 33 through signal wires, and the dynamic torsion measuring and controlling instrument 9 is respectively connected with a left torsion sensor 18, a right torsion sensor 31 and a rear torsion sensor 40 through signal wires.
The landing platform 13 provides the basic structure and mounting area for the installation of the gear train and also provides the power input and the simulated load for the operation of the gear train. The basic structure includes a left input unit 10, a right input unit 12, and an analog loading unit 14. The left input unit 10 and the right input unit 12 are motion input portions of a wheel train: when the lap gear train 11 needs to input left-side motion, the left speed-regulating motor 16 in the left input unit 10 drives the left input shaft 22 to rotate through a fixed-axis gear train formed by the left lower gear 19 and the left upper gear 20 with the same tooth number, so as to drive the sun gear mounted on the left input shaft 22 to rotate, and realize the input of the left-side motion of the lap gear train; when the lap gear train needs to input right-side motion, a right speed regulation motor 33 in the right input unit 12 drives the right input shaft 27 to rotate through a dead axle gear train formed by the right lower gear 30 and the right upper gear 29 with the same tooth number, so that a sun gear installed on the right input shaft 27 is driven to rotate, and the input of the right-side motion of the lap gear train is realized. The analog loading unit 14 is connected with the output end of the lapped gear train to provide analog load for the gear train, when loading is carried out, the magnetic powder brake 42 is electrified to generate braking torque, and the analog loading of the lapped gear train is realized through the meshing of the loading wheel 37 on the left side of the loading shaft 43 and the planet carrier wheel in the lapped gear train. The left input unit, the right input unit and the analog loading unit 14 can move along the T-shaped groove on the fixed bottom plate 5, and the respective positions of the left input unit, the right input unit and the analog loading unit can be adjusted, so that a sufficient mounting area is reserved for the lapping of the gear train.
Each basic gear train can realize free conversion of the types of a planetary gear train, a differential gear train and an ordinary gear train through the same conversion principle. The principle of train type conversion is as follows:
the left bearing seat 23, the right bearing seat 28 and the rear bearing seat 38 are respectively provided with a pin hole 1, a pin hole 2 and a pin hole 3, and the left upper gear 20, the right upper gear 29 and the loading wheel 37 are respectively provided with a pin hole 1 ', a pin hole 2 ' and a pin hole 3 ' corresponding to the left bearing seat 23, the right bearing seat 28 and the rear bearing seat 38. When the locking nail 59 is not installed, the left and right speed regulating motors drive the two sun wheels to rotate, input motion is carried out, the planet carrier wheel is driven to rotate through meshing with the planet wheel, the planet carrier wheel is meshed with the loading wheel, the loading wheel is driven to rotate, and output motion is carried out, namely a differential gear train. When a locking pin 59 is inserted into the pin hole 1 through the pin hole 1', the upper left gear 20 is fixed with the left bearing seat 23, the left input shaft 22 is fixed, the left sun gear is fixed, the right speed regulating motor 33 drives the right sun gear to rotate, the input motion drives the planet carrier wheel to rotate through the meshing with the planet wheels, the planet carrier wheel is meshed with the loading wheel 37, the loading wheel 37 is driven to rotate, and the output motion is a planetary gear train. When a locking pin 59 is inserted into the pin hole 2 through the pin hole 2', the upper right gear 29 is fixed with the right bearing seat 28, the right input shaft 27 is fixed, the right sun gear is fixed, the left speed regulating motor 16 drives the left sun gear to rotate, the input motion drives the planet carrier wheel to rotate through the meshing with the planet wheels, the planet carrier wheel is meshed with the loading wheel to drive the loading wheel 37 to rotate, and the output motion is another planetary gear train. When a locking nail 59 is inserted into the pin hole 3 through the pin hole 3', the loading wheel 37 is fixed with the rear bearing seat 38, the loading shaft 43 is fixed, the planet carrier wheel is fixed, one of the left and right speed regulating motors is used for driving, the sun wheel on one side is driven to rotate, the input motion is carried out, the other sun wheel is driven to rotate through the meshing of the planet wheels fixed with the axis, and the output motion is carried out, namely a fixed-axis gear train.
