CN111122769A - Experimental method and experimental device for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles - Google Patents
Experimental method and experimental device for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of regulating and heating solid particles with different sizes to a certain temperature, regulating the speed and the direction of the heated particles, controlling the contact angle of the hot particles and combustible materials, tracking the ignition and collision characteristics of the hot particles to the combustible materials in real time, and further comprises an experimental device for the method. The invention can respectively set corresponding experimental parameters for researching ignition and collision characteristics of combustible materials of different materials under various contact angles of solid particles and combustible materials of different sizes, temperatures and speeds; tracking the change rule of the temperature and the speed of the particles in real time, and recording the shape and structure characteristics of the collision process of the particles and the combustible surface and the flameless pyrolysis and flameless ignition processes in the ignition process; the device can simulate the fire fighting research experiment function of the ignition characteristic test of high-temperature and high-speed particles on combustible under the conventional or extreme fire condition, and can also be used for the collision characteristic test experiment research of the impact of high-temperature moving particles on solid combustible and the deformation test experiment research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fire experiment tests, in particular to an experimental method and an experimental device for researching the ignition characteristic of combustible ignited by high-temperature and high-speed particles.
Background
All fires start at fire and one of the most important tasks in fire incident investigation is to determine how the fire is fired. At present, the academic world divides the ignition into three categories, namely flame (direct contact ignition), radiation (non-contact ignition) and flying fire (non-contact ignition). The flying fire is that the unburnt flaming combustible particles (flying fire particles) are transported to the front of a fire front (a place except for the generation of the flaming particles) under the action of ambient wind, hot airflow or gravity, and ground surface combustible is ignited to form a new fire point when the flying fire falls to the ground, so that the rapid and jump-type spreading of the fire is accelerated. The high-temperature particles in the flying fire ignition are heat conduction heat sources on one hand and can be used as pilot ignition sources of pyrolysis gas on the other hand, so that the ignition mode is different from the ignition mode of the traditional fire spreading (direct contact ignition and non-contact radiation ignition) essentially. The flying particles are essentially a heat source moving at a high temperature and a certain speed, and therefore, research on the ignition characteristics of the high-temperature moving particles is required. Research shows that the flying fire particles generated by the action of environmental wind are one of the main influence factors for accelerating the fire spread, for example, the California fire in 9 months in 2019, and the environmental wind with the speed of over 102 miles (45.6 m/s) is an important reason for promoting the fire spread. Therefore, it is very urgent and necessary to investigate the influence factor of ignition of combustible materials by different impact velocities of high-temperature particles under the action of ambient wind, critical impact velocity, and other problems.
There is currently no experimental device associated with the possibility of high-speed collision of high-temperature particles and ignition of combustible surfaces. The patent document of patent application No. 201910996064.4 discloses a device for accelerating the existing experiment, which is suitable for the experiment of normal temperature wedge body accelerated inclined water entering, and comprises: the device comprises a frame, a water tank placed below the frame, an accelerating device arranged above the frame, a tilting device connected with the frame, a wedge body connected with the tilting device and an observation system. However, it has the following problems: 1. the design of the device is only suitable for the characteristic research of normal temperature wedge body accelerated inclination water entering, and the application range of the experimental device is limited; 2. the device does not realize the automatic control function of starting the cylinder action; 3. the cylinder piston is directly connected with the accelerated device (wedge body), and the timeliness of the action of the cylinder piston is not required.
In conclusion, it is a technical problem to be urgently solved at present to develop a high-temperature and high-speed particle ignition characteristic research method which has the advantages of moderate overall size, wide speed regulation range, lower experimental required conditions and convenient implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a visual experiment method and an experiment device for ignition of solid particles with different sizes, temperatures and speeds after collision with combustible materials made of different materials, which not only have the function of simulating fire fighting research experiments for testing the ignition characteristics of the combustible materials by high-temperature and high-speed particles under the conditions of conventional fire and extreme fire, but also can be used for the experimental research of the collision characteristics and deformation test of the solid combustible materials impacted by high-temperature moving particles.
The invention relates to an experimental method for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles, which is characterized by comprising the following experimental steps:
step S1: regulating and controlling the temperature of solid particles with different sizes;
step S2: adjusting the acceleration size and direction of the solid particles;
step S3: controlling the contact angle of the hot solid particles and the combustible;
step S4: the collision and ignition characteristics of high temperature and high speed particles on combustible materials are tracked in real time.
Preferably, the solid particles are heated in step S1 in that the solid particles are heated to a high temperature state and transported to an acceleration action position.
