CN111120185A

CN111120185A - Mud pulse generator

Info

Publication number: CN111120185A
Application number: CN201911357068.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李代甫
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-12-02
Filing date: 2019-12-25
Publication date: 2020-05-08
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-25
Also published as: CN111120185B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of digital communication, in particular to a mud pulse generator, which comprises a power assembly, an impeller assembly and an impeller speed regulation load assembly, wherein: the power assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and absorbs energy from flowing mud to drive the impeller assembly to rotate; the impeller speed regulation load assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and the impeller speed regulation load assembly regulates and controls the rotating speed of the impeller assembly by changing the load. According to the mud pulse generator, the power assembly directly obtains energy from flowing mud to directly drive the impeller assembly to rotate, and a generator in the prior art is not required to be provided for supplying power to the motor to drive the impeller assembly, so that the miniaturization of equipment is realized; in addition, the power assembly adopts a turbine, and the load assembly adopts a generator assembly and an electrical load assembly, so that the rapid adjustment of the rotating speed of the impeller is realized, and a good foundation is laid for high-speed slurry communication.

Description

Mud pulse generator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of digital communication, in particular to a mud pulse generator.

Background

Rotary mud pulse generators are a well established technology that enables relatively high rate data transmission.

In the prior art, a mud pulse generator generally drives a wave wheel of the mud pulse generator to rotate through a motor, the motor needs to be powered for the motor when the motor works, and a common power supply mode is to arrange a generator for powering the motor, so that not only a group of electromagnetic systems need to be additionally arranged, but also mechanical energy needs to be firstly converted into electric energy and then into mechanical energy in the aspect of energy conversion, great energy loss can be caused in the process of multiple conversion, the reduction of the energy utilization efficiency of the system is caused, and the miniaturization of equipment is not facilitated.

Accordingly, there is a need for an improved mud pulser configuration that overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mud pulse generator, wherein a power assembly directly obtains energy from flowing mud to directly drive an impeller assembly to rotate, a generator in the prior art is not required to be provided for supplying power to a motor to drive the impeller assembly, so that the miniaturization of equipment is realized, in addition, the power assembly directly drives the impeller assembly, and the energy utilization efficiency can be obviously improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mud pulse generator, which is characterized by comprising a power assembly, a pulsator assembly, and a pulsator speed regulation load assembly, wherein: the power assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and absorbs energy from flowing mud to drive the impeller assembly to rotate; the impeller speed regulation load assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and the impeller speed regulation load assembly regulates and controls the rotating speed of the impeller assembly by changing the load.

Further, the mud pulser further comprises a tubular housing and a drive shaft, wherein: two ends of the tubular shell are open, and the middle of the tubular shell is hollow to form a slurry flow channel; the power assembly, the wave wheel assembly and the wave wheel speed regulation load assembly are all arranged in the slurry flow channel and are coaxially connected through a transmission shaft, and the power assembly drives the wave wheel assembly to rotate in a single direction.

Further, the power assembly is a turbine; the impeller subassembly includes impeller and impeller stator, wherein: the impeller is arranged close to the impeller stator, and the impeller assembly changes the contact ratio with the impeller stator through the rotation of the impeller and then changes the resistance of a mud flow channel so that the mud pulse generator sends out mud pulses; the impeller speed governing load subassembly includes generator assembly and electrical load subassembly, wherein: the output end of the generator assembly is connected with the input end of the electrical load assembly.

Further, the generator assembly comprises a generator rotor and a generator stator, wherein: the turbine, the generator rotor and the impeller are coaxially connected.

Further, the turbine of the power assembly is simultaneously used as the impeller of the impeller assembly; or the turbine of the power assembly is simultaneously used as a generator rotor of the generator assembly; or the impeller of the impeller assembly is simultaneously used as a generator rotor of the generator assembly.

Further, the electrical load assembly is an electrical network comprising at least one electronic switch and at least one energy consuming element, wherein: the electric network switches the energy consumption element into or out of the electric network through the electronic switch, and the load size of the electric load assembly is changed.

Further, the mud pulse generator further comprises a control circuit and an angle measuring device, wherein: the angle measuring device is electrically connected with the control circuit and is used for measuring the rotation angle of the impeller and transmitting the rotation angle to the control circuit; the control circuit is electrically connected with the electrical load assembly and used for generating a control signal according to the received rotation angle of the impeller and the underground detection information, transmitting the control signal to the electrical load assembly to regulate and control the load size and controlling the slurry pulse generator to send out slurry pulses.

Further, the dissipative element is a dissipative resistor, wherein: the mud pulse generator reduces the load size of the impeller speed regulation load assembly by increasing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor or switching off the electric network, so as to accelerate the impeller; or the mud pulse generator increases the load of the impeller speed regulation load assembly by reducing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor or short-circuiting the electric network, so as to decelerate the impeller.

Furthermore, the mud pulse generator is made of high-temperature resistant materials and can bear a high-temperature working environment of at least 150 ℃; the control circuit is packaged in the pressure-bearing shell and can bear the pressure of high-pressure slurry of at least 40 MPa; the energy dissipation element is a high-power high-temperature resistor and can bear the high temperature of at least 200 ℃; the output end of the generator component is also electrically connected with underground electric equipment to supply power for the underground electric equipment.

