CN111126863A - System and method for evaluating passive energy and active energy supply of public institution - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for evaluating passive energy and active energy supply of a public institution, which comprises the following steps: the resource indexes in the system comprise passive energy resource quantity, active energy supply quantity and resource availability, the passive energy resource quantity adopts geothermal energy resource quantity or solar energy resource quantity, the active energy supply quantity comprises coal supply quantity and natural gas supply quantity, and the resource availability adopts geothermal energy availability or effective sunshine duration; the technical index comprises the load demand of the public institution; the economic indexes comprise policy subsidies and fixed asset investment amount, and the policy subsidies adopt geothermal energy policy subsidies or solar energy policy subsidies; the environmental index comprises carbon dioxide emission reduction; the method comprises the steps of constructing an evaluation matrix; carrying out standardization treatment; calculating specific gravity and entropy; calculating the weight of each index; and evaluating the coupling scheme of the active energy and the passive energy of each province by utilizing a comprehensive score evaluation calculation model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of buildings and energy, in particular to a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system and method for public institutions.
Background
The "institutional energy conservation regulations" stipulate that institutions are national institutions, institutions and group organizations that use financial funds in whole or in part. The national institution accounts for 23.43% of the total amount of the national public institutions, the education institution accounts for 35.49% of the total amount of the national public institutions, the science institution accounts for 9.95% of the total amount of the national public institutions, the cultural institution accounts for 1.01% of the total amount of the national public institutions, the health institution accounts for 14.78% of the total amount of the national public institutions, the sports institution accounts for 0.33% of the total amount of the national public institutions, the social group accounts for 11.55% of the total amount of the national public institutions, and the other institutions account for 3.46% of the total amount of the national public institutions. Wherein, national organs, education institutions and health institutions, and the three types of public institutions account for 73.7 percent of the total amount of the national public institutions.
The public institution energy consumption is characterized by large total amount, high unit energy consumption and fast energy consumption increase. According to macroscopic data, the annual power consumption of the public institutions in China is about 70-300kWh per unit area, 10-20 times of that of ordinary residential houses in China, and 1.5-2 times of that of similar buildings in developed countries and regions such as Europe, Japan and the like. And thus the energy saving potential of the public institution is huge.
In the energy supply structure of the current public institution, the conventional energy (fossil fuel) is the main energy, the coal accounts for nearly 70 percent, the environment is greatly polluted in use, and the storage amount of the conventional energy is not optimistic. In view of high energy consumption and rapid energy consumption increase of public institutions, passive energy is introduced into the energy supply of the public institutions, the proportion of the passive energy in the energy supply can be improved as much as possible, excessive dependence on conventional energy can be reduced, and the current policy requirements on energy conservation and emission reduction are met.
The active and passive energy coupling utilization status of 600 public institutions in the country is investigated in the form of a questionnaire, the types of the public institutions are government office buildings, education institution buildings and health institution buildings, five thermotechnical climate areas including severe cold, hot in summer and cold in winter, hot in summer and warm in winter and mild areas are covered, and the construction years include old buildings before the 50 th century. Investigation finds that the active and passive energy coupling forms are summarized into three types: in the first combined type, a public institution is a building group, different buildings adopt different energy forms, and different energy systems of the same building adopt different energy forms. The second switching mode is to switch the active and passive energy sources according to the use condition. And the third supplementary mode is that the active energy source and the passive energy source are supplied jointly according to the use conditions. The main problems exist that the public institution active and passive energy coupling utilization technology lacks scientific and reasonable evaluation in practical application and has no uniform evaluation standard.
In addition, relevant documents at home and abroad are investigated, and an energy evaluation system of representative regions at home and abroad is deeply researched. For example, the British BREEAM evaluation system, the American LEED evaluation system, the Japanese CASBEE evaluation system, the multi-country jointly developed GBTOOL evaluation system, the domestic "Green building evaluation Standard", and the like.