Preferably, the solid particles are accelerated in step S2, in that the heated solid particles are accelerated to collide with the combustible surface at different angles.
Preferably, the angle of the combustible to the horizontal in step S3 is adjustable so that the solid particles contact the combustible surface at different angles.
An experimental device for the experimental method comprises a solid particle heating subsystem, a solid particle accelerating subsystem, a combustible subsystem and a data monitoring subsystem;
the solid particle heating subsystem is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of solid particles with different sizes and conveying the heated solid particles to the solid particle accelerating subsystem at the rear end of the solid particle heating subsystem;
the solid particle accelerating subsystem is used for adjusting the accelerating size and direction of hot solid particles so that the accelerated hot particles collide with the surface of combustible materials below the hot solid particles at different angles;
the combustible subsystem is used for containing combustible and enabling the combustible to be in contact with the hot solid particles in an angle adjusted along with the rotation of the combustible subsystem;
the data monitoring system is used for monitoring an experimental process.
Preferably, solid particle heating subsystem includes electric heater, temperature measurement part, high temperature controller, granule support subassembly, solid particle and the heating cavity that slides, be equipped with electric heater in the heating cavity, it is connected with high temperature controller through the wire, granule support subassembly that slides transversely runs through the heating cavity, be equipped with temperature measurement part and solid particle in the granule support subassembly that slides, the temperature measurement end of temperature measurement part with solid particle surface contact, the end of temperature measurement part passes through the wire and connects high temperature controller.
Preferably, the particle supporting and sliding assembly comprises a guide pipe and a particle positioning piece, two ends of the guide pipe are opened and transversely penetrate through the heating cavity, and a positioning end of the particle positioning piece penetrates through a front end opening of the guide pipe, is positioned in the guide pipe and fixes solid particles.
Preferably, the solid particle acceleration subsystem includes support, supporting steel plate, acceleration subassembly, strikes subassembly, control system and sensing element, the supporting steel plate is through the rotatable installation of connecting piece with higher speed on the support, install under the supporting steel plate the subassembly with higher speed, the subassembly below is equipped with higher speed strike the subassembly, sensing element establishes solid particle heating subsystem's end, sensing element receive solid particle and leave solid particle heating subsystem's signal and transmit for control system, thereby control system output control signal control acceleration subassembly action drives strikes the subassembly and strikes solid particle.
Preferably, the combustible substance subsystem comprises a sample tray, a weighing element, a fixing plate and a sample frame, wherein the fixing plate is connected with the sample frame through a connecting piece in a rotatable mode, the weighing element is arranged on the fixing plate, and the sample tray frame is arranged on the weighing element.
Preferably, the data monitoring subsystem comprises an infrared imager and a camera. The device can track the temperature and the speed of the solid particle in the motion process in real time, the contact process of the solid particles and combustible materials, and the appearance structure characteristics of the flameless pyrolysis and flameless ignition process in the ignition process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heating and accelerating action of the solid particle heating subsystem and the solid particle accelerating subsystem on the solid particles can be controlled through the linkage of the control system, so that the solid particles are accelerated by the solid particle accelerating subsystem at the moment when leaving the solid particle heating subsystem; the test system can simulate the ignition process of particles with constant temperature and constant speed contacting with combustible substances, and further obtain data of a hot particle ignition control mechanism; the experiment can change the hitting force to simulate the ignition process of igniting combustible substances by hot particles under different wind forces, thereby obtaining the research data of the ignition mechanism of the high-temperature particles by low-speed and high-speed ambient wind; the effect of the above factors on the coupling of the ignition process can also be explored by varying the particle size, temperature and combustible surface angle, species, boundary conditions, etc. The test system can also simulate the collision characteristic and the deformation test function of particles impacting solid combustible at normal temperature, high temperature, low speed and high speed, and can also probe the influence of different temperature, speed and different contact angle conditions of the particles and the combustible on the collision characteristic and the deformation characteristic of the solid combustible.
Drawings
In order that the present invention may be more readily and clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the accelerating component being an elastic component.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure when the accelerating component is an electromagnet.
