CN111116906A - Fluorescent covalent organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fluorescent covalent organic framework material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a covalent organic framework material. The synthesized material has good dispersibility in a solvent and shows special fluorescence property. The covalent organic framework material has large specific surface area, can realize the loading of various enzymes and medicines, and has remarkable responsive release performance. Particularly, the material has low cytotoxicity, and the drug sustained-release mode and the drug sustained-release way of the material after the material is taken by cells can obviously improve the utilization rate of enzyme and drugs and improve the treatment effect of the drugs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, chemistry and biology, and particularly relates to a covalent organic framework material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous organic polymer crystals covalently linked by light elements (e.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, boron, etc.). Due to the special structure and properties, the material has great application potential in the fields of gas adsorption, catalysis, energy storage, drug delivery, photovoltaic equipment and the like. In recent years, COF synthesis, properties and application studies have been receiving increasing attention from researchers (see t. Ma, e.a. Kapustin, s.x. Yin, l. Liang, z. Zhou, j. Niu, l. -h. Li, y. Wang, j. Su and j. Li, Science, 2018, 361, 48-52; h.wang, z. Zeng, p. Xu, l. Li, g. Zeng, r. Xiao, z. Tang, d. Huang, l. Tang and dc. Lai, chem. soc. rev., 2019, 48, 488-516.), and COF synthesis of new materials has an important role in promoting further research and practical application thereof.
In order to ensure that the synthesized COF has special structure, pore size and function, a plurality of covalent bond connection modes such as C-N, N-N, B-N, C-C, B-O and the like are used for constructing a framework structure of the COF. These chemical bonds ensure that the synthesized COF has a relatively stable rigid structure and designability, and particularly, the existence of a conjugate structure in the COF can enable the COF to have special fluorescence properties. The existing synthesis and preparation work based on the fluorescent COF is mainly realized by using different monomers, changing the connection mode between the monomers and the like, and the existing problems are mainly as follows (see M.S. Lohse and T.Bein, Adv. Funct. Mater.,2018, 28, 1705553; F. Beuerle and B. gold, Angew. chem., int. Ed., 2018, 57, 4850-one 4878; V. Nguyen and M. Grunwald, J. Am. chem. Soc., 2018,140, 3306-one 3311.): (1) the monomer synthesis steps are complex, the yield is low, the direct purchase price is high, and the method is not suitable for large-scale production; (2) the synthesis conditions are harsh, liquid nitrogen, vacuum pumping, flame sealing and the like are required, and relatively high temperature and pressure are required; (3) the reaction device is an ampoule bottle which is high in price and is a disposable consumable; (4) the synthesized COF needs to be dried under a vacuum condition, and has poor thermal stability, poor solvent stability and weak fluorescence. Therefore, a simple, effective and low-cost method for synthesizing the COF material and researching the related performance of the COF material is developed, and the method has important practical significance for basic scientific research and practical application.
However, the simple and efficient synthesis of COF faces many challenges due to limitations of organic reaction species and monomer types, and we found, through previous literature studies, that there is no published report on the synthesis of fluorescent COF by a simple method at normal pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems faced by the simple synthesis of the current COF, the invention provides a novel COF and a synthesis method thereof, the method can synthesize a COF material by a simple reflux mode under normal pressure, and by designing and using a highly conjugated monomer as a raw material, the synthesized COF has high fluorescence, good dispersion stability and high specific surface area, has high loading capacity on enzyme and anticancer drugs, has low cytotoxicity, and can remarkably improve the utilization rate of the enzyme and the therapeutic effect of the drugs.
The invention provides a structural formula of the COF material.
The invention provides a preparation method of the COF material monomer.
The invention provides a method for loading enzyme and medicine on the COF material.
The invention also provides application of the COF material in aspects of loading biological enzymes and anticancer drugs.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a covalent organic framework material having the formula:
the preparation method of the frame material comprises the steps of mixing tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine and biphenyldiamine, adding a solvent, carrying out ultrasonic homogenization, carrying out heating reflux reaction under the action of a catalyst, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction to obtain a COF product;
preferably, the amount of the added biphenyldiamine is 2 mol and the amount of the catalyst is 0.1 to 1 mol per 1 mol of the tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine.