Further, the electrical network further comprises one or more energy storage elements of a capacitor, an inductor, and a rechargeable battery, wherein: when the impeller of the slurry pulse generator decelerates, the generator assembly works in a generator state, the rotating kinetic energy of the impeller is converted into electric energy to be stored in the energy storage element, and the impeller decelerates; when the impeller of the mud pulse generator is accelerated, the generator assembly works in a motor state, and the electric energy extracted from the energy storage element is converted into the rotating kinetic energy of the impeller to accelerate the impeller.

The mud pulse generator has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the mud pulse generator, the power assembly directly obtains energy from flowing mud to directly drive the impeller assembly to rotate, and a generator in the prior art is not required to be provided for supplying power to the motor to drive the impeller assembly, so that the miniaturization of equipment is realized; in addition, the power assembly directly obtains mechanical energy from the slurry to drive the impeller assembly, the energy conversion times are less, and the energy utilization efficiency can be obviously improved.

2. According to the mud pulse generator, the power assembly adopts the turbine, so that the turbine works near the optimal rotating speed, the power of the turbine obtaining energy from flowing mud is ensured to the maximum extent, and the acceleration characteristic of the turbine can be fully ensured.

3. According to the mud pulse generator, the power assembly, the impeller assembly and the impeller speed regulation load assembly are coaxially connected through the transmission shaft, the power assembly directly drives the impeller assembly to rotate in a single direction, the number of intermediate transmission parts is small, the transmission reliability is high, and the driving response is quick.

4. According to the mud pulse generator, the wave wheel speed regulation load assembly comprises the generator assembly and the electrical load assembly, electromagnetic force generated on the generator assembly directly and three-dimensionally wraps and acts on a generator rotor instead of adopting a point application mode, a line application mode or a surface application mode, so that the application of the electromagnetic force controls the transmission response speed to be faster; the impeller is decelerated through a consumption mode, the deceleration characteristic of the impeller is easier to implement by adopting high-power energy consumption, and the impeller is combined with the quick drive response of the turbine, so that the quick adjustment of the rotating speed of the impeller is realized, and a good foundation is laid for high-speed slurry communication.

5. According to the mud pulse generator, the electrical load assembly is an electrical network and comprises at least one electronic switch and at least one energy consumption element, and compared with a mechanical energy consumption mode, the electrical energy consumption mode is adopted, so that the mud pulse generator is high in response speed, flexible to control, convenient to realize, low in cost and capable of implementing very precise and fine time control; through the fine and precise control of the rotating speed of the impeller, for example, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is adopted, the data communication with higher speed, more stability and reliability can be realized.

6. The mud pulse generator also comprises a control circuit and an angle measuring device, so that a control signal is generated according to the rotation angle of the impeller and underground detection information, the control signal is transmitted to the electrical load assembly to regulate and control the load size, and the mud pulse generator is controlled to send out mud pulses, so that the closed-loop control of the relative angle relation between the impeller and the impeller stator is realized, the control effect can be better ensured compared with the open-loop control in the prior art, the accuracy of the angle relation between the impeller and the impeller stator is ensured, and the mud pulse error is further reduced.

7. According to the mud pulse generator, the energy dissipation element is the energy dissipation resistor, so that when the impeller decelerates, energy is mainly generated and consumed through the external energy dissipation resistor, heat dissipation of the energy dissipation resistor is easy to achieve, energy dissipation and heat generation of a generator assembly can be remarkably reduced through energy dissipation of the energy dissipation resistor, and the service life of the generator assembly is prolonged.

8. According to the mud pulse generator, the electric network also comprises one or more energy storage elements of a capacitor, an inductor and a rechargeable battery, energy can be consumed in an energy storage mode, the rotating speed of the impeller is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is higher, and more energy is saved; meanwhile, due to the addition of the energy storage element, the generator assembly can be used as a motor to use an accelerating impeller, so that the dual functions of the generator assembly are realized, and the miniaturization of equipment is utilized; through the energy dump/feedback mode, the advantages of the existing motor drive are combined, the utilization efficiency of energy is improved, the acceleration of the impeller breaks through the upper limit of the acceleration of pure mud drive, and a brand new thought is provided for increasing the communication speed by one step.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mud pulser of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a motor assembly of the mud pulser of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pulsator according to an embodiment of the mud pulse generator of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pulsator stator matched with the pulsator of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a pulsator according to still another embodiment of the mud pulser of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a pulsator stator matched with the pulsator of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of a pulsator speed regulation load assembly of the mud pulser of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of yet another embodiment of a pulsator speed regulation load assembly of the mud pulser of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of a pulsator speed regulation load assembly of the mud pulser of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of yet another embodiment of a pulsator speed regulation load assembly of the mud pulse generator of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-turbine, 2-impeller, 3-generator rotor, 4-impeller stator, 5-generator stator, 6-transmission shaft, 7-tubular shell, 81-coil, 82-output end of generator component, 91-electronic switch, 92-energy dissipation resistor, 93-input end of electrical load component and 94-fixed load;

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a mud pulse generator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a power assembly, a pulsator assembly, and a pulsator speed regulation load assembly, wherein: the power assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and absorbs energy from flowing mud to drive the impeller assembly to rotate; the impeller speed regulation load assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and the impeller speed regulation load assembly regulates and controls the rotating speed of the impeller assembly by changing the load.

Specifically, the power assembly is the turbine 1, the turbine 1 can work near the optimal rotating speed through the design of the number and the angle of the blades of the turbine 1, the power of the turbine 1 obtaining energy from flowing slurry is guaranteed to the maximum extent, the acceleration characteristic of the turbine 1 can be fully guaranteed, the design and the application of the turbine 1 are mature, a person skilled in the art can specifically design or directly purchase the turbine according to the parameters of a slurry flow channel, and the invention is not limited specifically.

