CN111118408A - Oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material - Google Patents
Oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Abstract
The invention discloses an oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material, which mainly comprises 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C, wherein the steel-bonded hard alloy integrates the characteristics of steel and hard alloy, and has unique performance, firstly, the steel-bonded hard alloy material has good wear resistance, a steel matrix forms martensite in a quenching state, the high hardness and the high wear resistance are jointly endowed to the material, the steel matrix plays a role in supporting and transferring load to a hard phase, the material has higher toughness, and simultaneously, the requirements of machining can be met, so that the requirements of the material under different working environments are met, and the alloy is beneficial to the machinability of the alloy, the wear resistance which the alloy material should have can not be reduced, good comprehensive performance can be obtained, and the problem that the existing antioxidant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material can not reach enough hardness and wear resistance during preparation is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to an antioxidant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material.
Background
The alloy material is made of hard compound of refractory metal and binding metal by powder metallurgy process, and has a series of excellent properties of high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, especially high hardness and wear resistance.
The prior method for preparing the oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material has the following problems: the existing method for preparing the oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material can completely lose the processing property when the content of a steel matrix in the steel bonded hard alloy is lower than a certain quality, and is similar to the processing property of common hard alloy, on the contrary, if the content of matrix steel is too high, the wear resistance of the whole alloy can be influenced, and the service performance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antioxidant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material to solve the problem that the existing antioxidant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material in the background art cannot achieve enough hardness and wear resistance during preparation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the antioxidant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material mainly comprises 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material are as follows:
firstly, weighing sufficient 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C;
step two, putting 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C into an intermediate frequency furnace for high temperature operation, heating to 800-;
step three, adding 0.41 part of pig iron and 0.06 part of ferrosilicon into the intermediate frequency furnace, carrying out recarburization and silicon-adding, and adding a deslagging agent to remove slag after melting;
casting a sand mold by using a ladle, wherein the sand mold is formed by a V method, the casting temperature is 1550 ℃, the time from tapping to completion of casting is 9 minutes, and a casting obtained after the casting is completed is a cast steel material casting;
fifthly, placing the mixed materials in a single-screw extruder for blending, and granulating to obtain a solid substance;
sixthly, cutting the mixed solid substance into pieces, taking out the pieces, and feeding the pieces into a forming device for preforming, wherein the forming pressure is 4-6MPa, and the pieces are taken out after 15-20 seconds;
step seven, placing the molded pressing blank into a preheated mold, pressurizing to 6-7MPa at the temperature of 140-160 ℃ on a flat vulcanizing machine, continuing for a period of time under the pressurized pressure, and then cooling the temperature;
step eight: the diffusion annealing method for homogenizing the chemical components of the alloy casting and improving the service performance of the alloy casting comprises the steps of heating the casting to the highest temperature on the premise of no melting, preserving heat for a long time, and slowly cooling after various elements in the alloy are diffused and tend to be uniformly distributed;
step nine: and then pressing the mixture, introducing the pressed mixture into a forming device for forming, and then carrying out shot blasting on the casting for 20-25 minutes to remove oxide skin, sand grains and coating shells on the surface of the casting.
Preferably, the annealing process of the alloy material is as follows:
first, complete annealing
Aims to refine grains, homogenize the structure, eliminate internal stress and processing defects, reduce the hardness, improve the cutting processing performance and the cold plastic deformation capacity and be used for refining coarse overheated structures with poor mechanical properties after casting, forging and welding of medium and low carbon steel. Heating the workpiece to 30-50 deg.c higher than the temperature of ferrite transforming into austenite, maintaining for some time, cooling slowly, and re-transforming austenite to thin steel structure.
Second, folding spheroidizing annealing
The method is used for reducing the higher hardness of the forged tool steel and bearing steel. The workpiece is heated to 20 to 40 ℃ above the temperature at which the steel begins to form austenite, the workpiece is slowly cooled after heat preservation, and lamellar cementite in the pearlite is changed into spheres in the cooling process, so that the hardness is reduced.
Three, folding isothermal annealing
The high hardness of some structural alloy steels with high nickel and chromium contents is reduced for cutting. Generally, the austenite is cooled to the temperature at which the austenite is most unstable at a higher speed, the temperature is kept for a proper time, the austenite is converted into troostite or sorbite, the hardness can be reduced, and recrystallization annealing is used for eliminating the hardening phenomenon of metal wires and sheets in the processes of cold drawing and cold rolling, so that the hardness is increased and the plasticity is reduced. The heating temperature is generally 50 to 150 c below the temperature at which the steel begins to form austenite, only so that the work hardening effect is eliminated and the metal is softened.
Fourth, annealing of folded graphite
To convert cast iron containing a large amount of cementite into malleable cast iron having good plasticity. The technological operation is that the casting is heated to about 950 ℃, and is cooled properly after heat preservation for a certain time, so that cementite is decomposed to form flocculent graphite.