Preferably, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methanol or toluene; the catalyst is formic acid or acetic acid; the heating reaction temperature is 60-120 ℃; the reaction time is 24-72 hours; the washing solvent after the reaction is tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methanol or toluene.
Preferably, the preparation method of tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine comprises the following steps:
(1) reacting tetra (4-phenyl) biphenyldiamine, imidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride to obtain an intermediate;
(2) dissolving the intermediate in tetrahydrofuran, reacting under the action of hydrogen chloride gas to synthesize tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine, filtering and recrystallizing with diethyl ether;
more preferably, the reaction time in the step (2) is 10 to 36 hours.
More preferably, tetrakis (4-phenyl) biphenyldiamine, imidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride are used in amounts of: the amount of imidazole is 6.03 to 6.1 mol and the amount of trifluoroacetic anhydride is 0.012 to 0.015 mol per 1 mol of tetra (4-phenyl) biphenyldiamine.
The COF product prepared by the method has the size of 50-500 nm and is spherical in shape.
The nanometer medicine carrier prepared by the method is applied to loading enzyme and anticancer medicines.
The enzyme includes but is not limited to one or more of glucose oxidase, urokinase, streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, protease inhibitor and alkyl phosphocholine.
The anticancer drug comprises one or more of paclitaxel, camptothecin, phthalocyanine, epirubicin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, cisplatin, carboplatin, taxol, procarbazine, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, daunorubicin, etoposide, tamoxifen, adriamycin, mitomycin, bleomycin, plicamycin, antiplatin, vinblastine, methotrexate and bufalin.
The drug carrier of the present invention can be used for the treatment of diseases. Diseases in which the drug carrier of the present invention is applied include stomach cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, testicular cancer, brain tumor, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bronchial cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer and cervical cancer. The kind of the pharmaceutically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical carrier of the present invention may vary depending on the intended application. That is, the drug carrier of the present invention can be used in a variety of medical applications.
The invention has the following beneficial results:
(1) the porous fluorescent COF material is innovatively synthesized by a normal-pressure, low-temperature and backflow method, so that an expensive ampoule bottle is completely avoided, a high-temperature and high-pressure sealed reaction environment is not required to be provided, and particularly, the synthesized COF has high yield, uniform appearance and high fluorescence intensity.
(2) The monomer has simple synthesis steps, high yield (more than 90 percent) and low cost, and the COF material synthesized by using the monomer has good dispersibility and stability in various organic solvents.
(3) The enzyme, the anticancer drug and the like are combined on COF through pi-pi conjugation or hydrogen bond, so that the damage of chemical bond combination to drug molecules is avoided, no chemical reaction exists in the middle, and the operation of the drug loading process is simple and convenient.
(4) The COF material has low toxicity, no obvious toxicity to cells, high drug loading capacity and good treatment effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the images of the scanning electron microscope and the transmission electron microscope of the synthetic COF of the present patent.
FIG. 2 Synthesis of COF and IR spectra of its monomers tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine (TPB) and biphenyldiamine (TMB).
Fig. 3 is a graph of the dispersion of COF in Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate, cell culture medium, and PBS.
Fig. 4 shows fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of synthetic COFs in (a) DMSO and (b) ethyl acetate, with the inset being a photograph of luminescence of the corresponding COF solutions.
FIG. 5 is an infrared spectrum of COF loaded anticancer drug Doxorubicin (DOX).
Fig. 6 is an infrared spectrum of COF-supported Glucose Oxidase (GOX).
Fig. 7 is data of toxicity study of COF materials at different concentrations on cells.
Fig. 8 is data of therapeutic effect of COF + GOX, pure COF and pure GOX loaded with Glucose Oxidase (GOX) at different concentrations on a549 cancer cells.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the essence of the present invention, the following further explains the technical scheme of the present invention by specific examples.
Example 1
The intermediate synthesis method comprises the following steps: mixing N, N, N ', N' -tetraphenyl- [1, 1-biphenyl]-4, 4-diamine (TPB 5.0 g, 10.2 mmol) and imidazole (5.1 g, 61.5 mmol) were added to a 250 ml two neck round bottom flask followed by 90 ml acetonitrile. In a nitrogen atmosphere (N)2) Trifluoroacetic anhydride (17.3 mL, 0.123 mol) was added dropwise. The mixture was refluxed until complete consumption of TPB (monitored by thin layer chromatography). The reaction solution was poured into 1L of water to dissolveThe yellow powder precipitate was liberated. The filter cake was washed with water until the filtrate became colorless to give the product TPB-IOS: yellow solid (15.4 g, 98.3%).