Specifically, the impeller subassembly includes impeller 2 and impeller stator 4, wherein: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the impeller 2 and the impeller stator 4 are provided with holes in a matching manner, the impeller 2 is arranged close to the impeller stator 4, and the impeller assembly changes the contact ratio of the holes through the rotation of the impeller 2 and then changes the resistance of a mud flow channel so that the mud pulse generator sends out mud pulses; or, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the wave wheel 2 is a blade wheel, the wave wheel stator 4 is provided with blade holes matched with the blade wheel, the wave wheel 2 is arranged close to the wave wheel stator 4, and the wave wheel component changes the contact ratio with the blade holes through the rotation of the wave wheel 2 and then changes the resistance of a mud flow channel so that the mud pulse generator sends mud pulses. The impeller 2 is arranged close to the impeller stator 4, namely, the impeller 2 and the impeller stator 4 are arranged close to each other, and a certain gap is formed between the impeller 2 and the impeller stator 4, so that the phenomenon that when the impeller stator 4 and the impeller 2 are arranged close to each other and holes are completely blocked, a flow channel is blocked, and an accident caused by overlarge slurry pressure is avoided; when a gap exists between the impeller 2 and the impeller stator 4 in the axial direction and the contact ratio of the holes is zero, slurry can flow into the gap from the impeller holes and then flow out from the impeller stator holes, so that the slurry channel is prevented from being completely blocked; in addition, the axial gap between the impeller 2 and the impeller stator 4 is preferably selected to ensure that the gap provides an overflow area which is between 5% and 20% of the overflow area provided by the fully opened holes. The contact ratio of the impeller 2 and the impeller stator 4 directly influences the overflowing area of the mud flowing through the impeller component, when the overflowing area is large, the mud pressure is low, when the overflowing area is small, the mud pressure is large due to the fact that the flowing of the mud is blocked, mud pulses are formed by the change and the duration time of the mud at different time, a mud pulse sequence is further obtained, the forming mode of the mud pulses is consistent with the generating mode of the rotary mud pulse generator in the prior art, and a person skilled in the art can inquire and understand through the prior art, and the mud pulse generator is not repeated.

Specifically, the impeller speed regulation load assembly can be realized by driving a mechanical brake pad by adopting an electromagnet and an electromagnetic valve, and although the brake device can be made to be very small, the response speed is limited; yet another approach is to "cradle" the rotor with external electrical energy to excite the electromagnetic force, which can solve the problem of fast response, but requires external power supply. Therefore, preferably, the pulsator speed regulation load assembly of the present invention includes a generator assembly and an electrical load assembly, wherein: the output 82 of the generator assembly is connected to the input 93 of the electrical load assembly. More specifically, the generator assembly comprises a generator rotor 3 and a generator stator 5, wherein: the turbine 1, the generator rotor 3 and the impeller 2 are coaxially connected; of course, magnets and/or coils 81 are arranged on the generator rotor 3 and the generator stator 5, respectively, which is the basic principle of the generator and the invention is not explained in more detail. The impeller speed regulation load assembly mainly converts the rotation kinetic energy of the impeller 2 into the electric energy of the generator to be consumed on the electric load assembly, thereby realizing the speed reduction of the impeller 2 through the consumption of the rotation kinetic energy of the impeller 2; the person skilled in the art can control the deceleration and acceleration rate of the pulsator 2 by regulating and controlling the load of the electrical load assembly, the larger the load is, the faster the deceleration is, the smaller the load is, the consumed energy is less than the energy input by the pulsator 2, and the pulsator 2 accelerates. Of course, when the impeller 2 does not need to be decelerated, the electric load component can be selected not to be started, so that the impeller 2 can be freely accelerated under the driving of the turbine 1. It should be noted that, since the turbine 1, the generator rotor 3, and the pulsator 2 of the present invention are coaxially connected, the rotation speeds of the three are identical, and the turbine 1 also performs deceleration when the pulsator 2 decelerates, and the turbine 1 also performs acceleration when the pulsator 2 accelerates, so that the deceleration or acceleration of the pulsator 2 in the present invention can be understood as the deceleration or acceleration of the turbine 1. The reserved energy of the mud pulse generator system is equal to the input energy minus the consumed energy, and the reserved energy can be modulated by modulating the speed of the consumed energy under the condition that the energy input into the system is stable, and finally the modulation of the rotating speed of the impeller rotor is reflected in the invention. The reason why the present invention consumes excess energy electromagnetically is preferred is that this method can achieve very high modulation speeds.

Further, the mud pulse generator further comprises a tubular housing 7 and a drive shaft 6, wherein: the two ends of the tubular shell 7 are open, and the middle of the tubular shell is hollow to form a slurry flow channel; the power assembly, the wave wheel assembly and the wave wheel speed regulation load assembly are all arranged in the slurry flow channel and are coaxially connected through a transmission shaft 6, and the power assembly drives the wave wheel assembly to rotate in a single direction.

Specifically, the tubular housing 7 is mainly used for forming a slurry channel and providing an arrangement space for the turbine 1, the impeller 2 and the generator assembly; the transmission shaft 6 is mainly used for realizing coaxial mechanical connection of the turbine 1, the impeller 2 and the generator rotor 3 and transmitting power; the impeller stator 4 and the generator stator 5 are both fixedly connected with the tubular shell 7. The mud flows into the other end from one end of the mud flow channel and flows out, when the mud flows through the turbine 1, the turbine 1 is driven to rotate, and the turbine 1 obtains energy from the flowing mud and further drives the impeller 2 to rotate through the transmission shaft 6.