Wherein: 1-a solid particle heating subsystem, 11-an electric heater, 12-a temperature measuring part, 13-a high-temperature controller, 14-a particle supporting sliding component, 141-a guide pipe, 142-a particle positioning component, 15-a solid particle, 16-a heating cavity, 2-a solid particle accelerating subsystem, 21-a bracket, 22-a supporting steel plate, 23-an accelerating component, 24-a striking component, 25-an accelerating connector, 26-an elastic component, 261-a gear, 262-a chain, 263-a stepping motor, 27-an energy storage stop lever, 28-an electromagnet, 3-a combustible substance subsystem, 31-a sample tray, 32-a weighing element, 33-a fixing plate, 34-a sample frame, 35-a connector and 4-a data monitoring subsystem, 41-infrared imager, 42-camera.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an experimental method for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles, which comprises the following experimental steps:
step S1: regulating and controlling the temperature of solid particles with different sizes;
step S2: adjusting the acceleration size and direction of the solid particles;
step S3: controlling the contact angle of the hot solid particles and the combustible;
step S4: the collision and ignition characteristics of high temperature and high speed particles on combustible materials are tracked in real time.
Wherein, the solid particles are heated in step S1, namely, the solid particles are heated to a high temperature state and transported to an acceleration action position, and the heating method such as resistance heating, induction heating or infrared heating can be used for realizing;
in the step S2, solid particles are accelerated, the process from heating to acceleration of the particles is controlled in a linkage mode, the direction of an acceleration acting force is adjustable, the heated hot solid particles are accelerated to a certain speed and collide the surface of the combustible material at different angles;
in step S3, the angle between the fuel bed and the horizontal plane is adjustable, so that the relative angle between the solid particle velocity direction and the combustible surface can be adjusted, thereby achieving the purpose of simulating different contact relationships between the solid particles and the combustible surface.
The data monitoring of step S4 allows for recording experimental processes such as heating, acceleration, dropping, contact with combustible surfaces, and collision and ignition of combustible particles.
As shown in fig. 1, an experimental apparatus for the experimental method comprises a solid particle heating subsystem 1, a solid particle accelerating subsystem 2, a combustible subsystem 3, and a data monitoring subsystem 4;
wherein, the temperature regulation and control of the solid particles in the step S1 are realized by the solid particle heating subsystem 1, and the heated solid particles are transported to the solid particle accelerating subsystem at the rear end of the solid particle heating subsystem;
solid particle heating subsystem 1 includes electric heater 11, temperature measurement part 12, high temperature controller 13, granule support subassembly 14, solid particle 15 and heating cavity 16 that slides, be equipped with electric heater 11 in the heating cavity 16, it is connected with high temperature controller 13 through the wire, granule support subassembly 14 that slides includes stand pipe 141 and granule setting element 142, the both ends opening of stand pipe 141 just transversely runs through heating cavity 16, the front end opening that the stand pipe 141 was passed to granule setting element 142's location end is located the stand pipe and fixes solid particle 15, the temperature measurement end of temperature measurement part 12 be located the stand pipe 141 and with solid particle surface contact, the end of temperature measurement part 12 passes through wire connection high temperature controller 13.
The electric heater can be realized by a heating method such as resistance heating, induction heating or infrared heating, the heating power is selected according to the required maximum heating temperature, for example, the heating temperature of 1300 ℃ is controlled, and the electric heater can be realized by a silicon carbide rod with the heating power of 2 kW; the temperature measuring part can adopt temperature measuring parts such as a thermocouple, a thermal resistor and the like, monitors the temperature of the solid particles and feeds the temperature back to the high-temperature controller; the high temperature controller can control the electric heater to increase and stabilize the temperature of the solid particles at a set temperature value. The particle supporting and sliding assembly ensures the realization of a steady-state particle heating process, and the particles are moved to the action position of the striking assembly after the heating is finished.
The guide pipe of the particle supporting and sliding assembly is preferably a ceramic pipe, so that solid particles can be prevented from moving in the heating process, long and thin particle positioning pieces such as a metal spoon, a sharp-mouth clamp and the like can be used for fixing the solid particles, and the other end of each particle positioning piece is positioned outside the guide pipe; in order to make the particle positioning piece more stable, a fixing piece can be placed at the front end of the guide tube, and one end of the particle positioning piece, which is positioned outside the guide tube, is fixed on the fixing piece. The heating cavity is obliquely arranged at a certain angle, and after the solid particles are heated to the required temperature, the solid particles are loosened to slide to the solid particle accelerating subsystem at the rear.
