CN111123408B - Method, system and storage medium for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS - Google Patents
Method, system and storage medium for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS Download PDFInfo
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- CN111123408B CN111123408B CN201911173540.9A CN201911173540A CN111123408B CN 111123408 B CN111123408 B CN 111123408B CN 201911173540 A CN201911173540 A CN 201911173540A CN 111123408 B CN111123408 B CN 111123408B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01W—METEOROLOGY
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- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The method, the system and the storage medium for predicting precipitation distribution based on the GIS provided by the invention can be used for acquiring the position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points in real time, and an area formed by the acquired at least three precipitation points is called a precipitation area; and calculating precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area according to the obtained position information and precipitation data of the precipitation points to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area. According to the method, the position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are obtained in real time, and the precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points related to the obtained precipitation points can be calculated according to the spatial geographic positions of the obtained precipitation points, so that the precipitation distribution condition can be predicted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of meteorology, in particular to a method, a system and a storage medium for predicting precipitation distribution based on a GIS.
Background
A GIS system is a geographic information system that is an integration of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and system management personnel to efficiently acquire, store, update, operate, analyze, and display any form of geographic information.
A GIS system is often used in the field of meteorology to display precipitation distribution information, the current precipitation data is quickly acquired by means of a remote sensing data product of a meteorological satellite, and the precipitation distribution information displayed by the GIS system is updated every six hours, namely, the precipitation distribution information is observed every six hours once when a meteorological station has precipitation according to the provisions of meteorological observation regulations. In the meteorological satellite observation interval time period, rainfall distribution information displayed in the GIS cannot be updated in real time; when a meteorological satellite is not used for real-time observation and real-time precipitation data is obtained, the change and the change process of precipitation in a precipitation area cannot be predicted within a certain time interval.
Therefore, the prior art has defects and needs to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is to provide a method, a system and a storage medium for predicting precipitation distribution based on a GIS, aiming at solving the problem that the change and the change process of precipitation in a precipitation area cannot be predicted within a certain time interval when real-time observation is performed and real-time precipitation data is obtained without using a meteorological satellite in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS, comprising:
acquiring position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points in real time, and calling an area formed by the acquired at least three precipitation points as a precipitation area;
and calculating precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area according to the obtained position information and precipitation data of the precipitation points to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area.
Further, the position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points are obtained in real time, and a precipitation area is formed in an area where the precipitation points are obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring real-time precipitation information of precipitation points transmitted by at least three preset base points in real time, wherein the real-time precipitation information comprises position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points;
appointing a precipitation area where the precipitation points are located according to a preset area range in the precipitation point range;
and representing the positions of the obtained precipitation point and the precipitation area by geographical latitude and longitude.
Further, according to the position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation point, precipitation data of an unknown precipitation point in the precipitation area is calculated to obtain precipitation distribution conditions of the precipitation area, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
analyzing the position information of the obtained precipitation point and the position information of the unknown precipitation point according to a pre-stored autocovariance function to obtain a fitting curve formed by the positions of any precipitation points in the precipitation area;
and obtaining precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points according to the fitted curve and the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points, and displaying the precipitation data of all the precipitation points in the precipitation area to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area.
Further, obtaining precipitation data of the unknown precipitation point according to the fitted curve and the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points, displaying the precipitation data of all the precipitation points in the precipitation area, and obtaining the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area, and then:
and mapping all precipitation points in the precipitation area to pixels corresponding to the canvas, and corresponding the position information and precipitation data corresponding to all the precipitation points to the pixels one by one to obtain a virtual canvas precipitation distribution graph.
Further, mapping all precipitation points in the precipitation area to pixels corresponding to the canvas, and corresponding position information and precipitation data corresponding to all precipitation points to the pixels one to obtain a virtual canvas precipitation distribution map, which comprises the following steps:
and carrying out color identification on precipitation data of all precipitation points in the precipitation area according to a preset precipitation color setting rule, and rendering to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area.
Further, mapping all precipitation points in the precipitation area to pixels corresponding to canvas, and corresponding position information and precipitation data corresponding to all precipitation points to the pixels one to obtain a virtual canvas precipitation distribution diagram, which then comprises:
and displaying the virtual canvas rainfall distribution diagram in a pixelization mode in the canvas to obtain a canvas rainfall distribution picture bearing the rainfall distribution condition of the rainfall area.