According to the mud pulse generator, the power assembly directly obtains energy from flowing mud to directly drive the impeller assembly to rotate, and a generator in the prior art is not required to be provided for supplying power to the motor, so that the miniaturization of equipment is realized; in addition, the power assembly directly obtains mechanical energy from the slurry to drive the impeller assembly, the energy conversion times are less, and the energy utilization efficiency can be obviously improved; the power assembly adopts the turbine 1, and the turbine 1 can work near the optimal rotating speed, so that the power of the turbine 1 obtaining energy from flowing mud is ensured to the maximum extent, and the acceleration characteristic of the turbine 1 can be fully ensured; electromagnetic force generated on the generator component directly and stereoscopically wraps the generator rotor 3 instead of a point application mode, a line application mode or a surface application mode, so that the transmission response speed is controlled by the application of the electromagnetic force to be faster; and through consuming the mode to the impeller 2 and slowing down, guarantee the deceleration characteristic of impeller 2 to implement more easily through the high-power energy consumption, combine together with the quick drive response of turbine 1, realized the quick adjustment of impeller 2 rotational speed, laid a very good basis for high-speed mud communication.

In the above-described embodiment of the mud pulser of the present invention, optionally, the turbine 1 of the power assembly simultaneously serves as the pulsator 2 of the pulsator assembly; alternatively, the turbine 1 of the power assembly simultaneously acts as the generator rotor 3 of the generator assembly; or the wave wheel 2 of the wave wheel assembly is simultaneously used as the generator rotor 3 of the generator assembly. The three modes can further realize the miniaturization of the mud pulse generator.

In the above-described embodiments of the mud pulser of the invention, as shown in fig. 7-10, preferably, the electrical load assembly is an electrical network comprising at least one electronic switch 91 and at least one energy consuming element, wherein: the electrical network switches the energy consuming components into and out of the electrical network via the electronic switch 91, changing the load size of the electrical load assembly.

Specifically, the dissipative element is a dissipative resistor 92, and the dissipative resistor 92 is connected across the output 82 of the generator assembly through an electronic switch 91, wherein: the mud pulse generator reduces the load size of the wave wheel speed regulation load component by increasing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor 92 or switching off the electric network, so as to accelerate the wave wheel 2; or the mud pulse generator increases the load of the impeller speed regulation load component by reducing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor 92 or short-circuiting the electric network, so as to decelerate the impeller 2. The simple description is that: increasing the resistance to reduce the load if acceleration is desired; decreasing the resistance to increase the load if deceleration is desired; the short circuit occurs when the vehicle is decelerated quickly, similar to a hard brake. Preferably, the selection of the resistance of the dissipation resistor 92 should satisfy: during normal operation of the mud pulser, the electronic switch 91 can switch to a condition in which the sum of the power dissipated across all dissipating resistors 92 (including the internal resistance of the generator components) is not less than half the power dissipated by the turbine 1 from the flowing mud during normal operation of the mud pulser. FIG. 7 shows an embodiment comprising an electronic switch 91 and a dissipation resistor 92; FIG. 8 is a non-negligible internal resistance of a generator module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, which is highly loaded and highly decelerated; fig. 9 is an embodiment, which includes a fixed resistor not controlled by the electronic switch 91, and of course, the resistor not controlled by the electronic switch 91 in fig. 9 may be referred to as a fixed load 94, and the fixed load 94 may be a simple resistor or a downhole electrical device, i.e., the output end of the motor assembly may be electrically connected to the downhole electrical device to supply power thereto; fig. 10 shows an embodiment comprising a plurality of electronic switches 91 and a plurality of dissipation resistors 92, which are all within the scope of the present invention, because in an actual product there is a possibility that a multi-phase generator, for example, a three-phase generator, may be used, and these electronic switches 91 are connected to the circuits of each phase.

In the above-described embodiment of the mud pulser of the invention, the mud pulser further comprises a control circuit and an angle measuring device, wherein: the angle measuring device is electrically connected with the control circuit and is used for measuring the rotation angle of the impeller 2 and transmitting the rotation angle to the control circuit; the control circuit is electrically connected with the electrical load assembly and used for generating a control signal according to the received rotation angle of the impeller 2 and the underground detection information, transmitting the control signal to the electrical load assembly to regulate and control the load size and controlling the slurry pulse generator to send out slurry pulses.

Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of the angle measuring device in the present embodiment, the angle measuring device uses an absolute value encoder to perform angle measurement. The contact ratio of the impeller component, namely the blocking state of the slurry flow channel, or the rotation angle of the slurry flow channel to be opened is judged according to the angle signal, and the rotation speed can be calculated according to the angle signal and the time signal, so that whether the impeller 2 needs to accelerate or decelerate can be judged. And determining how wide the pulse is to be sent according to the downhole detection data to be sent (namely the detection data of the downhole equipment received by the control circuit, such as well deviation, direction, pressure and the like), calculating the time required for opening or closing the mud channel according to the pulse width required to be sent and the angle and the angular speed of the impeller 2, carrying out acceleration or deceleration control, and further determining the load to be weighted or lightened according to the acceleration or deceleration requirement, thereby finally forming the mud pulse containing the downhole data information. The best coding mode of the invention is phase modulation and frequency modulation, such as FSK coding, namely, the frequency modulation or phase modulation of mud waves is realized by controlling the rotating speed of the impeller 2 and the width, interval or frequency of mud pulses; this is similar to the information transmitted by the level change of the electrical signal, the invention transmits the information by the fluid pressure size change of the mud pressure signal; the invention has no special requirement on the mode of exciting the mud pulse signal after the impeller 2 rotates, and can be implemented by referring to the structures and principles of other rotary continuous wave mud pulse generators. It should be noted that the specific design, control mode, etc. of the angle measuring device and the control circuit can be implemented by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art or simple design, and the present invention is not limited in detail. It should be noted that the angle measurement device measures not only angle information but also information such as a rotation speed derived from the angle information, time, and the like. In addition, the angle measuring device of the present invention is not limited to the absolute value encoder to measure and further control the rotation angle of the pulsator assembly, but may also be a special way, such as: the output voltage and the output current of the generator assembly are directly measured, the angle is calculated, and particularly when the generator assembly is a multi-phase generator, the implementation mode only needs to arrange a measuring circuit and does not need additional mechanical parts, so that the implementation mode is simpler and easier and has low cost; the purpose of simultaneously measuring the voltage and the current is to estimate the induced electromotive force, estimate the electromotive force through the output voltage and the current of the generator component and further calculate the rotation angle of the generator rotor, and the measuring mode has no technical difficulty for a person skilled in the art.

In the above embodiment of the mud pulse generator of the present invention, the mud pulse generator is made of high temperature resistant materials, that is, the power assembly, the pulsator assembly and the generator assembly are made of high temperature resistant materials, and can bear a high temperature working environment of at least 150 ℃; the control circuit is packaged in the pressure-bearing shell and can bear the high-pressure slurry pressure of at least 40 MPa, so that the control circuit can bear the high-pressure slurry in the drilling underground environment; the energy dissipation element is a high-power high-temperature resistor, can bear the high temperature of at least 200 ℃, is arranged in a good heat dissipation environment, and can quickly dissipate the converted heat energy to avoid burning the energy dissipation element; the output end of the generator component is also electrically connected with underground electric equipment to supply power for the underground electric equipment, so that the energy utilization rate is further improved. The mud pulse generator of this embodiment has realized that mud pulse generator can satisfy the environmental requirement of working in the pit.

In the above embodiments of the mud pulse generator of the invention, the electrical network further comprises one or more energy storage elements of a capacitor, an inductor, a rechargeable battery, wherein: when the impeller 2 of the mud pulse generator decelerates, the generator component works in a generator state, the rotating kinetic energy of the impeller 2 is converted into electric energy to be stored in the energy storage element, and the impeller 2 is decelerated; when the impeller 2 of the mud pulse generator accelerates, the generator assembly works in a motor state, and converts the electric energy extracted from the energy storage element into the rotational kinetic energy of the impeller 2 to accelerate the impeller 2. In addition, the energy storage element is connected with the underground equipment for supplying power, so that electric energy of not less than 2 watts can be supplied to the underground equipment, and the energy is further fully utilized. When the output end of the generator component is connected with underground electric equipment, the underground electric equipment necessarily comprises an internal resistance or an energy consumption resistance of the underground electric equipment as an energy consumption element.

Specifically, when the rotation speed of the impeller 2 needs to be restricted, the rotational kinetic energy of the impeller 2 (including the rotational kinetic energy of other rotating components coaxially connected with the impeller 2, such as the turbine 1) is converted into electrical energy by the generator assembly and stored in the energy storage element, so as to decelerate the impeller 2; when the rotating speed of the impeller 2 needs to be increased, energy is extracted from the energy storage element and is reversely transmitted to the generator assembly, so that the generator assembly works to be in a motor state, electric energy extracted from the energy storage element and reversely transmitted to the generator assembly is converted into the rotating kinetic energy of the turbine 1, and the impeller 2 is accelerated. Thereby endowing the generator component with double roles and utilizing the miniaturization of equipment; through the energy dump/feedback mode, the advantages of the existing motor drive are combined, the utilization efficiency of energy is improved, the acceleration of the impeller 2 can break through the upper limit of the acceleration of pure mud drive, and a brand new thought is provided for increasing the communication speed by one step.

The mud pulse generator consumes energy through the electrical load assembly, and has quick speed regulation response; the generator assembly decelerates, and the electromagnetic load is adopted to avoid the speed reduction caused by additional mechanical control in general mechanical load, so that the speed regulation response agility is further ensured; in addition, the turbine 1 is adopted as a power assembly, the turbine 1 has mature technology, energy can be efficiently obtained from slurry, large energy input is realized, namely, a large driving torque is obtained, the large driving torque can also bring a quick driving response speed to the impeller 2, namely, the advantage of acceleration of the impeller 2 is ensured, and particularly when the turbine 1 works at a better rotating speed. In conclusion, the mud pulse generator is simple in structure, more miniaturized and high in response speed.