Step S2, the acceleration adjustment is performed by a solid particle acceleration subsystem, the solid particle acceleration subsystem 2 includes a support frame 21, a support steel plate 22, an acceleration assembly 23, a striking assembly 24, a control system and a sensing element, the support steel plate 22 is rotatably mounted on the support frame 21 by an acceleration connector 25, the acceleration assembly 23 is mounted below the support steel plate 22, and the striking assembly 23 is preferably a square steel plate and is connected below the acceleration assembly 23; the sensing element is positioned at the tail end opening of the guide pipe, the sensing element and the acceleration assembly are respectively connected with the control system through leads, the sensing element can adopt a gravity sensor, a temperature sensor or a lead with an extremely low melting point and the like, the sensing element transmits a signal of heated solid particles leaving the solid particle heating subsystem to the control system, and the control system outputs a control signal to control the acceleration assembly to act. The accelerating connector 25 can be a bolt knob or the like, and is used for fixing the supporting steel plate 22, when the accelerating direction of the solid particles needs to be adjusted, the accelerating connector 25 is loosened, and the supporting steel plate is rotated to drive the striking assembly to move to a required angle and then is tightened.
The acceleration assembly 23 can be realized by using pneumatic devices, elastic assemblies, electromagnets and other devices for acceleration. Acceleration capability of deviceThe striking acting force is quantified, the striking acting force is selected according to the requirement of the highest external velocity required by the experiment, for example, a pneumatic device obtains 50m/s accelerated particles, and the acceleration is higher than 10 m/s2. The surface of the striking component contacting with the high-temperature particles should be hardened (such as surface ion nitriding) to improve the striking acceleration efficiency.
As shown in fig. 1, when the accelerating assembly 23 is a pneumatic device, the supporting steel plate 22 is located at the upper end of the frame and is vertically connected with the frame, the supporting steel plate 22 can rotate upwards or downwards along the central axis of the supporting steel plate, the pneumatic device can be selected from cylinders such as SDA63 × 50, SDA80 × 50 and SDA100 × 50, the types of the cylinders can be determined according to the striking speed to be achieved, and the piston end below the cylinders is connected with the striking assembly.
As shown in fig. 2, when the acceleration component is an elastic component 26 such as a spring, the supporting steel plate 22 is located at the upper end of the support and is vertically connected with the support, the supporting steel plate 22 can rotate upwards or downwards along the central axis of the supporting steel plate 22, the elastic component 26 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the supporting steel plate 22, the elastic component 26 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the elastic component 24, the energy storage stop lever 27 is further included, the top end of the energy storage stop lever 27 is connected with the driving device after passing through the supporting steel plate 22, the bottom of the impact component 24 is supported by the lower end of the energy storage stop lever 27, the elastic component is compressed to store kinetic energy, when the heated fixed particles are required to be accelerated, the driving device drives the energy storage stop lever to rotate, the lower end of the energy storage stop lever rotates away. In this embodiment, the driving device may adopt a structure including a gear 261 connected to the top of the energy storage bar 27, the gear 261 is connected to a stepping motor 263 through a chain 262, the stepping motor 263 is connected to a control system through a wire, the control system outputs a control signal to the stepping motor 263, and the stepping motor drives the gear 261 to rotate through the chain 262, so as to drive the energy storage bar 27 to rotate; and a driving device with other structures can be adopted, and the energy storage stop lever mainly has the function of driving the energy storage stop lever to rotate.
As shown in fig. 3, when the accelerating assembly 23 is an electromagnet, a push-pull electromagnet may be used, the supporting steel plate 22 is vertically arranged on the bracket and fixed with the accelerating connector 25, any one vertical side wall of the electromagnet 28 is fixed on the supporting steel plate 22, and the piston end at the lower end of the electromagnet 28 is connected with the striking assembly 24. The piston end of the electromagnet reciprocates to drive the striking component to move, so that hot solid particles are accelerated, the supporting steel plate 22 is rotated to drive the electromagnet to rotate, and the striking direction is adjusted.
As shown in fig. 1, the combustible substance subsystem 3 comprises a sample tray 31, a weighing element 32, a fixing plate 33 and a sample holder 34, wherein the fixing plate 31 is horizontally mounted at the upper end of the sample holder 34 through a connecting piece 35, the weighing element 32 is arranged on the fixing plate 33, the sample tray 31 is arranged on the weighing element 32, combustible substances are placed in the sample tray 31, the connecting piece 35 can be a bolt knob or the like, when the contact direction of solid particles and combustible substances needs to be adjusted, the connecting piece 35 is loosened, and the fixing plate is rotated to adjust the contact angle of the solid particles and the hot solid particles.