Through investigation, the current public institution active and passive energy coupling utilization technology is found to lack scientific and reasonable evaluation in practical application, and no evaluation system for public institution active and passive energy coupling utilization exists at home and abroad, so that innovative research on the technology is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a system and a method for evaluating the passive energy and active energy supply of a public institution, which can objectively evaluate the technical scheme of the passive and active energy supply of each region and give a relative appropriateness degree of adopting a certain active and passive energy coupling supply scheme in each region, thereby providing a reference for local public institution energy supply planners.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system for a public institution, which comprises a resource energy index, a technical index, an economic index and an environmental index;
the resource type indexes comprise passive energy resource quantity, active energy supply quantity and resource availability, the passive energy resource quantity adopts geothermal energy resource quantity or solar energy resource quantity, the active energy supply quantity comprises coal supply quantity and natural gas supply quantity, and the resource availability adopts geothermal energy availability or effective sunshine duration;
the technical index comprises the load demand of a public institution; the economic indicators comprise policy subsidies and fixed asset investment amount, and the policy subsidies adopt geothermal energy policy subsidies or solar energy policy subsidies; the environmental indicators include carbon dioxide emission reduction.
If the passive energy resource amount adopts geothermal energy resource amount, adopting geothermal energy availability for the resource availability, and adopting geothermal energy for the policy subsidy; if the passive energy resource amount adopts the solar energy resource amount, the resource availability adopts the effective sunshine duration, and the policy patch adopts the policy patch of solar energy.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to an evaluation method based on a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of a public institution, which uses an entropy weight method to weight each index, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: construction of an evaluation matrix
Selecting n evaluation indexes of m objects from each province index data obtained based on a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of a public institution to construct a matrix
Wherein xijThe j index value (i is 1,2, …, m; j is 1,2, …, n) of the ith object is represented, m is 31, n is 8, and an initial matrix of 31 rows and 8 columns is obtained;
the second step is that: normalization process
The data of each index is standardized and divided into two types of indexes: the more and more excellent types are geothermal energy resource quantity, solar energy resource quantity, coal supply quantity, natural gas supply quantity, geothermal energy availability, effective sunshine duration, policy subsidy, fixed asset investment amount and carbon dioxide emission reduction quantity; smaller and more preferred type-utility load demand; the normalization process formula is as follows:
for the forward direction index, the greater the value, the more optimal the model, the processing method is as follows:
for the negative indicator, the smaller the value is, the more optimal the model is, the processing method is as follows:
wherein x isijIs the ith row and the jth column index data; x is the number ofjminIs the minimum value of the j-th column index data; x is the number ofjmaxIs the maximum value of the j-th column index data;
the third step: calculating the proportion of the ith province in the j index,
the fourth step: calculating the entropy value of the j index,
the fifth step: the weight of each index is calculated,
and a sixth step: evaluating the coupling scheme of the active energy and the passive energy of each province by utilizing a comprehensive score evaluation calculation model;
wherein Z islAs score value, xijNormalized value, w, for the j-th index of each provincejIs the weight of the j index.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in view of the lack of scientific and reasonable evaluation in the practical application of the passive energy and active energy coupling utilization technology of the public institution at present, the invention creatively constructs the evaluation index system of the passive and active energy supply technology of the public institution, adopts an entropy weight method and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, namely an evaluation method combining subjectivity and objectivity, adopts the thinking of regional energy planning and a macroscopic research method from the energy supply side, the method is characterized in that passive and active energy supply technical schemes (solar energy and active energy supply schemes, shallow geothermal energy and active energy supply schemes) of each region (taking province, direct prefecture city and autonomous region as evaluation areas) are objectively evaluated, and the relative suitability degree of adopting a certain active and passive energy coupling supply scheme in each region is given, so that reference is provided for local public institution energy supply planners.
(2) The evaluation index, the evaluation method and the index calculation method are fixed, and the index value adopts different data in different periods, so that the popularization and the usability are strong.
(3) The invention can be compared in several regions or nationwide in the aspect of suitability comparison, and has wide application range.
(4) The invention comprehensively considers the influence factors of the coupling utilization of the active and passive energy sources, so that the evaluation of the active and passive energy source supply technology is more scientific.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a public institution passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for evaluating shallow geothermal energy and active energy supply in a public institution.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an institutional solar and active energy supply evaluation system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The research boundaries of the present invention mainly include:
① public institutions, such as office buildings, education buildings, and health buildings.