The synthesis method comprises the following steps: the polyimidazoline product (TPB-IOS, 10g, 6.5 mmol) was dissolved in 200mL THF. HCl solution (100 mL) was then pumped in by adding 79.0 mL of H to 21.0 mL of concentrated HCl22.5 mol. L prepared in O-1). The reaction solution was refluxed for 12 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and an orange solid was formed. The reaction mixture was filtered and recrystallized from ether to give compound TPB-4CHO (3.8 g, 96.0%).
The synthesis method comprises the following steps: in tetrahydrofuran solution in a molar ratio of 2: 4, mixing TPB and TMB, wherein the molar ratio of the added formic acid to the TPB is 0.1: 1 and refluxed at 70 ℃ for three days. Filtration and washing with tetrahydrofuran gave the product as a pure brown powder, COF, in 95% yield.
COF analysis:
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope image of the synthetic COF of example 1. Electron microscopy data show that the synthesized COF has a uniform spherical structure with a size of about 400 nm.
FIG. 2 is an IR spectrum of synthesized COF and its monomers tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine (TPB) and biphenyldiamine (TMB). As can be seen from the figure, the length of the groove is 1569 cm-1The synthesis of COF is proved to be successful by a stretching vibration absorption peak with obvious amido bonds.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the dispersion of COF in Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate, cell culture medium, and PBS. The results show that COFs all have good dispersion stability in the above solvents.
Fig. 4 shows fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of synthetic COFs in (a) DMSO and (b) ethyl acetate, with the inset being a photograph of luminescence of the corresponding COF solutions. COF shows different luminescence behaviors in different solvents, the position of an optimal emission peak is changed along with the solvents, and different fluorescence pictures are also shown under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp. COF fluoresces with a greenish color in DMSO (inset in a), and fluoresces blue in ethyl acetate (inset in b).
Example 2
Other synthesis conditions were the same as in example 1, and the conditions during COF synthesis were varied:
in a chloroform solution in a molar ratio of 2: 4 TPB and TMB were mixed, the catalyst formic acid was added in a molar ratio of 0.5 to TPB, and refluxed at 65 ℃ for three days. Filtration and washing with chloroform gave the pure COF product as a brown powder in 93% yield.
Example 3
Other synthesis conditions were the same as in example 1, and the conditions during COF synthesis were varied:
in toluene solution in a molar ratio of 2: 4 TPB and TMB were mixed, the catalyst acetic acid was added in a molar ratio of 0.2 to TPB, and refluxed at 115 ℃ for 24 hours. Filtration and washing with toluene gave the pure brown powder COF product in 91% yield.
Example 4
Other synthesis conditions were the same as in example 1, and the conditions during COF synthesis were varied:
in methanol solution in a molar ratio of 2: 4 TPB and TMB were mixed, acetic acid was added in a molar ratio of 0.3 to TPB, and refluxed at 70 ℃ for three days. Filtration and washing with methanol gave pure brown powder COF product in 90% yield.
Example 5
1 mg of Doxorubicin (DOX) was dissolved in 1 mL of water and then slowly added to 4 mL of Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) with COF (0.4 mg) dissolved. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours in the absence of light and then centrifuged at 8000 rpm. Finally, the drug-loaded samples were washed with PBS to remove unadsorbed DOX and the samples were freeze-dried for use.
FIG. 5 is an infrared spectrum of the COF supporting anticancer drug Doxorubicin (DOX) of example 5. As can be seen from the figure, DOXHas a characteristic peak at 1735 cm-1And 1287 cm-1These characteristic peaks were also detected in the DOX loaded COF material, confirming successful loading of the drug.
Example 6
1 mg of Glucose Oxidase (GOX) was dissolved in 1 mL of water and then slowly added to 4 mL of Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) with COF (0.4 mg) dissolved therein. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours in the absence of light and then centrifuged at 8000 rpm. Finally, the drug-loaded samples were washed with PBS to remove unadsorbed GOX, and the samples were freeze-dried for use.