Fifthly, folding diffusion annealing
The method is used for homogenizing the chemical components of the alloy casting and improving the service performance of the alloy casting. The method is that under the premise of not melting, the casting is heated to the highest temperature, and is kept warm for a long time, and after various elements in the alloy are diffused and tend to be evenly distributed, the casting is slowly cooled.
Sixthly, folding stress relief annealing
The internal stress of the steel casting and the welding parts is eliminated. The temperature of the steel product which starts to form austenite after being heated is 100 to 200 ℃, and the steel product is cooled in the air after heat preservation, so that the internal stress can be eliminated.
Seven, folding incomplete annealing
The heating temperature is between Ac1 and Accm, the cooling speed is above 500 to 600 ℃, the carbon steel is 100 to 200 ℃/h, the alloy steel is 50 to 100 ℃/h, and the high alloy steel is 20 to 60 ℃/h, and the method is mainly used for hypereutectoid steel.
Eight, folding postweld annealing
The annealing equipment adopts pure Fe as filling metal to perform TIG welding test on YG30 hard alloy and 45 steel, a scanning electron microscope is utilized to analyze the structure morphology of the YG30 welding seam interface area before and after annealing, industrial pure Fe is used as filling metal, the welded η phase is unchanged after annealing at 1050 ℃, a new η phase is generated after annealing at 1150 ℃, the η phase is increased along with the increase of annealing temperature and the prolonging of heat preservation time, the new η phase nucleates at the WC-gamma phase boundary during annealing, and WC grains are grown and distributed at the WC grain boundary.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an antioxidant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material, which has the following beneficial effects:
the steel bonded hard alloy integrates the characteristics of steel and hard alloy, forms unique performance, has good wear resistance, forms martensite in a steel matrix in a quenching state, gives high hardness and high wear resistance to the material together, and plays a role in supporting and transferring load to the hard phase, so that the material has high toughness and can meet the requirements of machining, thereby meeting the requirements of the material in different working environments.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a technical scheme that:
the antioxidant high temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material has the main formula comprising 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C.
The preparation method of the oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing sufficient 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C;
step two, putting 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C into an intermediate frequency furnace for high temperature operation, heating to 800-;
step three, adding 0.41 part of pig iron and 0.06 part of ferrosilicon into the intermediate frequency furnace, carrying out recarburization and silicon-adding, and adding a deslagging agent to remove slag after melting;
casting a sand mold by using a ladle, wherein the sand mold is formed by a V method, the casting temperature is 1550 ℃, the time from tapping to completion of casting is 9 minutes, and a casting obtained after the casting is completed is a cast steel material casting;
fifthly, placing the mixed materials in a single-screw extruder for blending, and granulating to obtain a solid substance;
sixthly, cutting the mixed solid substance into pieces, taking out the pieces, and feeding the pieces into a forming device for preforming, wherein the forming pressure is 4-6MPa, and the pieces are taken out after 15-20 seconds;
step seven, placing the molded pressing blank into a preheated mold, pressurizing to 6-7MPa at the temperature of 140-160 ℃ on a flat vulcanizing machine, continuing for a period of time under the pressurized pressure, and then cooling the temperature;
step eight: the diffusion annealing method for homogenizing the chemical components of the alloy casting and improving the service performance of the alloy casting comprises the steps of heating the casting to the highest temperature on the premise of no melting, preserving heat for a long time, and slowly cooling after various elements in the alloy are diffused and tend to be uniformly distributed;
step nine: and then pressing the mixture, introducing the pressed mixture into a forming device for forming, and then carrying out shot blasting on the casting for 20-25 minutes to remove oxide skin, sand grains and coating shells on the surface of the casting.
The annealing process of the alloy material comprises the following steps:
first, complete annealing
Aims to refine grains, homogenize the structure, eliminate internal stress and processing defects, reduce the hardness, improve the cutting processing performance and the cold plastic deformation capacity and be used for refining coarse overheated structures with poor mechanical properties after casting, forging and welding of medium and low carbon steel. Heating the workpiece to 30-50 deg.c higher than the temperature of ferrite transforming into austenite, maintaining for some time, cooling slowly, and re-transforming austenite to thin steel structure.
Second, folding spheroidizing annealing
The method is used for reducing the higher hardness of the forged tool steel and bearing steel. The workpiece is heated to 20 to 40 ℃ above the temperature at which the steel begins to form austenite, the workpiece is slowly cooled after heat preservation, and lamellar cementite in the pearlite is changed into spheres in the cooling process, so that the hardness is reduced.