As shown in fig. 1, the data monitoring subsystem for the experimental process in step S4 includes an infrared imager 41 and a camera 42, where the infrared imager 41 and the camera 42 are located at the rear end of the solid particle accelerator subsystem and the combustible subsystem, and record the temperature and speed of the particle movement process, the contact process of the particle and the sample, and the morphological structure characteristics of the flameless pyrolysis and the flameless ignition process of the ignition process.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all equivalent variations made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental method for simulating the ignition characteristic of high-temperature and high-speed particles is characterized by comprising the following experimental steps:
step S1: regulating and controlling the temperature of solid particles with different sizes;
step S2: adjusting the acceleration size and direction of the solid particles;
step S3: controlling the contact angle of the hot solid particles and the combustible;
step S4: the collision and ignition characteristics of high temperature and high speed particles on combustible materials are tracked in real time.
2. The experimental method for simulating the ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid particles are heated in step S1, and the solid particles are heated to a high-temperature state and transported to an acceleration action position.
3. An experimental method for simulating the ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid particles are accelerated in step S2, and the heated solid particles are accelerated to collide with the surface of combustible materials at different angles.
4. An experimental method for simulating ignition characteristics of high temperature and high speed particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the angle of the combustible substance to the horizontal plane in step S3 is adjustable, so that the solid particles contact with the combustible substance surface at different angles.
5. An experimental device for simulating an experimental method for ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles is characterized by comprising a solid particle heating subsystem, a solid particle accelerating subsystem, a combustible subsystem and a data monitoring subsystem;
the solid particle heating subsystem is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of solid particles with different sizes and conveying the heated solid particles to the solid particle accelerating subsystem at the rear end of the solid particle heating subsystem;
the solid particle accelerating subsystem is used for adjusting the accelerating size and direction of hot solid particles so that the accelerated hot particles collide with the surface of combustible materials below the hot solid particles at different angles;
the combustible subsystem is used for containing combustible and enabling the combustible to be in contact with the hot solid particles in an angle adjusted along with the rotation of the combustible subsystem;
the data monitoring system is used for monitoring an experimental process.
6. The experimental device for simulating the experimental method for the ignition characteristics of the high-temperature and high-speed particles as claimed in claim 5, wherein the solid particle heating subsystem comprises an electric heater, a temperature measuring component, a high-temperature controller, a particle supporting and sliding component, solid particles and a heating cavity, the electric heater is arranged in the heating cavity and connected with the high-temperature controller through a conducting wire, the particle supporting and sliding component transversely penetrates through the heating cavity, the temperature measuring component and the solid particles are arranged in the particle supporting and sliding component, the temperature measuring end of the temperature measuring component is in contact with the surface of the solid particles, and the tail end of the temperature measuring component is connected with the high-temperature controller through a conducting wire.
7. The experimental device for simulating the ignition characteristic of the high-temperature and high-speed particles as claimed in claim 6, wherein the particle supporting and sliding assembly comprises a guide tube and a particle positioning member, two ends of the guide tube are open and transversely penetrate through the heating cavity, and a positioning end of the particle positioning member penetrates through a front end opening of the guide tube, is positioned in the guide tube and fixes the solid particles.
8. The experimental device for simulating the ignition characteristic of the high-temperature and high-speed particles as claimed in claim 5, wherein the solid particle acceleration subsystem comprises a support, a supporting steel plate, an acceleration component, a striking component, a control system and a sensing element, the supporting steel plate is mounted on the support through an acceleration connecting piece, the acceleration component is mounted below the supporting steel plate, the striking component is mounted below the acceleration component, the sensing element is arranged at the tail end of the solid particle heating subsystem, the sensing element receives a signal of the solid particles leaving the solid particle heating subsystem and transmits the signal to the control system, and the control system outputs a control signal to control the acceleration component to act so as to drive the striking component to strike the solid particles.
9. An experimental apparatus for simulating a high-temperature high-speed particle ignition characteristic experimental method according to claim 5, wherein the combustible substance subsystem comprises a sample tray, a weighing element, a fixing plate and a sample holder, the fixing plate is connected with the sample holder through a connecting piece, the weighing element is arranged on the fixing plate, and the sample tray holder is arranged on the weighing element.
10. The experimental apparatus for simulating the ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles as claimed in claim 5, wherein the data monitoring subsystem comprises an infrared imager and a camera.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010143225.8A CN111122769A (en) | 2020-03-04 | 2020-03-04 | Experimental method and experimental device for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010143225.8A CN111122769A (en) | 2020-03-04 | 2020-03-04 | Experimental method and experimental device for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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