Further, the pixelizing and presenting the virtual canvas precipitation distribution diagram in the canvas to obtain a canvas precipitation distribution picture bearing precipitation distribution conditions of the precipitation area, then includes:
and the GIS system at the front end acquires and displays the canvas rainfall distribution picture to form a visual rainfall distribution map.
Further, the front-end GIS system obtains and presents the canvas precipitation distribution picture to form a visual precipitation distribution graph, and then the method comprises the following steps:
when the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are changed, the precipitation data of all the precipitation points in the precipitation area are correspondingly updated to obtain a new precipitation distribution condition;
updating the canvas rainfall distribution map according to the new rainfall distribution condition;
and the GIS system at the front end acquires and displays a canvas rainfall distribution picture corresponding to the updated canvas rainfall distribution map to form a new visual rainfall distribution map.
The present invention also provides a system for a method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS, comprising a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and wherein the one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors comprise a system for performing the method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS as described above.
The present invention also provides a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program executable for implementing the method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS as described above.
The invention provides a method, a system and a storage medium for predicting precipitation distribution based on a GIS, which comprises the following steps: acquiring position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points in real time, and calling an area formed by the acquired at least three precipitation points as a precipitation area; and calculating precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area according to the obtained position information and precipitation data of the precipitation points to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area. According to the method, the position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are obtained in real time, precipitation data of unknown precipitation points related to the obtained precipitation points can be calculated according to the spatial geographic positions of the obtained precipitation points, the precipitation data of the known limited precipitation points can be used for knowing the future precipitation distribution condition of related precipitation areas, reasonable precipitation distribution estimation can be made, citizens can be helped to master precipitation distribution information, and daily activities of the citizens are facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the system for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s100, acquiring position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points in real time, and calling an area formed by the acquired at least three precipitation points as a precipitation area.
The step S100 specifically includes:
and S110, acquiring real-time precipitation information of precipitation points transmitted by at least three preset base points in real time, wherein the real-time precipitation information comprises position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points.
In particular, devices for acquiring local real-time precipitation information may be set at specific geographic locations, and these devices may be: radar weather stations, rain gauges, well point precipitation equipment, precipitation phenomenon instruments and the like, it is understood that any equipment or method capable of acquiring precipitation conditions at a specific location is within the scope of the invention as claimed.
When the precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points are calculated according to the obtained precipitation points, the more the number of the obtained precipitation points is, the more accurate the obtained precipitation distribution data is, and the more accurate the precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points can be predicted. The obtained precipitation point is a specific place of the known precipitation data, and correspondingly, the unknown precipitation point is a place of the unknown precipitation data.
And S120, appointing the precipitation area where the precipitation points are located according to a preset area range in the precipitation point range.
The technical developer can select the precipitation area by encoding, wherein the precipitation area comprises the obtained precipitation points, understandably, the closer the precipitation area is to the distribution range of the obtained precipitation points, the more accurate the obtained predicted precipitation distribution situation is, and when the precipitation area is too wide, the precipitation data of some unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area cannot be accurately estimated, so that the technical developer can specify the precipitation area according to specific requirements.
Further, the geographical shape of the precipitation area in the present invention is not limited too much, and may be specified by technical developers according to the geographical location distribution of the obtained precipitation points, wherein the most conventional geographical shape is a rectangle.
And S130, representing the positions of the obtained precipitation points and the precipitation areas by using the longitude and latitude of the geography. Specifically, the geographical location representation of the precipitation point and precipitation zone may be in the form of (longitude: x, latitude: y), and the precipitation amount data may be expressed in units of millimeters (mm).
S200, calculating precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area according to the acquired position information and precipitation data of the precipitation points to obtain precipitation distribution conditions of the precipitation area.
Since the geographic data are affected by spatial interaction and spatial diffusion and are mutually related, the precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the same precipitation area can be calculated and deduced according to the spatial correlation of the geographic data and the position information of the obtained precipitation points.
The step S200 specifically includes:
s210, analyzing the position information of the obtained precipitation point and the position information of the unknown precipitation point according to a pre-stored autocovariance function to obtain a fitting curve formed by the positions of any precipitation points in the precipitation area.