The measuring and controlling device can control and detect the rotating speed and the torque of the input end and the output end of the wheel system in real time, and the torque force controller 8 is connected with the magnetic powder brake 42 through a signal line and can adjust the loading torque of the magnetic powder brake 42 in real time; the motor speed regulator 7 is respectively connected with the left speed regulating motor 16 and the right speed regulating motor 33 through signal wires, and can regulate the input rotating speed of the motors in real time; the dynamic torque measurement and control instrument 9 is respectively connected with the left torque sensor 18, the right torque sensor 31 and the rear torque sensor 40 through signal lines, and can collect and display torque and rotating speed values measured by the sensors in real time. The power can be calculated according to the torque and the rotating speed, the ratio of the rotating speed of the input end to the rotating speed of the output end is the transmission ratio of the gear train, and the ratio of the power of the output end to the power of the input end is the transmission efficiency of the gear train, so that the measurement and calculation of the transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency of the overlapped gear train are realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device comprises a cabinet (1) and a part box, and is characterized in that a lap joint platform (13) and a lap joint gear train (11) are arranged on the cabinet (1);
the part box comprises 2 shaft parts and 10 gear parts, the shaft parts comprise 2A-type planet wheel shafts (54) and 2B-type planet wheel shafts (50), the gear parts comprise 1A-type outer sun wheel (57), 1B-type outer sun wheel (58), 1C-type outer sun wheel (47), 1A-type inner sun wheel (48), 1B-type inner sun wheel (52), 2A-type planet wheels (55), 2B-type planet wheels (53), 2C-type planet wheels (49), 1A-type planet carrier wheel (56) and 1B-type planet carrier wheel (51);
the lapping platform (13) comprises a left input unit (10), a right input unit (12) and a simulation loading unit (14) which are arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet (1), and a lapping area (A) is reserved between the left input unit (10) and the right input unit (12);
the left input unit (10) comprises a left input shaft (22) connected with one sun gear in the lapped gear train (11), a driving mechanism used for driving the left input shaft (22) to rotate and a locking mechanism used for limiting the rotation of the left input shaft (22);
the right input unit (12) comprises a right input shaft (27) connected with another sun gear in the lapped gear train (11), a driving mechanism for driving the right input shaft (27) to rotate and a locking mechanism for limiting the rotation of the right input shaft (27);
the analog loading unit (14) comprises a loading wheel (37) meshed with a planet carrier wheel with the same number of teeth in the lapped gear train (11), a loading shaft (43) connected with the loading wheel (37), a loading mechanism used for applying a resistance moment to the rotation of the loading shaft (43) and a locking mechanism used for limiting the rotation of the loading shaft (43);
the lapping gear train (11) comprises four basic gear trains of a single-row gear train, an I-type double-row gear train, a II-type double-row gear train and a III-type double-row gear train, and the assembly of any one basic gear train can be completed in the lapping region (A) by using parts in the part box;
the single-row gear train comprises an A-type inner sun gear (48), a C-type outer sun gear (47), a C-type planet gear (49) and a B-type planet carrier gear (51), wherein the A-type inner sun gear (48) is connected with the left input shaft (22), the C-type outer sun gear (47) is connected with the right input shaft (27), the B-type planet carrier gear (51) which is sleeved on the right input shaft (27) in an empty mode supports the C-type planet gear (49) through a B-type planet gear shaft (50), and the C-type planet gear (49) is respectively meshed with the A-type inner sun gear (48) and the C-type outer sun gear (47);
the I-type double-row gear train comprises a B-type inner sun gear (52), an A-type outer sun gear (57), a B-type planet gear (53), an A-type planet gear (55) and an A-type planet carrier gear (56), wherein the B-type inner sun gear (52) is connected with a left input shaft (22), the A-type outer sun gear (57) is connected with a right input shaft (27), the A-type planet carrier gear (56) which is sleeved on the right input shaft (27) supports the B-type planet gear (53) and the A-type planet gear (55) through the A-type planet gear shaft (54) from left to right, the B-type planet gear (53) is meshed with the B-type inner sun gear (52), and the A-type planet gear (55) is meshed with the A-type outer sun gear (57);