② passive energy source mainly including solar energy and shallow geothermal energy;
③ conventional energy sources, i.e. coal and natural gas, are not considered because petroleum is less used in buildings.
④ public agency demand loads include heating, cooling, hot water supply, and electricity.
⑤ the passive energy source and the active energy source are coupled in the forms of combination, switching, and supplement.
⑥ Passive energy source and active energy source are coupled to supply solar energy + active energy source, shallow geothermal energy + active energy source.
⑦ from the energy supply side, the thinking of regional energy source planning and the macroscopic research method are adopted, and the specific energy conversion system and the specific energy conversion mode are not researched.
⑧ the method comprehensively considers the influence indexes of resources, technology, economy and environment, so as to construct an index system, and adopts an entropy weight method and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, namely an evaluation method combining subjectivity and objectivity.
As shown in fig. 1, the passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of the public institution of the present invention includes resource energy indexes, technical indexes, economic indexes and environmental indexes.
The resource type indexes comprise passive energy resource quantity, active energy supply quantity and resource availability, the passive energy resource quantity adopts geothermal energy resource quantity or solar energy resource quantity, the active energy supply quantity comprises coal supply quantity and natural gas supply quantity, and the resource availability adopts geothermal energy availability or effective sunshine duration.
The technical index comprises the load demand of a public institution; the economic indicators comprise policy subsidies and fixed asset investment amount, and the policy subsidies adopt geothermal energy policy subsidies or solar energy policy subsidies; the environmental indicators include carbon dioxide emission reduction.
Different passive energy and active energy supply evaluation systems constructed according to the overall framework are shown in fig. 2 and 3. Specifically, if the passive energy resource amount is geothermal energy resource amount, the resource availability is geothermal energy availability, the policy is a geothermal energy policy, and the constructed system for evaluating shallow geothermal energy and active energy supply of the public institution is shown in fig. 2, where the geothermal energy policy is mainly considered ground source heat pump policy. If the passive energy resource amount adopts a solar energy resource amount, the resource availability adopts an effective sunshine duration, the policy subsidy adopts a solar energy policy subsidy, and a public institution solar energy and active energy supply evaluation system constructed at the moment is shown in fig. 3, wherein the solar energy policy subsidy mainly considers the photovoltaic power generation policy subsidy.
1) Resource energy class index
Geothermal energy resource amount: the heat capacity of the shallow geothermal energy is used for expression (unit: kJ/° C/year), and the calculation method refers to the shallow geothermal energy exploration and evaluation specification DZT0225-2009 and the related technical literature of the geological survey bureau of China. And further calculating the geothermal energy resource amount of the whole province.
Availability of geothermal energy: due to different climate zones and geological conditions of provinces in China, the phenomenon of unbalanced cold and heat loads of individual regions all the year around exists, and therefore development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy are limited by certain objective factors. Therefore, the availability of the shallow geothermal energy is used as an index for evaluating the actual availability of the geothermal energy in each region.
Amount of solar energy resources: the solar energy resource amount of each region is evaluated according to the solar energy resource evaluation method by using the annual solar radiation amount (unit: MJ/m 2/year) of solar energy as an evaluation index.
Effective sunshine duration: because the geographical position and climate of each region in China are different, if the river and Zhe have 'plum rainy season', the coastal area is influenced by typhoon, the utilization of solar energy is restricted by weather, and the stability is influenced to a certain extent. Therefore, the effective sunshine duration (unit: h/year) of the whole year is used as the evaluation index of the availability and stability of the solar energy resources. The effective sunshine duration data is derived from official data of the national weather service bureau.
Supply amount of natural gas: according to the annual natural gas supply quantity (unit: hundred million 3/year) of each region in the annual book of Chinese energy statistics issued by the State statistics Bureau, the evaluation index for evaluating the natural gas supply capacity is used.
Coal supply amount: according to annual coal supply (unit: ten thousand/year) of each region in 'Chinese energy statistics yearbook' issued by the State statistics bureau, the method is used as an evaluation index for evaluating the coal supply capacity.