Specifically, an autocovariance function is used for carrying out spatial modeling according to the position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation point, and prediction and regression calculation are carried out on the precipitation data of the unknown precipitation point.
S220, obtaining precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points according to the fitted curve and the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points, and displaying the precipitation data of all the precipitation points in the precipitation area to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area. The fitted curve is related to the space geographic position of the precipitation point, and the specific calculation mode is as follows:
firstly, calculating the half-variance between the geographical positions of two acquired precipitation points according to the geographical positions of the acquired precipitation points;
further calculating the half-variance between the unknown precipitation point and the obtained precipitation point;
sequentially solving a multivariate equation through the obtained geographical positions of the precipitation points to obtain an optimal coefficient;
and carrying out weighted summation on the obtained geographical position information of the precipitation point and the precipitation data by using the optimal coefficient to obtain the precipitation data of the unknown precipitation point.
And the calculation mode is programmed into a program through a function, so that the precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the corresponding precipitation area can be calculated by inputting the precipitation data at a specific position in the program, and the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area is obtained.
The step S220 is followed by:
s300, according to a preset precipitation color setting rule, color identification is carried out on precipitation data of all precipitation points in the precipitation area, and precipitation distribution conditions of the precipitation area are obtained through rendering.
Specifically, when the calculation function programming is performed, different color identifiers are given to precipitation amounts with different numerical values, for example, colors which can correspond to the precipitation amounts from large to small are dark red, brick red, orange, yellow, light yellow, grass green, medium green, dark green and the like, color gamut superposition of specific colors is expressed as specific precipitation amount numerical values, and the numerical range of the precipitation amount is distributed to bit depth numerical values of R, G, B three colors. It can be understood that different colors can be given to different precipitation amounts according to the habits of users, and the colors can be specifically adjusted according to the requirements.
S400, mapping all precipitation points in the precipitation area to pixels corresponding to the canvas, and corresponding the position information and precipitation data corresponding to all the precipitation points to the pixels one by one to obtain a virtual canvas precipitation distribution graph.
Specifically, all the precipitation points are regarded as macroscopic pixels, the precipitation amount value of each precipitation point is represented by R, G, B, and similarly, corresponding pixels and pixel sizes are represented on canvas, and then all the pixels can form a complete picture.
And S500, displaying the virtual canvas rainfall distribution diagram in a pixelization mode in the canvas to obtain a canvas rainfall distribution picture bearing the rainfall distribution condition of the rainfall area. Understandably, the distribution condition of the precipitation amount can be visually displayed through color distribution through the color assignment of the precipitation points in the precipitation area.
S600, the GIS system at the front end acquires and displays the canvas precipitation distribution picture to form a visual precipitation distribution graph.
After the background programmer successfully assembles the related programs, when the user uses the GIS system, the GIS system can present a precipitation distribution graph so that the user can read precipitation distribution information.
S700, when the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are changed, the precipitation data of all the precipitation points in the precipitation area are correspondingly updated to obtain a new precipitation distribution condition;
updating the canvas rainfall distribution map according to the new rainfall distribution condition;
and the GIS system at the front end acquires and displays a canvas rainfall distribution picture corresponding to the updated canvas rainfall distribution map to form a new visual rainfall distribution map.
It can be understood that when the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are input again in the program, correspondingly, all the precipitation points in the precipitation area can be automatically updated according to the pre-programmed program, so that the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area in a certain period of time in the future can be conveniently predicted according to the real-time precipitation data. Similarly, the acquired precipitation points can be changed or added to realize more accurate precipitation distribution condition prediction, and the longitude and latitude coordinates of the acquired precipitation points can be changed when the precipitation points are changed.
The precipitation data of unknown precipitation points can be calculated according to the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points, and the position information and the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are updated in real time, so that the precipitation distribution condition in the precipitation area can be dynamically updated, and the precipitation change condition and the precipitation change process of the precipitation area are obtained.
The present invention also provides a system for a method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS, comprising a memory 20, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory 20 and configured to be executed by the one or more processors 10, the one or more programs comprising a system for performing the method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS as described above; as described above.
The present invention also provides a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program executable for implementing the method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS as described above; as described above.
