CN111119803A - Shaped charge liner of large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Shaped charge liner of large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111119803A CN111119803A CN201911406739.1A CN201911406739A CN111119803A CN 111119803 A CN111119803 A CN 111119803A CN 201911406739 A CN201911406739 A CN 201911406739A CN 111119803 A CN111119803 A CN 111119803A
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- powder
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/06—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shaped charge liner of a large-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet and a preparation method thereof, wherein the formula of the shaped charge liner comprises electrolytic copper powder, bismuth powder and tungsten powder, and the shaped charge liner is characterized in that: the composition also comprises bismuth powder, lead powder, aluminum powder, tin powder, iron powder, zinc powder and lubricating oil; the problem that the existing liner can not release a large amount of heat energy, and can only utilize high-speed metal flow to impact a target body to complete the formation of a pore channel, so that the expected jet flow quality and speed distribution can be obtained only by the liner with a complex structure is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet for oil and gas well perforation.
Background
The deep penetration perforating bullet takes the perforation depth in a target as a main evaluation index, and has lower requirement on the aperture of the casing; the large-aperture perforating bullet takes the aperture of a casing in a target as a main evaluation index, and has low requirement on the perforating depth; the large-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet combines the advantages of two kinds of perforating bullets, and provides a larger casing aperture while keeping the perforation depth requirement of the deep penetration perforating bullet, thereby facilitating hydraulic fracturing during well completion.
The design mode of the large-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet adopts the design concept of a multi-cone-shaped powder liner, the velocity difference of explosive detonation waves for driving the powder liner with different cone angles and wall thicknesses (quality) towards the axis is utilized, the distance difference from the position of a infinitesimal to the convergence axis is combined, and the mass (diameter) of jet flow is redistributed through convergence, pursuit, superposition and the like of the jet flow, so that the diameter of the jet flow is the largest when the jet flow contacts the sleeve pipe, and the ideal sleeve pipe aperture is obtained. The formula of the shaped charge liner adopts 35-50% of electrolytic copper powder, 15-40% of bismuth powder, 30-50% of tungsten powder and 10-15% of molybdenum powder, and is adjusted according to different designs. In the jet flow target breaking process, all components of the formula cannot perform metal combination reaction with a target material, cannot form metal bonds and release a large amount of heat energy, and only can impact a target body by utilizing high-speed metal flow to complete the formation of a pore channel, so the diameter and the quality of jet flow when impacting a sleeve are required to be improved.
Therefore, in order to maximize the mass and the diameter of the jet flow of the part impacting the sleeve, a multi-cone liner structure as shown in figure 1 is adopted, the angles α 1, β 1, β 22, β 02, β 43, β 13 and H1, H2 and H3 of the multi-cone liner are different, and the design rule is that β 62 is greater than α 1 and greater than α 3, β 32 is greater than β 51 and greater than β 73, α 1 is greater than or equal to β 1, α 2 is greater than or equal to β 2 and α 3 is greater than or equal to β 3.
The detonation wave generated by explosive detonation drives all parts of the liner to converge towards the axis at high speed, the detonation wave drives the liner part formed by α 1 and β 1 with smaller tip angle at the top end of the liner at first, then drives the liner formed by β 02 and β 12 with larger taper angle, and finally drives the liner formed by α 3 and β 3 with smallest taper angle, the jet speed of the liner formed by α 2 and β 2 with larger taper angle is lowest, but is nearest to the convergence point, the jet flow of the liner formed by α 1 and β 1 with smaller taper angle reaches the convergence point, the two jet flows collide with each other due to larger difference of speed, so that the jet flow is enabled to redistribute the speed and the mass, and finally, the jet flow generated by the liner formed by α 3 and β 3 with smallest taper angle under the action of the detonation wave reaches the convergence point, collides with the previously formed jet flow for the second time, and exchanges energy, the speed and the mass of the liner are enabled to redistribute, so that the jet flow speed and the mass of the liner can not be superposed, and the jet flow velocity and the ideal distribution can be obtained if any desired distribution range can not be superposed.
In view of the above-mentioned characteristics of the multi-cone liner structure, the conventional liner of the large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge has the following main problems:
(1) the design difficulty is big: the multi-cone shaped charge liner has large cone angle change, formed jet flows with different speeds and qualities are converged, pursued and overlapped, the control is difficult, each type of large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge needs to be designed independently, and the jet flow with proper accumulation effect can be obtained through a large number of experiments by adjusting the angle and the length of each cone angle;
(2) the production is difficult: the mold has high processing precision requirement and high manufacturing cost, and during the production of the shaped charge liner, because the taper angle is continuously changed, the wall thickness control difficulty of the shaped charge liner is high, the mass symmetry degree in the bus direction easily exceeds the design requirement, so that jet flow is converged, pursued and the error is increased when superposed, and the phenomenon that the jet flow speed and the mass distribution difference formed by the perforating bullets of the same model are large is difficult to form an ideal jet flow speed and mass distribution rule, so that the aperture size of the sleeve formed by the jet flow is inconsistent, and the perforation depth difference in a concrete target (oil gas reservoir) is large. The difference can only press apart part of perforation tunnels in the hydraulic fracturing process of well completion, and the pressure required by fracturing is larger, which is not beneficial to the production of oil and gas wells.