As a most preferred embodiment of the mud pulser of the invention, as shown in fig. 1-10:

the mud pulse generator comprises a power assembly, an impeller assembly and an impeller speed regulation load assembly, wherein: the power assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and absorbs energy from flowing mud to drive the impeller assembly to rotate; the impeller speed regulation load assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and the impeller speed regulation load assembly regulates and controls the rotating speed of the impeller assembly by changing the load. The mud pulser also comprises a tubular housing 7 and a drive shaft 6, wherein: the two ends of the tubular shell 7 are open, and the middle of the tubular shell is hollow to form a slurry flow channel; the power assembly, the wave wheel assembly and the wave wheel speed regulation load assembly are all arranged in the slurry flow channel and are coaxially connected through a transmission shaft, and the power assembly drives the wave wheel assembly to rotate in a single direction. Specifically, the power assembly is a turbine 1; the impeller subassembly includes impeller 2 and impeller stator 4, wherein: the impeller 2 is arranged close to the impeller stator 4, and the impeller assembly changes the contact ratio with the impeller stator 4 through the rotation of the impeller 2 and then changes the resistance of a slurry flow channel so that the slurry pulse generator sends out slurry pulses; the impeller speed governing load subassembly includes generator assembly and electrical load subassembly, wherein: the output 82 of the generator assembly is connected to the input 93 of the electrical load assembly. Specifically, the generator assembly comprises a generator rotor 3 and a generator stator 5, wherein: the turbine 1, the generator rotor 3, and the pulsator 2 are coaxially connected. Preferably, the turbine 1 of the power assembly simultaneously serves as the impeller 2 of the impeller assembly; alternatively, the turbine 1 of the power assembly simultaneously acts as the generator rotor 3 of the generator assembly; or the wave wheel 2 of the wave wheel assembly is simultaneously used as the generator rotor 3 of the generator assembly. Specifically, the electrical load assembly is an electrical network comprising at least one electronic switch 91 and at least one energy consuming element, wherein: the electrical network switches the energy consuming components into and out of the electrical network via the electronic switch 91, changing the load size of the electrical load assembly. Further, the mud pulse generator further comprises a control circuit and an angle measuring device, wherein: the angle measuring device is electrically connected with the control circuit and is used for measuring the rotation angle of the impeller and transmitting the rotation angle to the control circuit; the control circuit is electrically connected with the electrical load assembly and used for generating a control signal according to the received rotation angle of the impeller and the underground detection information, transmitting the control signal to the electrical load assembly to regulate and control the load size and controlling the slurry pulse generator to send out slurry pulses. Specifically, the dissipative element is a dissipative resistor 92, wherein: the mud pulse generator reduces the load size of the wave wheel speed regulation load component by increasing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor 92 or switching off the electric network, so as to accelerate the wave wheel 2; or the mud pulse generator increases the load of the impeller speed regulation load component by reducing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor 92 or short-circuiting the electric network, so as to decelerate the impeller 2. Furthermore, the mud pulse generator is made of high-temperature resistant materials and can bear a high-temperature working environment of at least 150 ℃; the control circuit is packaged in the pressure-bearing shell and can bear the pressure of high-pressure slurry of at least 40 MPa; the energy dissipation element is a high-power high-temperature resistor and can bear the high temperature of at least 200 ℃. Further, the electrical network further comprises one or more energy storage elements of a capacitor, an inductor, and a rechargeable battery, wherein: when the impeller of the mud pulse generator decelerates, the generator assembly works in a generator state, the rotating kinetic energy of the impeller 2 is converted into electric energy to be stored in the energy storage element, and the impeller 2 is decelerated; when the impeller of the mud pulse generator is accelerated, the generator assembly works in a motor state, and converts the electric energy extracted from the energy storage element into the rotational kinetic energy of the impeller 2 to accelerate the impeller 2.

It should be noted that, the specific structure, operation principle, etc. of the components involved in this embodiment may refer to the above-mentioned embodiments of the mud pulser, and will not be described herein again.

As a more preferred embodiment of the mud pulser of the invention, as shown in fig. 1-10:

the mud pulse generator comprises a power assembly, an impeller assembly and an impeller speed regulation load assembly, wherein: the power assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and absorbs energy from flowing mud to drive the impeller assembly to rotate; the impeller speed regulation load assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and the impeller speed regulation load assembly regulates and controls the rotating speed of the impeller assembly by changing the load. The mud pulser also comprises a tubular housing 7 and a drive shaft 6, wherein: the two ends of the tubular shell 7 are open, and the middle of the tubular shell is hollow to form a slurry flow channel; the power assembly, the wave wheel assembly and the wave wheel speed regulation load assembly are all arranged in the slurry flow channel and are coaxially connected through a transmission shaft, and the power assembly drives the wave wheel assembly to rotate in a single direction. Specifically, the power assembly is a turbine 1; the impeller subassembly includes impeller 2 and impeller stator 4, wherein: the impeller 2 is arranged close to the impeller stator 4, and the impeller assembly changes the contact ratio with the impeller stator 4 through the rotation of the impeller 2 and then changes the resistance of a slurry flow channel so that the slurry pulse generator sends out slurry pulses; the impeller speed governing load subassembly includes generator assembly and electrical load subassembly, wherein: the output 82 of the generator assembly is connected to the input 93 of the electrical load assembly. Specifically, the generator assembly comprises a generator rotor 3 and a generator stator 5, wherein: the turbine 1, the generator rotor 3, and the pulsator 2 are coaxially connected. Preferably, the turbine 1 of the power assembly simultaneously serves as the impeller 2 of the impeller assembly; alternatively, the turbine 1 of the power assembly simultaneously acts as the generator rotor 3 of the generator assembly; or the wave wheel 2 of the wave wheel assembly is simultaneously used as the generator rotor 3 of the generator assembly. Specifically, the electrical load assembly is an electrical network comprising at least one electronic switch 91 and at least one energy consuming element, wherein: the electrical network switches the energy consuming components into and out of the electrical network via the electronic switch 91, changing the load size of the electrical load assembly. Further, the mud pulse generator further comprises a control circuit and an angle measuring device, wherein: the angle measuring device is electrically connected with the control circuit and is used for measuring the rotation angle of the impeller and transmitting the rotation angle to the control circuit; the control circuit is electrically connected with the electrical load assembly and used for generating a control signal according to the received rotation angle of the impeller and the underground detection information, transmitting the control signal to the electrical load assembly to regulate and control the load size and controlling the slurry pulse generator to send out slurry pulses. Specifically, the dissipative element is a dissipative resistor 92, wherein: the mud pulse generator reduces the load size of the wave wheel speed regulation load component by increasing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor 92 or switching off the electric network, so as to accelerate the wave wheel 2; or the mud pulse generator increases the load of the impeller speed regulation load component by reducing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor 92 or short-circuiting the electric network, so as to decelerate the impeller 2. Furthermore, the mud pulse generator is made of high-temperature resistant materials and can bear a high-temperature working environment of at least 150 ℃; the control circuit is packaged in the pressure-bearing shell and can bear the pressure of high-pressure slurry of at least 40 MPa; the energy dissipation element is a high-power high-temperature resistor and can bear the high temperature of at least 200 ℃.