the II-type double-row gear train comprises a B-type outer sun gear (58), an A-type outer sun gear (57), a B-type planet gear (53), an A-type planet gear (55) and an A-type planet carrier gear (56), wherein the B-type outer sun gear (58) is connected with the left input shaft (22), the A-type outer sun gear (57) is connected with the right input shaft (27), the A-type planet carrier gear (56) which is sleeved on the right input shaft (27) supports the B-type planet gear (53) and the A-type planet gear (55) through the left and right of the A-type planet gear shaft (54), the B-type planet gear (53) is meshed with the B-type outer sun gear (58), and the A-type planet gear (55) is meshed with the A-type outer sun gear (57);
the III type double-row gear train comprises a B type inner sun gear (52), an A type inner sun gear (48), a B type planet gear (53), an A type planet gear (55) and an A type planet carrier wheel (56), wherein the B type inner sun gear (52) is connected with a left input shaft (22), the A type inner sun gear (48) is connected with a right input shaft (27), the A type planet carrier wheel (56) which is sleeved on the right input shaft (27) supports the B type planet gear (53) and the A type planet gear (55) respectively through the left side and the right side of an A type planet gear shaft (54), the B type planet gear (53) is meshed with the B type inner sun gear (52), and the A type planet gear (55) is meshed with the A type inner sun gear (48);
the driving mechanism of the left input unit (10) is a left speed regulating motor (16), and the left speed regulating motor (16) drives a left input shaft (22) to rotate through a fixed-axis gear train formed by meshing a pair of left lower gears (19) and left upper gears (20) with equal tooth numbers;
the driving mechanism of the right input unit (12) is that a right speed regulating motor (33) drives a right input shaft (27) to rotate through a fixed-axis gear train formed by meshing a pair of right lower gear (30) and right upper gear (29) with equal teeth;
the loading mechanism of the analog loading unit (14) is a magnetic powder brake (42), and the magnetic powder brake (42) loads the loading shaft (43) by generating impedance moment;
the locking mechanisms of the left input unit (10), the right input unit (12) and the analog loading unit (14) are pin holes and locking nails (59) used for being inserted into the pin holes;
the left input shaft (22) is arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet (1) through a bearing (21) and a left bearing seat (23);
the right input shaft (27) is arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet (1) through a bearing (21) and a right bearing seat (28);
the loading shaft (43) is arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet (1) through a bearing (21) and a rear bearing seat (38);
the left bearing seat (23), the right bearing seat (28) and the rear bearing seat (38) are respectively provided with a pin hole 1, a pin hole 2 and a pin hole 3, and the left upper gear (20), the right upper gear (29) and the loading wheel (37) are respectively provided with a pin hole 1 ', a pin hole 2 ' and a pin hole 3 ' corresponding to the left bearing seat (23), the right bearing seat (28) and the rear bearing seat (38);
the planetary gear train, the differential gear train and the ordinary gear train are realized by basic gear train conversion:
the locking nail (59) is not installed, the left and right speed regulating motors drive the two sun wheels to rotate, the input motion drives the planet carrier wheel to rotate through meshing with the planet wheel, the planet carrier wheel is meshed with the loading wheel to drive the loading wheel to rotate, and the output motion is a differential gear train;
a locking nail (59) is inserted into the pin hole 1 through the pin hole 1', a left upper gear (20) is fixed with a left bearing seat (23), a left input shaft (22) is fixed, a left sun gear is fixed, a right speed regulating motor (33) drives a right sun gear to rotate, input motion is carried out, a planet carrier wheel is driven to rotate through meshing with a planet wheel, the planet carrier wheel is meshed with a loading wheel (37), the loading wheel (37) is driven to rotate, and output motion is carried out, so that the planetary gear train is a planetary gear train;
a locking nail (59) is inserted into the pin hole 2 through the pin hole 2', a right upper gear (29) is fixed with a right bearing seat (28), a right input shaft (27) is fixed, a right sun gear is fixed, a left speed regulating motor (16) drives the left sun gear to rotate, input motion is carried out, a planet carrier wheel is driven to rotate through meshing with a planet wheel, the planet carrier wheel is meshed with a loading wheel (37), the loading wheel (37) is driven to rotate, and output motion is carried out, so that another planetary gear train is formed;
when a locking nail (59) is inserted into the pin hole 3 through the pin hole 3', the loading wheel (37) is fixed with the rear bearing seat (38), the loading shaft (43) is fixed, the planet carrier wheel is fixed, one of the left and right speed regulating motors is used as a drive to drive the sun wheel on one side to rotate, the input motion is carried out, the other sun wheel is driven to rotate through the meshing of the planet wheel fixed with the axis, and the output motion is a fixed-axis gear train.