(3) The variety is few, the cost is high, and the well completion requirement is difficult to meet: due to the large design difficulty and production difficulty and unstable performance, the price is high, and the market demand cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a liner for a large-aperture deep-penetrating perforating charge, which solves the problem that the existing liner can only impact a target body with a high-speed metal flow to complete the formation of a pore passage because a large amount of heat energy cannot be released, so that the liner with a complicated structure is required to obtain the expected jet flow quality and velocity distribution.
In addition, the invention provides a preparation method of the liner of the large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge.
In a first aspect, the shaped charge liner of the large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge comprises electrolytic copper powder, bismuth powder and tungsten powder, and is characterized in that:
the composition also comprises bismuth powder, lead powder, aluminum powder, tin powder, iron powder, zinc powder and lubricating oil.
Preferably, the compositions in percentage by mass are respectively:
10-35% of tungsten powder, 30-45% of electrolytic copper powder, 9-15% of bismuth powder, 17-26% of lead powder, 1-9% of aluminum powder, 1-7% of tin powder, 0.2-3% of iron powder, 0.1-7% of zinc powder and 0.05-0.1% of lubricating oil.
Preferably, the liner is tapered.
Preferably, the taper is of a single taper type.
In a second aspect, a method for preparing a liner of a large-aperture deep-penetration perforating charge comprises a powder mixing step, and is characterized in that:
the powder mixing step is to uniformly mix the lubricating oil and the electrolytic copper powder according to the composition and the content of the shaped charge liner, add the rest components, and continuously mix the components to obtain mixed powder;
the mixed powder is used as a raw material for preparing the liner.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the liner of the invention utilizes the three-high area formed when the jet flow of the perforating bullet impacts the casing at extremely high speed, namely the area with high temperature, high pressure and high strain rate to melt or partially melt the metal components of the jet flow and the casing, so as to initiate the violent reaction between the metal elements to generate metal bonds, and form metal compounds, such as CuZn and Cu9Al4、Cu3Sn、 Cu5Zn8、Fe5Zn21、Cu31Sn8When a large amount of heat energy is released, metal with a lower boiling point is gasified, the volume is expanded rapidly, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas presses the metal around the sleeve hole channel which is softened by jet impact to remove the metal, so that the diameter of the sleeve hole is increased;
when the jet flow enters a concrete target (an oil and gas reservoir), the jet flow continuously carries out high-speed impact in a three-high region, intermetallic reaction is continuously carried out, meanwhile, partial components in the jet flow also carry out high-speed chemical reaction with water molecules in a pore channel to generate gas and release a large amount of heat energy to form high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so that the compaction zone of the pore channel wall is broken and burned, and refluence is generated in a shaft, the effects of expanding the perforation aperture, breaking the perforation compaction zone, increasing the permeability and removing debris in the pore channel are achieved, and convenience is provided for well completion operations such as hydraulic fracturing;
compared with the large-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet designed by the traditional jet flow catch-up type multi-cone liner structure, the single-cone liner has the characteristics of simple structure, obviously reduced processing technology requirements, consistent product performance, uniform sleeve aperture and perforation depth and obviously reduced cost.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-cone liner according to the background art of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single cone liner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
α - β;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a large aperture deep penetration charge configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 shell, 2 explosives and 3 liner.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below based on examples, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth. However, the present invention may be fully understood by those skilled in the art for those parts not described in detail.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of illustrating the invention, features and advantages thereof, and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Also, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, the meaning of "includes but is not limited to".
Examples
1. The formula of the liner of the large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge comprises the following components:
2. powder mixing:
① calculating the mass of each component required by the mixed powder according to the capacity of the stirrer and the actual required amount;
② adding the lubricating oil into 1/5 electrolytic copper powder, stirring for 3-5 minutes until no obvious agglomeration exists, (the step can ensure the uniformity of the lubricating oil in the mixed powder);
③ adding the rest electrolytic copper powder, stirring for 5-10 min (this step can make the lubricant oil distribute more evenly);
④ sieving the rest metal powder with 100 mesh sieve, and adding into the electrolytic copper powder;
⑤ stirring for 30-50 min;
⑥, during the mixing process, preventing the impurities from entering, visually checking whether there is agglomeration after mixing, and repeating step ⑤ if there is agglomeration;
⑦ transferring the mixed powder to a tray, spreading, and keeping dust free, wherein the thickness of the powder is less than 5 cm.
3. Make into a shaped charge cover
And (3) preparing the powder material obtained in the powder mixing step into the single-cone liner shown in the figure 2.