It should be noted that the turbine 1, the generator rotor 3, and the impeller 2 of the present invention are mechanically connected together, the three rotating members have synchronous acceleration and synchronous deceleration characteristics, and the respective rotational inertias of the three rotating members can be transmitted in real time between the three rotating members, so that the three rotating members are not finely distinguished in order to keep the convenience and simplicity of description when the problems related to the rotational speed and the rotational kinetic energy of the three rotating members are involved. It is to be understood that: the invention necessarily implies that the acceleration of the other two components is carried out when one of the three components is accelerated, and necessarily implies that the deceleration of the other two components is carried out when one of the three components is decelerated; increasing or decreasing the rotational kinetic energy of one of the components necessarily increases or decreases the rotational kinetic energy of the other two components simultaneously.

It should also be noted that the so-called mud pulse is a pressure fluctuation of the mud; the pressure of the slurry is the fluid pressure. The mud pulse can of course also be understood as a change in the speed of movement of the mud, but this must be done in the form of waves and will ultimately be expressed in the form of pressure fluctuations. The electronic switch 91 may be a mechanical relay, a solid-state relay, a CMOS transistor, an IGBT transistor, or the like. The simplest model or implementation mode of the impeller speed regulation load is a variable resistor connected to the output end of the generator assembly, and the resistance value of the variable resistor is changed through connection control or coding control. The impeller speed regulation load assembly is a component for transferring the rotation energy of the impeller 2, and the simple way is to convert the rotation energy of the impeller 2 into heat energy for consumption. Since the pulsator speed-adjusting load assembly is a component that consumes the rotational energy of the pulsator 2 as a whole, the present invention characterizes this component as a load as a whole. The complicated method comprises the steps of taking out and storing energy on the impeller 2 at other places when the impeller 2 needs to be decelerated, and taking out and returning the stored energy to the impeller 2 when the impeller 2 needs to be accelerated.

It should be further noted that, the present invention brakes the generator rotor 3 by short-circuiting the output end of the generator assembly, at the moment of short-circuiting the generator assembly, the rotation speed of the generator rotor 3 is still maintained at the original rotation speed, and the electromotive force output by the generator assembly is still the original electromotive force, but because the loop energy consumption resistor 92 only remains the internal resistance of the generator assembly, and no consideration is given to the complex conditions such as inductance of the coil 81, the output power of the generator assembly is the square of the output electromotive force of the generator assembly divided by the internal resistance of the generator assembly, because the internal resistance of the generator assembly is small, the output power is very large, all of these powers are changed into heat energy on the internal resistance of the generator assembly (i.e. the coil 81 of the generator assembly) and consumed, and this part of energy mainly comes from the rotational inertia energy of the generator rotor, thus, the rotational inertia energy of the generator rotor 3 (including the impeller 2 and the turbine 1) is rapidly reduced, that is, the generator rotor 3 (including the impeller 2 and the turbine 1) is rapidly decelerated. Therefore, when the short circuit occurs, the connected energy consumption element is the coil internal resistance of the generator assembly and is also bridged at the output end of the generator assembly. Note that the term "power generator assembly outputs energy" as used herein does not mean that energy is output outside the physical boundaries of the power generator, but rather that energy is output to the internal resistance of the power generator assembly, i.e., the coils 81 of the power generator, and converted to heat energy. In this way, the coil 81 of the generator can generate heat, and the coil 81 of the generator assembly can be burnt in serious cases, so that good heat dissipation conditions are provided for the coil of the generator assembly in specific engineering application, and proper internal resistance of the coil 81 is designed to control good braking time. In general, the short circuit is not directly performed at the output end of the generator assembly, but the generator assembly is braked by connecting a dissipation resistor 92 with a small resistance value (corresponding to a large power) at the output end of the generator assembly. The internal resistance of the generator component is generally extremely small, when the generator component is externally connected with an energy consumption resistor 92, the total load of the generator component is equal to the internal resistance of the generator and the series resistor of the externally connected energy consumption resistor 92, and the smaller the resistance value of the series resistor is, the heavier the load is; the heavier the load, the more rapidly the energy is consumed; the ratio of the energy consumed by the internal resistance of the generator component to the energy consumed by the external energy consumption resistor 92 is equal to the ratio of the internal resistance of the generator component to the resistance of the external energy consumption resistor 92. Therefore, as long as the internal resistance of the generator assembly is small enough, the energy consumption resistor 92 which is slightly larger is externally connected to the generator assembly, so that the brake effect can be fully ensured, and meanwhile, most of the consumed energy is released to the externally connected energy consumption resistor 92 outside the physical boundary of the generator assembly, and the overheating of the coil 81 of the generator assembly is avoided. The output of the generator assembly is, without being particularly limited to other meanings, the output of the generator in the general sense, i.e. the electrical energy output of the generator, or the output, which may be in particular one or more pairs of poles.