Three, folding isothermal annealing
The high hardness of some structural alloy steels with high nickel and chromium contents is reduced for cutting. Generally, the austenite is cooled to the temperature at which the austenite is most unstable at a higher speed, the temperature is kept for a proper time, the austenite is converted into troostite or sorbite, the hardness can be reduced, and recrystallization annealing is used for eliminating the hardening phenomenon of metal wires and sheets in the processes of cold drawing and cold rolling, so that the hardness is increased and the plasticity is reduced. The heating temperature is generally 50 to 150 c below the temperature at which the steel begins to form austenite, only so that the work hardening effect is eliminated and the metal is softened.
Fourth, annealing of folded graphite
To convert cast iron containing a large amount of cementite into malleable cast iron having good plasticity. The technological operation is that the casting is heated to about 950 ℃, and is cooled properly after heat preservation for a certain time, so that cementite is decomposed to form flocculent graphite.
Fifthly, folding diffusion annealing
The method is used for homogenizing the chemical components of the alloy casting and improving the service performance of the alloy casting. The method is that under the premise of not melting, the casting is heated to the highest temperature, and is kept warm for a long time, and after various elements in the alloy are diffused and tend to be evenly distributed, the casting is slowly cooled.
Sixthly, folding stress relief annealing
The internal stress of the steel casting and the welding parts is eliminated. The temperature of the steel product which starts to form austenite after being heated is 100 to 200 ℃, and the steel product is cooled in the air after heat preservation, so that the internal stress can be eliminated.
Seven, folding incomplete annealing
The heating temperature is between Ac1 and Accm, the cooling speed is above 500 to 600 ℃, the carbon steel is 100 to 200 ℃/h, the alloy steel is 50 to 100 ℃/h, and the high alloy steel is 20 to 60 ℃/h, and the method is mainly used for hypereutectoid steel.
Eight, folding postweld annealing
The annealing equipment adopts pure Fe as filling metal to perform TIG welding test on YG30 hard alloy and 45 steel, a scanning electron microscope is utilized to analyze the structure morphology of the YG30 welding seam interface area before and after annealing, industrial pure Fe is used as filling metal, the welded η phase is unchanged after annealing at 1050 ℃, a new η phase is generated after annealing at 1150 ℃, the η phase is increased along with the increase of annealing temperature and the prolonging of heat preservation time, the new η phase nucleates at the WC-gamma phase boundary during annealing, and WC grains are grown and distributed at the WC grain boundary.
The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows:
firstly, weighing sufficient 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C, placing 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C in an intermediate frequency furnace for high temperature operation, heating to 800-1200 ℃, mixing for 8-12 minutes, adding 0.41 part of pig iron and 0.06 part of ferrosilicon in the intermediate frequency furnace for recarburization and silicon increment, adding a deslagging agent after melting, casting a sand mold by using a steel-in-water package method, casting a sand mold by a V method, casting at 1550 ℃ for 9 minutes from tapping to finishing, the casting obtained after the casting is the casting of the cast steel material, the mixed material is placed in a single screw extruder for mixing and granulation to obtain a solid substance, the mixed solid substance is sliced and taken out, the slice is sent into a forming device for preforming, the forming pressure is 4-6MPa, the slice is taken out after 15-20 seconds, the formed pressing blank is placed in a preheated die, then the pressing blank is pressurized to 6-7MPa on a flat vulcanizing machine at the temperature of 140 ℃ and 160 ℃ and is kept for a period of time under the pressurized pressure, then the temperature is cooled to homogenize the chemical components of the alloy casting and improve the using performance of the alloy casting by a diffusion annealing method, the casting is heated to the temperature as high as possible on the premise of not melting, the temperature is kept for a long time, after various elements in the alloy tend to be uniformly distributed, the mixture is slowly cooled, and then the mixture is pressed, and introducing the mixture after pressing into a forming device for forming, and then carrying out shot blasting on the casting for 20-25 minutes to remove oxide skin, sand grains and coating shells on the surface of the casting.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. An anti-oxidation high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material is characterized in that: the main formula of the oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material comprises 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C.