2. The multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device according to claim 1, wherein a measurement and control device is arranged on the cabinet (1);
an output shaft of the left speed regulating motor (16) is connected with an input shaft of a left torque force sensor (18) through a left coupler (17), and an output shaft of the left torque force sensor (18) is connected with a left lower gear (19) through a key;
an output shaft of the right speed regulating motor (33) is connected with an input shaft of a right torsion sensor (31) through a right coupling (32), and an output shaft of the right torsion sensor (31) is connected with a right lower gear (30) through a key;
an input shaft of the magnetic powder brake (42) is connected with an output shaft of a rear torsion sensor (40) through a rear coupler A (41), the input shaft of the rear torsion sensor (40) is connected with the right end of a loading shaft (43) through a rear coupler B (39), and the left end of the loading shaft (43) is connected with a loading wheel (37);
the measuring and controlling device comprises a torsion controller (8), a motor speed regulator (7) and a dynamic torsion measuring and controlling instrument (9), wherein the torsion controller (8) is connected with a magnetic powder brake (42) through a signal line, the motor speed regulator (7) is respectively connected with a left speed regulating motor (16) and a right speed regulating motor (33) through signal lines, and the dynamic torsion measuring and controlling instrument (9) is respectively connected with a left torsion sensor (18), a right torsion sensor (31) and a rear torsion sensor (40) through signal lines.
3. The multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the left input unit (10), the right input unit (12) and the analog loading unit (14) are fixedly and slidably arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet (1).
4. A multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device according to claim 3, wherein a fixed bottom plate (5) is mounted on the upper surface of the cabinet (1);
two long T-shaped grooves and two short T-shaped grooves are arranged on the fixed bottom plate (5) in parallel;
the left input unit (10) further comprises a left bottom plate (15), and the left bottom plate (15) is slidably arranged on the left sides of the two long T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws (24);
the right input unit (12) further comprises a right bottom plate (36), and the right bottom plate (36) is slidably arranged on the right sides of the two long T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws (24);
the analog loading unit (14) further comprises a rear bottom plate (44), and the rear bottom plate (44) is slidably mounted on the two short T-shaped grooves through T-shaped groove screws (24).
5. The multifunctional gear train comprehensive experiment device according to claim 4, wherein the cabinet (1) comprises a welding table body (2), supporting legs (3) and universal wheels (4) are installed at the bottom of the welding table body (2), and a control panel (6) is installed on the front face of the welding table body;
the torque controller (8), the motor speed regulator (7) and the dynamic torque measurement and control instrument (9) are all arranged on the control panel (6).
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| CN103076172A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-05-01 | 湖南长庆机电科教有限公司 | Comprehensive experiment platform for gear transmission strength design |
| CN203520749U (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-04-02 | 天津大学 | Modular gear train combination experimental device |
| CN104021720B (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-05-25 | 上海理工大学 | Cyclic train experiment teaching aid |
| CN204680302U (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-09-30 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of mechanical principle integrated gear train teaching aid |
| CN105761604B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2018-09-18 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of multifunctional modular Gear Planet Transmission teaching aid |
| CN205843951U (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-12-28 | 西安工程大学 | A kind of train transmission performance test system |
| CN106370421B (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2019-04-19 | 西安工程大学 | Planetary gear train and differential gear train transmission system testing mechanical characteristic experimental bench |
| CN208569988U (en) * | 2018-01-28 | 2019-03-01 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of multi-functional differential gear train transmission demonstration teaching aid |
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