FIG. 6 is an IR spectrum of Glucose Oxidase (GOX) loaded on COF of example 6. As can be seen from the figure, the characteristic peak of GOX is located at 1050 cm-1This characteristic peak was also detected in the doxorubicin-loaded COF material, confirming successful loading of the drug.
And (3) toxicological experiments:
the MTT method is adopted to research the toxicity of COF materials on HeLa cells. Cells (6X 10 per well)4) After 24 hours of incubation, solubilized COF samples of different concentrations were added. After culturing the cells for 24 hours, adding 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2) -2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and continuing culturing for 4 hours. After removing the supernatant, 0.1 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the well, the plate was shaken to make formazan crystals abundant, and the absorbance was measured by a microplate reader to determine the cell survival rate.
Fig. 7 is data of toxicity study of COF materials at different concentrations on cells. The results show that the HeLa cell survival rate remains above 90% even at higher concentrations, indicating that the COF material has low cytotoxicity.
Cell experiments
MTT method is adopted to research the cytotoxicity of COF material on A549 carcinoma. Cells (5X 10 per well)4) After 24 hours of incubation, solubilized samples of different concentrations of COF, GOX, COF + GOX were added. After culturing the cells for 24 hours, adding 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2) -2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and continuing culturing for 4 hours. After removing the clear solution, 0.1 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the well, the plate was shaken to make formazan crystals abundant,and measuring absorbance by using a microplate reader to calculate the cell survival rate.
Fig. 8 is data of therapeutic effect of COF + GOX, pure COF and pure GOX loaded with Glucose Oxidase (GOX) at different concentrations on a549 cancer cells. Anticancer activity data show that compared with pure GOX, the GOX-loaded COF material has a greater inhibition effect on cancer cells, and the growth of the cancer cells is inhibited by more than 80% under the condition that the concentration of the GOX is only 7.5 mg/mL.
Claims (10)
1. A covalent organic framework material having the formula:
2. the preparation method of the framework material as claimed in claim 1, wherein tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine and biphenyldiamine are mixed, added with solvent for uniform ultrasound, heated under the action of catalyst for reflux reaction, filtered, washed and dried to obtain COF product;
3. the method according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the biphenyldiamine is 2 mol and the amount of the catalyst is 0.1 to 1 mol per 1 mol of the tetrakis (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine.
4. The process according to claim 2, wherein the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methanol or toluene; the catalyst is formic acid or acetic acid; the heating reaction temperature is 60-120 ℃; the reaction time is 24-72 hours; the washing solvent after the reaction is tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methanol or toluene.
5. The method of any of claims 2-4, wherein the COF product has a size of 50-500 nm and a spherical morphology.
6. The method of preparing a covalent organic framework material according to claim 2, characterized in that tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine is prepared:
(1) reacting tetra (4-phenyl) biphenyldiamine, imidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride to obtain an intermediate;
(2) dissolving the intermediate in tetrahydrofuran, reacting under the action of hydrogen chloride gas to synthesize tetra (4-formylphenyl) biphenyldiamine, filtering and recrystallizing with diethyl ether;
7. the method according to claim 6, wherein the reaction time in the step (2) is 10 to 36 hours.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein tetra (4-phenyl) biphenyldiamine, imidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride are used in amounts of: the amount of imidazole is 6.03 to 6.1 mol and the amount of trifluoroacetic anhydride is 0.012 to 0.015 mol per 1 mol of tetra (4-phenyl) biphenyldiamine.
9. Use of a covalent organic framework material prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 or any one of claims 2 to 8 for drug or enzyme loading.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the drug is an anti-cancer drug.
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| CN112870378A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-01 | 曲阜师范大学 | Manganese dioxide nano drug delivery system and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113583247A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉大学 | Three-dimensional covalent organic framework material with immunotherapy effect and preparation method thereof |
| CN114539498A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江大学 | Water-phase dispersible composite material based on covalent organic framework and application thereof |
| CN114621433A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-14 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultrathin two-dimensional covalent organic framework nano enzyme-like catalytic material and preparation and application thereof |
| CN114621433B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-12-05 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultrathin two-dimensional covalent organic framework nano enzyme-like catalytic material and preparation and application thereof |
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