2. The stainless steel alloy material with the functions of resisting oxidation, high temperature and abrasion as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation steps of the oxidation-resistant high-temperature wear-resistant stainless steel alloy material are as follows:
firstly, weighing sufficient 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C;
step two, putting 46-57Ni, 16-18Cr, 16-20Mo, 5-8Fe, 4-10W, 2.5-3.5Co, 1-5Mn, 0.35-3V, 0.08-2Si and 0.01-1C into an intermediate frequency furnace for high temperature operation, heating to 800-;
step three, adding 0.41 part of pig iron and 0.06 part of ferrosilicon into the intermediate frequency furnace, carrying out recarburization and silicon-adding, and adding a deslagging agent to remove slag after melting;
casting a sand mold by using a ladle, wherein the sand mold is formed by a V method, the casting temperature is 1550 ℃, the time from tapping to completion of casting is 9 minutes, and a casting obtained after the casting is completed is a cast steel material casting;
fifthly, placing the mixed materials in a single-screw extruder for blending, and granulating to obtain a solid substance;
sixthly, cutting the mixed solid substance into pieces, taking out the pieces, and feeding the pieces into a forming device for preforming, wherein the forming pressure is 4-6MPa, and the pieces are taken out after 15-20 seconds;
step seven, placing the molded pressing blank into a preheated mold, pressurizing to 6-7MPa at the temperature of 140-160 ℃ on a flat vulcanizing machine, continuing for a period of time under the pressurized pressure, and then cooling the temperature;
step eight: the diffusion annealing method for homogenizing the chemical components of the alloy casting and improving the service performance of the alloy casting comprises the steps of heating the casting to the highest temperature on the premise of no melting, preserving heat for a long time, and slowly cooling after various elements in the alloy are diffused and tend to be uniformly distributed;
step nine: and then pressing the mixture, introducing the pressed mixture into a forming device for forming, and then carrying out shot blasting on the casting for 20-25 minutes to remove oxide skin, sand grains and coating shells on the surface of the casting.
3. The stainless steel alloy material with the functions of resisting oxidation, high temperature and abrasion as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the annealing process of the alloy material comprises the following steps:
first, complete annealing
Aims to refine grains, homogenize the structure, eliminate internal stress and processing defects, reduce the hardness, improve the cutting processing performance and the cold plastic deformation capacity and be used for refining coarse overheated structures with poor mechanical properties after casting, forging and welding of medium and low carbon steel. Heating the workpiece to 30-50 deg.c higher than the temperature of ferrite transforming into austenite, maintaining for some time, cooling slowly, and re-transforming austenite to thin steel structure.
Second, folding spheroidizing annealing
The method is used for reducing the higher hardness of the forged tool steel and bearing steel. The workpiece is heated to 20 to 40 ℃ above the temperature at which the steel begins to form austenite, the workpiece is slowly cooled after heat preservation, and lamellar cementite in the pearlite is changed into spheres in the cooling process, so that the hardness is reduced.
Three, folding isothermal annealing
The high hardness of some structural alloy steels with high nickel and chromium contents is reduced for cutting. Generally, the austenite is cooled to the temperature at which the austenite is most unstable at a higher speed, the temperature is kept for a proper time, the austenite is converted into troostite or sorbite, the hardness can be reduced, and recrystallization annealing is used for eliminating the hardening phenomenon of metal wires and sheets in the processes of cold drawing and cold rolling, so that the hardness is increased and the plasticity is reduced. The heating temperature is generally 50 to 150 c below the temperature at which the steel begins to form austenite, only so that the work hardening effect is eliminated and the metal is softened.
Fourth, annealing of folded graphite
To convert cast iron containing a large amount of cementite into malleable cast iron having good plasticity. The technological operation is that the casting is heated to about 950 ℃, and is cooled properly after heat preservation for a certain time, so that cementite is decomposed to form flocculent graphite.
Fifthly, folding diffusion annealing
The method is used for homogenizing the chemical components of the alloy casting and improving the service performance of the alloy casting. The method is that under the premise of not melting, the casting is heated to the highest temperature, and is kept warm for a long time, and after various elements in the alloy are diffused and tend to be evenly distributed, the casting is slowly cooled.
Sixthly, folding stress relief annealing
The internal stress of the steel casting and the welding parts is eliminated. The temperature of the steel product which starts to form austenite after being heated is 100 to 200 ℃, and the steel product is cooled in the air after heat preservation, so that the internal stress can be eliminated.
Seven, folding incomplete annealing
The heating temperature is between Ac1 and Accm, the cooling speed is above 500 to 600 ℃, the carbon steel is 100 to 200 ℃/h, the alloy steel is 50 to 100 ℃/h, and the high alloy steel is 20 to 60 ℃/h, and the method is mainly used for hypereutectoid steel.
Eight, folding postweld annealing
The annealing equipment adopts pure Fe as filling metal to perform TIG welding test on YG30 hard alloy and 45 steel, a scanning electron microscope is utilized to analyze the structure morphology of the YG30 welding seam interface area before and after annealing, industrial pure Fe is used as filling metal, the welded η phase is unchanged after annealing at 1050 ℃, a new η phase is generated after annealing at 1150 ℃, the η phase is increased along with the increase of annealing temperature and the prolonging of heat preservation time, the new η phase nucleates at the WC-gamma phase boundary during annealing, and WC grains are grown and distributed at the WC grain boundary.
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| CN (1) | CN111118408A (en) |
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| CN110366603A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-10-22 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | The manufacturing method of wear-resistant steel plate and wear-resistant steel plate |
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