2) Technical index
Public institution load demand: and (4) calculating the total annual load demand of public institutions in each region by using Dest software simulation, wherein the total annual load demand comprises heating load, refrigerating load, electricity load and the like. The required amount of the load is converted into equivalent electricity (unit: kWh/year). The index reflects the degree of demand of public institutions in various regions for energy supply.
3) Economic index
And (3) policy subsidy: the patch for geothermal energy refers to policy patch of ground source heat pump engineering in each region, including patch of buried pipe, water source heat pump and ground source heat pump (unit: Yuan/m)2) (ii) a The subsidy of solar energy refers to the subsidy policy (unit: Yuan/kWh) of solar photo-thermal and photoelectric in each region.
Fixed asset investment amount: the data reflects the economic strength (unit: hundred million yuan/year) of the public institution investment in each region, and comes from the annual book of Chinese energy statistics released by the national statistical bureau.
4) Environmental index
Carbon dioxide emission reduction: represents the amount of carbon dioxide emissions (unit: ten thousand/year) reduced by reducing the supply of active energy after the utility utilizes passive energy. And calculating the product of the geothermal energy used by each provincial public institution and the estimated passive energy substitution rate of the active energy supply scheme and the total energy load demand of the local public institution according to a MARKAL model, and calculating the emission reduction amount of carbon dioxide according to the ipcc carbon emission coefficient.
The invention relates to an evaluation method based on a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of a public institution, which uses an entropy weight method to weight each index, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: construction of an evaluation matrix
Selecting n evaluation indexes of m objects from each province index data obtained based on a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of a public institution to construct a matrix
Wherein xijThe j index value (i is 1,2, …, m; j is 1,2, …, n) of the ith object is represented, m is 31, n is 8, and an initial matrix of 31 rows and 8 columns is obtained;
the second step is that: normalization process
The data of each index is standardized and divided into two types of indexes: the more and more excellent types are geothermal energy resource quantity, solar energy resource quantity, coal supply quantity, natural gas supply quantity, geothermal energy availability, effective sunshine duration, policy subsidy, fixed asset investment amount and carbon dioxide emission reduction quantity; smaller and more preferred type-utility load demand; the normalization process formula is as follows:
for the forward direction index, the greater the value, the more optimal the model, the processing method is as follows:
for the negative indicator, the smaller the value is, the more optimal the model is, the processing method is as follows:
wherein x isijIs the ith row and the jth column index data; x is the number ofjminIs the minimum value of the j-th column index data; x is the number ofjmaxIs the maximum value of the j-th column index data;
the third step: calculating the proportion of the ith province in the j index,
the fourth step: calculating the entropy value of the j index,
the fifth step: the weight of each index is calculated,
and a sixth step: and scoring the coupling scheme of the active energy and the passive energy of each province by using a comprehensive score evaluation calculation model, wherein the higher the comprehensive score is, the more suitable the energy coupling scheme is to be carried out in the region.
Wherein Z islAs score value, xijNormalized value, w, for the j-th index of each provincejIs the weight of the j index.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, five typical provinces (beijing, liaoning, shanghai, guangdong, and Qinghai) are selected according to the building thermal partition, and the use method of the index evaluation system is explained in detail by taking the shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling supply scheme as an example.
1) The basic data for five typical provinces are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 index basic data of five provincial shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling supply scheme
Note: the data in table 1 are calculated annually, except for policy subsidies.
2) And (3) standardizing the basic data of each index according to formulas (1) and (2), wherein the processing result is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 standardization data of five provincial shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling schemes
3) And (4) calculating the proportion of each index in the shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling scheme according to the formula (3).