4. The resulting charge was formed into a large aperture deep penetrating charge as shown in figure 3.
Examples of the experiments
According to the general technical standard of oil and gas well shaped perforating equipment (GB/T20489-2006) and the performance test method of the oil and gas well shaped perforating equipment (GB/T20488-2006), experimental perforating bullets are loaded into the same perforating gun, a perforating experiment of concrete target gun loading under the ground condition is carried out, and the same production process is adopted for production of the shaped charge cover and the perforating bullets.
Experimental example 1
Experimental data comparing the performance of type 102 perforating gun, type 140 casing deep penetration perforating charge and the large aperture deep penetration perforating charge of the examples
Experimental example two
Experimental data comparing performances of 89 type perforating gun, 140 type sleeve deep penetration perforating charge and large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge of the example
Experimental example III
Experimental data comparing performances of 73-type perforating gun, 140-type sleeve deep penetration perforating charge and large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge of the example
Experiments show that the structure of the original deep penetration perforating bullet is not changed, after a new liner formula is used, the aperture of the casing is improved by 35-45%, the perforation depth is basically kept unchanged, and the performance requirement of the market on the large-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet can be met.
The novel large-aperture deep-penetration liner formula can be directly popularized and used under the condition of not changing the liner and perforating charge tools, dies and production processes, and the die processing cost is reduced by 30-40% and the liner production cost is reduced by 25-30% through measurement and actual production.
In addition, the new formula can effectively eliminate the influence of the perforation compaction zone while increasing the pore volume.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely embodiments for expressing the invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, substitutions of equivalents, improvements and the like can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A shaped charge liner of large-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet comprises electrolytic copper powder, bismuth powder and tungsten powder, and is characterized in that:
the composition also comprises bismuth powder, lead powder, aluminum powder, tin powder, iron powder, zinc powder and lubricating oil.
2. The liner of a large-aperture deep-penetration perforating charge of claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the components are:
10-35% of tungsten powder, 30-45% of electrolytic copper powder, 9-15% of bismuth powder, 17-26% of lead powder, 1-9% of aluminum powder, 1-7% of tin powder, 0.2-3% of iron powder, 0.1-7% of zinc powder and 0.05-0.1% of lubricating oil.
3. The liner for a large aperture deep penetration perforating charge of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the liner is conical.
4. The liner for a large aperture deep penetration perforator charge of claim 3 wherein:
the cone is of a single cone type.
5. A preparation method of a shaped charge liner of a large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge comprises a powder mixing step, and is characterized in that:
the powder mixing step is to mix the lubricating oil and the electrolytic copper powder uniformly according to the composition and the content of the claim 2, then add the rest components and continue mixing uniformly to obtain mixed powder;
the mixed powder is used as a raw material for preparing the liner.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911406739.1A CN111119803B (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Shaped charge liner of large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911406739.1A CN111119803B (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Shaped charge liner of large-aperture deep penetration perforating charge and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111119803A true CN111119803A (en) | 2020-05-08 |
| CN111119803B CN111119803B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2817239C1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-04-11 | Акционерное общество "Уралэлектромедь" | Composition of mixture for making outer lining of shaped charges |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1954944A (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-05-02 | 贝克休斯公司 | Injection shaped cover of shaped charge |
| CN101393000A (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-25 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Shaped charge liner and perforating gun |
| CN102182432A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-09-14 | 大庆石油管理局 | Secondary explosion energy-releasing liner |
| US20130327571A1 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Utilization of spheroidized tungsten in shaped charge systems |
| CN105545261A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-04 | 北方斯伦贝谢油田技术（西安）有限公司 | Fracturing perforating bullet for oil and gas wells and shaped charge cover material thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-12-31 CN CN201911406739.1A patent/CN111119803B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1954944A (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-05-02 | 贝克休斯公司 | Injection shaped cover of shaped charge |
| CN101393000A (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-25 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Shaped charge liner and perforating gun |
| CN102182432A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-09-14 | 大庆石油管理局 | Secondary explosion energy-releasing liner |
| US20130327571A1 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Utilization of spheroidized tungsten in shaped charge systems |
| CN105545261A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-04 | 北方斯伦贝谢油田技术（西安）有限公司 | Fracturing perforating bullet for oil and gas wells and shaped charge cover material thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2817239C1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-04-11 | Акционерное общество "Уралэлектромедь" | Composition of mixture for making outer lining of shaped charges |
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| CN111119803B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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Effective date of registration: 20220113 Address after: 163453 Heilongjiang Province, Daqing City Ranghulu District Central Street No. 263 Applicant after: DAQING PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATION Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM Corp. Applicant after: DAQING OILFIELD PERFORATION EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Address before: 163453 Heilongjiang Province, Daqing City Ranghulu District Central Street No. 263 Applicant before: DAQING PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATION Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: Daqing Oilfield perforating equipment Co., Ltd; |
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