In summary, the method, system and storage medium for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS disclosed in the present invention include: acquiring position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points in real time, and calling an area formed by the acquired at least three precipitation points as a precipitation area; and calculating precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area according to the obtained position information and precipitation data of the precipitation points to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area. According to the method, the position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are obtained in real time, precipitation data of unknown precipitation points related to the obtained precipitation points can be calculated according to the spatial geographical positions of the obtained precipitation points, the precipitation data of known limited precipitation points can be obtained, the future precipitation distribution situation of related precipitation areas can be known, reasonable precipitation distribution estimation can be made favorably, citizens can be helped to master precipitation distribution information, and daily activities of citizens are facilitated; meanwhile, the program for predicting precipitation distribution in the invention supports real-time updating of precipitation data, can predict precipitation distribution conditions of a precipitation area in real time, and further shows precipitation change process in a certain time period.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points in real time, and calling an area formed by the acquired at least three precipitation points as a precipitation area;
calculating precipitation data of unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area according to the obtained position information and precipitation data of the precipitation points to obtain precipitation distribution conditions of the precipitation area;
the method for calculating the precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points in the precipitation area according to the position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area specifically comprises the following steps:
analyzing the position information of the obtained precipitation point and the position information of the unknown precipitation point according to a pre-stored autocovariance function to obtain a fitting curve formed by the positions of any precipitation points in the precipitation area;
and obtaining precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points according to the fitted curve and the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points, and displaying the precipitation data of all the precipitation points in the precipitation area to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area.
2. The method for predicting precipitation distribution based on the GIS of claim 1, wherein the position information and precipitation data of at least three precipitation points are obtained in real time, and a precipitation area is formed in an area where the precipitation points are obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring real-time precipitation information of precipitation points transmitted by at least three preset base points in real time, wherein the real-time precipitation information comprises position information and precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points;
appointing a precipitation area where the precipitation points are located according to a preset area range in the precipitation point range;
and representing the positions of the obtained precipitation point and the precipitation area by geographical latitude and longitude.
3. The method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS of claim 1, wherein the precipitation data of the unknown precipitation points are obtained according to the fitted curve and the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points, the precipitation data of all precipitation points are displayed in the precipitation area, and the precipitation distribution of the precipitation area is obtained, and then the method comprises:
and mapping all precipitation points in the precipitation area to pixels corresponding to the canvas, and corresponding the position information and precipitation data corresponding to all the precipitation points to the pixels one by one to obtain a virtual canvas precipitation distribution graph.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of mapping all precipitation points in the precipitation zone to pixels corresponding to canvas, and the step of one-to-one corresponding position information and precipitation data corresponding to all precipitation points to the pixels to obtain a virtual canvas precipitation distribution map comprises the steps of:
and carrying out color identification on precipitation data of all precipitation points in the precipitation area according to a preset precipitation color setting rule, and rendering to obtain the precipitation distribution condition of the precipitation area.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of mapping all precipitation points in the precipitation zone to pixels corresponding to canvas, the step of one-to-one corresponding position information and precipitation data corresponding to all precipitation points to the pixels to obtain a virtual canvas precipitation distribution map, comprises the steps of:
and displaying the virtual canvas rainfall distribution diagram in a pixelization mode in the canvas to obtain a canvas rainfall distribution picture bearing the rainfall distribution condition of the rainfall area.
6. The method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS of claim 5, wherein said pixelating said virtual canvas precipitation distribution map in a canvas results in a canvas precipitation distribution picture bearing precipitation distribution of said precipitation zone, and then comprises:
and the GIS system at the front end acquires and displays the canvas rainfall distribution picture to form a visual rainfall distribution map.
7. The method for predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS of claim 5, wherein the GIS system at the front end obtains and presents the canvas precipitation distribution picture to form a visual precipitation distribution map, and then comprises:
when the precipitation data of the obtained precipitation points are changed, the precipitation data of all the precipitation points in the precipitation area are correspondingly updated to obtain a new precipitation distribution condition;
updating the canvas rainfall distribution map according to the new rainfall distribution condition;
and the GIS system at the front end acquires and displays a canvas rainfall distribution picture corresponding to the updated canvas rainfall distribution map to form a new visual rainfall distribution map.
8. A system for a method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS, comprising a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and wherein the one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors comprise the system for performing the method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS of any of claims 1-7.
9. A storage medium storing a computer program executable to implement the method of predicting precipitation distribution based on GIS of any one of claims 1-7.
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