In addition, the turbine, the impeller and the like in the drawings of the specification are schematic diagrams, the specification does not limit whether the turbine is a worm or a turbofan, the turbine and the turbofan are not essentially different from the invention, the difference is only the efficiency of obtaining energy, the rated rotating speed, the adaptive flow speed, the erosion resistance and the like, and the invention is not specifically limited. The generator component can directly adopt a mud generator in the prior art, the mud generator is a mature product and can be purchased, and a person skilled in the art can assemble the impeller and the impeller stator on a shaft of the purchased mud generator, and can obtain the mud pulse generator by an angle sensor and a controllable electric load by referring to the prior art.

Finally, it should be emphasized that rotary mud pulsers are a relatively mature technology, but the major improvements of the mud pulser of the present invention are: the impeller obtains power directly from flowing mud based on a turbine; the control mode of the impeller speed adopts energy consumption to control the rotation speed of the impeller, and the control is the amount of energy consumption, which is different from the conventional energy supply amount to carry out speed control; meanwhile, closed-loop control of the relative angle relation between the impeller and the impeller stator is introduced, so that accurate angle control is realized, and the mud pulse error is reduced.

The present invention has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications made to the above-described embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this specification are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a mud pulser, its characterized in that, includes power component, impeller subassembly and impeller speed governing load subassembly, wherein:

the power assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and absorbs energy from flowing mud to drive the impeller assembly to rotate;

the impeller speed regulation load assembly is mechanically connected with the impeller assembly, and the impeller speed regulation load assembly regulates and controls the rotating speed of the impeller assembly by changing the load.

2. The mud pulser of claim 1, further comprising a tubular housing and a drive shaft, wherein:

the two ends of the tubular shell are open, and the middle of the tubular shell is hollow to form a slurry flow channel;

the power assembly, the impeller assembly and the impeller speed regulation load assembly are all arranged in the slurry flow channel, and are coaxially connected through the transmission shaft, and the power assembly drives the impeller assembly to rotate in a single direction.

3. The mud pulser of claim 1,

the power component is a turbine;

the impeller subassembly includes impeller and impeller stator, wherein: the impeller is arranged close to the impeller stator, and the impeller assembly changes the contact ratio with the impeller stator through the rotation of the impeller and then changes the resistance of a mud flow channel so that the mud pulse generator sends out mud pulses;

the impeller speed governing load subassembly includes generator subassembly and electrical load subassembly, wherein: the output end of the generator assembly is connected with the input end of the electrical load assembly.

4. The mud pulser of claim 3, wherein the generator assembly comprises a generator rotor and a generator stator, wherein:

the turbine, the generator rotor, and the pulsator are coaxially connected.

5. The mud pulser of claim 4, wherein:

the turbine of the power assembly simultaneously serves as the impeller of the impeller assembly;

or, the turbine of the power assembly simultaneously acts as the generator rotor of the generator assembly;

or, the pulsator of the pulsator assembly simultaneously serves as the generator rotor of the generator assembly.

6. The mud pulser of claim 3, wherein the electrical load assembly is an electrical network comprising at least one electronic switch and at least one energy consuming element, wherein:

and the electric network switches the energy consumption element into or out of the electric network through the electronic switch, so that the load size of the electric load assembly is changed.

7. The mud pulser of claim 6, further comprising control circuitry and an angle measurement device, wherein:

the angle measuring device is electrically connected with the control circuit and is used for measuring the rotation angle of the impeller and transmitting the rotation angle to the control circuit;

the control circuit is electrically connected with the electrical load assembly and used for generating a control signal according to the received rotation angle of the impeller and the underground detection information, transmitting the control signal to the electrical load assembly to regulate and control the load size and controlling the slurry pulse generator to send out slurry pulses.

8. The mud pulser of claim 6, wherein the dissipative element is a dissipative resistor, wherein:

the mud pulse generator reduces the load size of the wave wheel speed regulation load assembly by increasing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor or breaking the electric network, so as to accelerate the wave wheel;

or the mud pulse generator increases the load of the impeller speed regulation load assembly by reducing the resistance value of the energy consumption resistor or short-circuiting the electrical network, so as to decelerate the impeller.

9. The mud pulser of claim 7,

the mud pulse generator is made of high-temperature resistant materials and can bear a high-temperature working environment at least 150 ℃;

the control circuit is packaged in the pressure-bearing shell and can bear the pressure of high-pressure slurry of at least 40 MPa;

the energy dissipation element is a high-power high-temperature resistor and can bear the high temperature of at least 200 ℃;

the output end of the generator component is also electrically connected with underground electric equipment to supply power for the underground electric equipment.

10. The mud pulser of any of claims 6-9, wherein the electrical network further comprises one or more energy storage elements of a capacitor, an inductor, and a rechargeable battery, wherein:

when the impeller of the mud pulse generator decelerates, the generator assembly works in a generator state, the rotating kinetic energy of the impeller is converted into electric energy to be stored in the energy storage element, and the impeller is decelerated;

when the impeller of the mud pulse generator is accelerated, the generator assembly works in a motor state, converts electric energy extracted from the energy storage element into rotary kinetic energy of the impeller, and accelerates the impeller.