4) The weights of the indexes are calculated according to the formulas (4) and (5), and the result is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 index weights of five provincial shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling schemes
As can be seen from the table, the weighted values of the indicators are sequentially ordered as: the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of geothermal energy resource amount (0.206), policy subsidy (0.160), geothermal energy availability (0.149), natural gas supply amount (0.129), carbon dioxide emission reduction amount (0.124), fixed asset investment amount (0.111), coal supply amount (0.102) and public institution load demand amount (0.018), and the weight of technical indexes in the standard level indexes is relatively low because the load demand difference of each provincial public institution is not large and the implementation difficulty of the technology is approximately at the same level. The economic index weight greatly reflects the guidance of governments in various regions on popularizing and using passive energy; the larger weight of the resource energy index reflects the importance of the passive energy resource reserves in the coupling utilization of the active and passive energy
5) And (4) scoring the five provincial shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling schemes according to a formula (6), wherein the scoring results are shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 fraction of five provincial shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling schemes
It can be seen that in the selected five provinces, the higher the comprehensive score is, the more suitable the energy coupling scheme is to be carried out in the region, and therefore, the regions suitable for the public institution to adopt the shallow geothermal energy and active energy coupling supply scheme are as follows: beijing > Shanghai > Liaoning > Guangdong > Qinghai.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system for a public institution is characterized by comprising resource energy indexes, technical indexes, economic indexes and environmental indexes;
the resource type indexes comprise passive energy resource quantity, active energy supply quantity and resource availability, the passive energy resource quantity adopts geothermal energy resource quantity or solar energy resource quantity, the active energy supply quantity comprises coal supply quantity and natural gas supply quantity, and the resource availability adopts geothermal energy availability or effective sunshine duration;
the technical index comprises the load demand of a public institution; the economic indicators comprise policy subsidies and fixed asset investment amount, and the policy subsidies adopt geothermal energy policy subsidies or solar energy policy subsidies; the environmental indicators include carbon dioxide emission reduction.
2. The institutional passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of claim 1, wherein if the passive energy resource measure is a geothermal energy resource measure, the resource availability measures a geothermal energy availability, and the policy patch measures a geothermal energy patch; if the passive energy resource amount adopts the solar energy resource amount, the effective sunshine duration is adopted for the resource availability, and the policy subsidy adopts the solar energy policy subsidy.
3. An evaluation method based on a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of a public institution is characterized in that an entropy weight method is used for weighting each index, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: construction of an evaluation matrix
Selecting n evaluation indexes of m objects from each province index data obtained based on a passive energy and active energy supply evaluation system of a public institution to construct a matrix
Wherein xijThe j index value (i is 1,2, …, m; j is 1,2, …, n) of the ith object is represented, m is 31, n is 8, and an initial matrix of 31 rows and 8 columns is obtained;
the second step is that: normalization process
The data of each index is standardized and divided into two types of indexes: the more and more excellent types are geothermal energy resource quantity, solar energy resource quantity, coal supply quantity, natural gas supply quantity, geothermal energy availability, effective sunshine duration, policy subsidy, fixed asset investment amount and carbon dioxide emission reduction quantity; smaller and more preferred-utility load demand; the normalization process formula is as follows:
for the forward direction index, the greater the value, the more optimal the model, the processing method is as follows:
for the negative indicator, the smaller the value is, the more optimal the model is, the processing method is as follows:
wherein x isijIs the ith row and the jth column index data; x is the number ofjminIs the minimum value of the j-th column index data; x is the number ofjmaxIs the maximum value of the j-th column index data;
the third step: calculating the proportion of the ith province in the j index,
the fourth step: calculating the entropy value of the j index,
the fifth step: the weight of each index is calculated,
and a sixth step: evaluating the coupling scheme of the active energy and the passive energy of each province by utilizing a comprehensive score evaluation calculation model;
wherein Z islFor the score value, x is the normalized value of the j index of each province, wjIs the weight of the j index.
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| CN112067333A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 山东省产品质量检验研究院 | Performance test method for household solar heating system laboratory |
| CN114548805A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Application effect evaluation model of solar energy and ground source heat pump composite system in typical harbor district energy conservation and emission reduction |
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| CN112067333B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-29 | 山东省产品质量检验研究院 | Performance test method for household solar heating system laboratory |
| CN114548805A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Application effect evaluation model of solar energy and ground source heat pump composite system in typical harbor district energy conservation and emission reduction |
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